Effects of Increasing Chloride Concentrations on Growth Performance of 15- to 25-lb Nursery Pigs

A total of 300 nursery pigs (initially 15.5 lb; Line 241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a 21-d trial to determine effects of increasing dietary Cl on nursery pig growth performance. Upon entry to the nursery, pigs were allotted by BW and fed a common starter diet (0.33% Na and 0.76% Cl) for 7 d. On d 7 after weaning, considered d 0 in the trial, pens were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments that were fed from d 0 to 14. Experimental treatments included a control diet containing 0.33% Na and 0.55% Cl provided by 0.78% added salt, or 5 diets with 0.33% Na and added potassium chloride to provide 0.09, 0.21, 0.32, 0.45, or 0.55% Cl. A common diet (0.18% Na and 0.49% Cl) was then fed from d 14 to 21. From d 0 to 14, ADG, ADFI, and F/G improved (quadratic, P \u3c 0.05) as dietary Cl increased from 0.09 to 0.32% with no further benefits observed thereafter. Pigs fed the 0.55% Cl diet had greater (P \u3c 0.05) ADFI, but tended (P = 0.053) to have poorer F/G than pigs fed the control diet with 0.55% Cl from added salt. Pigs fed the control diet and the 0.55% Cl diet had similar ADG. When pigs were fed the common diet from d 14 to 21, ADG decreased (linear, P = 0.045) and ADFI increased (linear, P = 0.033) in pigs previously fed increasing dietary Cl concentration. Pigs previously fed increasing Cl concentration had poorer (quadratic, P \u3c 0.001) F/G. Pigs previously fed the 0.55% Cl diet had greater (P = 0.009) ADFI but tended (P = 0.059) to have poorer F/G than pigs previously fed the control diet with 0.55% Cl from added salt. There was no evidence of difference to indicate that previously feeding the control diet or the 0.55% Cl diet affected ADG. From d 0 to 21, ADG improved (quadratic, P = 0.002) as dietary Cl increased from 0.09 to 0.32% with no further benefits observed thereafter. Average daily feed intake increased (linear, P = 0.002) as dietary Cl increased. Pigs fed the 0.55% Cl diet had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ADFI but poorer F/G than pigs fed the control diet with no evidence of difference to indicate that dietary treatments affected ADG. In conclusion, results of this study indicate a dietary Cl concentration of 0.32% would optimize ADG, ADFI, and F/G of 15 to 25 lb pigs, which is slightly lower than the NRC current estimate of 0.45%

Effects of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan: lysine ratio on growth performance of nursery pigs12

The objective of this study was to model the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio on growth performance of 65- to 275-lb pigs. The present experiment, along with three previous experiments from Gonçalves et al. (2014), were used in the analysis. For all studies, dietary treatments consisted of SID Trp:Lys ratios of 14.5, 16.5, 18.0, 19.5, 21.0, 22.5, and 24.5%. The experiments were 21 d in duration and used corn and soybean meal-based diets with 30% dried distillers grains with solubles formulated to be deficient in Lys at the end of each of the experiments. In the current experiment, a total of 975 gilts (337 × 1050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used with initial BW of 234.1 ± 6.8 lb and final BW of 274.9 ± 10.4 (mean ± SD). Pens of pigs were blocked by weight and assigned to one of the seven dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 6 pens/treatment with 20 to 24 pigs per pen. For 235 to 275 lb-pigs, increasing SID Trp:Lys improved ADG (quadratic, P \u3c 0.022), ADFI (linear, P \u3c 0.001), and F/G (linear, P \u3c 0.001). Data from all experiments were then combined for analysis using linear and non-linear mixed models with random effects of experiment and weight block nested within experiment allowing for heterogeneous variances. Competing models included broken-line linear (BLL), broken-line quadratic (BLQ), and quadratic polynomial (QP). In the combined analysis for ADG, QP was the best fitting model and estimated SID Trp:Lys requirement at 23.5% (95% CI: [22.7, 24.3%]). In the combined analysis for F/G, BLL and BLQ had comparable fit and estimated SID Trp:Lys requirements at 16.9% (95% CI: [16.0, 17.8%]) and 17.0% (95% CI: [15.0, 18.9%]), respectively. Thus, the estimated mean requirements for SID Trp:Lys for 65- to 275-lb pigs ranged from 16.9% for optimum mean F/G to 23.5% for maximum mean ADG. Furthermore, 95% of the maximum estimated mean ADG was obtained by feeding 17.6% SID Trp:Lys and 98% of the maximum estimated mean ADG was obtained by feeding 19.8% SID Trp:Lys