Social re-orientation and brain development: An expanded and updated view.

Social development has been the focus of a great deal of neuroscience based research over the past decade. In this review, we focus on providing a framework for understanding how changes in facets of social development may correspond with changes in brain function. We argue that (1) distinct phases of social behavior emerge based on whether the organizing social force is the mother, peer play, peer integration, or romantic intimacy; (2) each phase is marked by a high degree of affect-driven motivation that elicits a distinct response in subcortical structures; (3) activity generated by these structures interacts with circuits in prefrontal cortex that guide executive functions, and occipital and temporal lobe circuits, which generate specific sensory and perceptual social representations. We propose that the direction, magnitude and duration of interaction among these affective, executive, and perceptual systems may relate to distinct sensitive periods across development that contribute to establishing long-term patterns of brain function and behavior

Vaginal Preparation with Povidone Iodine prior to Cesarean Delivery

Objectives: To reduce the rate of postoperative endometritis in patients undergoing cesarean delivery by implementing a new departmental guideline for vaginal preparation prior to cesarean sections, after labor or rupture of membraneshttps://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1053/thumbnail.jp

Guidelines for producing rice using furrow irrigation

"Original authors: Paul Tracy, Barry D. Sims, Steven G. Hefner and John P. Cairns""Missouri rice farmers started furrow-irrigated production beginning around 1990. For many years, the amount of land in "row rice" was small. But interest in the cropping system has increased in recent years. About 30% of the rice currently is produced with furrow irrigation. In felds well suited to fooded rice, furrow irrigation usually does not increase yields. Te main advantage of furrow-irrigated rice is that levees and gates are not required. Tis saves rice producers time and labor costs. Soils are an important factor in the decision process. For felds that do not efciently retain foodwater, furrow irrigation may be a good fit. Te purpose of this publication is to introduce producers to the furrow-irrigated rice system and help interested individuals decide whether that system has potential for use on their farms."--First page.Written by: Gene Stevens (Extension Professor, Agronomy), Johanna Nelson (Research/Lab Technician, Plant Sciences), Jim Heiser (Senior Research Associate, Plant Sciences)Revised 10/93, Revised 1/2

Characterization of eukaryotic microbial diversity in hypersaline Lake Tyrrell, Australia.

This study describes the community structure of the microbial eukaryotic community from hypersaline Lake Tyrrell, Australia, using near full length 18S rRNA sequences. Water samples were taken in both summer and winter over a 4-year period. The extent of eukaryotic diversity detected was low, with only 35 unique phylotypes using a 97% sequence similarity threshold. The water samples were dominated (91%) by a novel cluster of the Alveolate, Apicomplexa Colpodella spp., most closely related to C. edax. The Chlorophyte, Dunaliella spp. accounted for less than 35% of water column samples. However, the eukaryotic community entrained in a salt crust sample was vastly different and was dominated (83%) by the Dunaliella spp. The patterns described here represent the first observation of microbial eukaryotic dynamics in this system and provide a multiyear comparison of community composition by season. The lack of expected seasonal distribution in eukaryotic communities paired with abundant nanoflagellates suggests that grazing may significantly structure microbial eukaryotic communities in this system

Real-time observation of a coherent lattice transformation into a high-symmetry phase

Excursions far from their equilibrium structures can bring crystalline solids through collective transformations including transitions into new phases that may be transient or long-lived. Direct spectroscopic observation of far-from-equilibrium rearrangements provides fundamental mechanistic insight into chemical and structural transformations, and a potential route to practical applications, including ultrafast optical control over material structure and properties. However, in many cases photoinduced transitions are irreversible or only slowly reversible, or the light fluence required exceeds material damage thresholds. This precludes conventional ultrafast spectroscopy in which optical excitation and probe pulses irradiate the sample many times, each measurement providing information about the sample response at just one probe delay time following excitation, with each measurement at a high repetition rate and with the sample fully recovering its initial state in between measurements. Using a single-shot, real-time measurement method, we were able to observe the photoinduced phase transition from the semimetallic, low-symmetry phase of crystalline bismuth into a high-symmetry phase whose existence at high electronic excitation densities was predicted based on earlier measurements at moderate excitation densities below the damage threshold. Our observations indicate that coherent lattice vibrational motion launched upon photoexcitation with an incident fluence above 10 mJ/cm2 in bulk bismuth brings the lattice structure directly into the high-symmetry configuration for tens of picoseconds, after which carrier relaxation and diffusion restore the equilibrium lattice configuration.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Impact of Patient Safety Bundle for Management of Morbidly Adherent Placenta on Estimated Blood Loss

Introduction: Establishment of centers of excellence for care of patients with morbidly adherent placentas (MAP) has been described to improve patient outcomes. We compared maternal estimated blood loss (EBL) for patients with MAP delivered before and after the implementation of a protocol for management of MAP. Objective: To assess the impact of a new protocol for management of MAP. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort of patients at TJUH who had a MAP between 2007 and 2018. In 2015 our center developed a protocol as a patient safety bundle for the management of MAP. Pre-protocol and post-protocol groups were compared. Demographic and operative data were collected. Maternal outcomes were collected and compared using Chi-squared and Fisher-exact test. Continuous variables were compared using Mann-Whitney test. The primary outcome was EBL during cesarean hysterectomy. Results: Forty-one of MAP were analyzed. Cesarean hysterectomy was performed for all patients. There were significantly more suspected MAP cases in the post-protocol period (31.8% vs 89.5%,p \u3c0.0001). The post-protocol group was more likely to have a placenta previa, and receive betamethasone prior to delivery. Practice patterns that changed with the bundle included Cell Saver ® , vertical skin incision, fundal hysterotomy, and co-management with gynecologic oncology. EBL was lower in the post-protocol group (pre-protocol: 2600 [1262, 4500] vs post-protocol: 1200 [900, 2250], p=0.04). Massive transfusion was not necessary post-protocol. Discussion: Implementation of a patient safety bundle for MAP demonstrated a lower EBL and more consistent management practices, improving patient safety

Carrier confinement and bond softening in photoexcited bismuth films

Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy of bismuth thin films has revealed strong dependencies of reflectivity and phonon frequency on film thickness in the range of 25−40 nm. The reflectivity variations are ascribed to distinct electronic structures originating from strongly varying electronic temperatures and proximity of the film thickness to the optical penetration depth of visible light. The phonon frequency is redshifted by an amount that increases with decreasing film thickness under the same excitation fluence, indicating carrier density-dependent bond softening that increases due to suppressed diffusion of carriers away from the photoexcited region in thin films. The results have significant implications for nonthermal melting of bismuth as well as lattice heating due to inelastic electron-phonon scattering.United States. Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-12-1-0530)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CHE-1111557

The legacy of Lutheranism in a secular Nordic society : An introduction

Peer reviewe