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Hemidactylium scutatum
Number of Pages: 2Place of Publication: Bethesda, MarylandIntegrative BiologyGeological Science
Decorin-evoked paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) is an upstream regulator of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) in endothelial cell autophagy.
Macroautophagy is a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that eradicates damaged and aging macromolecules and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Decorin, an archetypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan, initiates a protracted autophagic program downstream of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling that requires paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3). We have discovered that PEG3 is an upstream transcriptional regulator of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master transcription factor of lysosomal biogenesis, for decorin-evoked endothelial cell autophagy. We found a functional requirement of PEG3 for TFEB transcriptional induction and nuclear translocation in human umbilical vein endothelial and PAER2 cells. Mechanistically, inhibiting VEGFR2 or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major decorin-activated energy sensor kinase, prevented decorin-evoked TFEB induction and nuclear localization. In conclusion, our findings indicate a non-canonical (nutrient- and energy-independent) mechanism underlying the pro-autophagic bioactivity of decorin via PEG3 and TFEB
Surveyors’ Field Notes as a Source of Historical Information
No doubt many historians are aware of the information to be gleaned from surveyors’ field notes. However, it seems desirable to call further attention to these documents; they should be of special interest to the student of local history, and to the archeologist who wishes to find sites of the Seminole period in Florida
The Site of Osceola\u27s Village
Archeology is generally thought of as being concerned with prehistoric man, but the application of archeological techniques to sites of the historic period often yields valuable data. As recently as 1948, no archeological site had been found that could be attributed to Seminole Indian occupation; the Seminole Period in Florida was known from historical sources alone. This situation was soon remedied. Goggin investigated the site of Spaulding’s Lower Store on the St. Johns River, recovering a large quantity of colonial artifacts, Seminole pottery, and trinkets intended for the Indian trade. Goggin et al. described a historic Indian burial, doubtless Seminole, from the Zetrouer site near Gainesville. A number of Seminole or Lower Creek sites had previously been discovered by Bullen in the Chattahoochee Valley. Seminole material was recovered by Griffin from old Fort Gadsden. A promising Seminole site, found by Julian Granberry at Winter Park, has been under investigation by John M. Goggin, who has also recovered artifacts of the Seminole Period from the vicinity of Middleburg, Clay County. In 1953 Neill located a Seminole site near Silver Springs, Florida
Meta-Analytic Research on the Outcomes of Outdoor Education
For most outdoor education (OE )advocates the ready-at-hand, ad hoc evidence is sufficient to support their enÂthusiastic claims about OE. Indeed, the smile when a participant conquers a challenge and the glowing words spoken during a debrief are often compelling. But is it enough to let such eviÂdence speak for itself? Professional OErs should know more about research results, as should all stakeholders in OE programs and related fields of endeavor, includÂing researchers of OE. To date, however, there has been a lack of high quality research reviews that have been written for both researchers and practitioners. Thus the current article undertakes to compare and summarize the findings of empirical outcome research on OE and related programs for both general audiences. Initially this paper overviews two ways of measuring outcomes, then describes the use of meta-analysis as a method for objectively sumÂmarizing pre-post empirical research results, and finally provides recommendations for future OE research and evaluation studies
Supernova 2009kf: An Ultraviolet Bright Type IIP Supernova Discovered with Pan-STARRS 1 and GALEX
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of a luminous Type IIP Supernova (SN) 2009kf discovered by the Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) survey and also detected by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer. The SN shows a plateau in its optical and bolometric light curves, lasting approximately 70 days in the rest frame, with an absolute magnitude of M_V = -18.4 mag. The P-Cygni profiles of hydrogen indicate expansion velocities of 9000 km s^(-1) at 61 days after discovery which is extremely high for a Type IIP SN. SN 2009kf is also remarkably bright in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and shows a slow evolution 10-20 days after optical discovery. The NUV and optical luminosity at these epochs can be modeled with a blackbody with a hot effective temperature (T ~ 16,000 K) and a large radius (R ~ 1 × 10^(15) cm). The bright bolometric and NUV luminosity, the light curve peak and plateau duration, the high velocities, and temperatures suggest that 2009kf is a Type IIP SN powered by a larger than normal explosion energy. Recently discovered high-z SNe (0.7 < z < 2.3) have been assumed to be IIn SNe, with the bright UV luminosities due to the interaction of SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. UV-bright SNe similar to SN 2009kf could also account for these high-z events, and its absolute magnitude M_(NUV) = -21.5 ± 0.5 mag suggests such SNe could be discovered out to z ~ 2.5 in the PS1 survey
Nitric oxide: Its generation and interactions with other reactive signaling compounds
Nitric oxide (NO) is an immensely important signaling molecule in animals and plants. It is involved in plant reproduction, development, key physiological responses such as stomatal closure, and cell death. One of the controversies of NO metabolism in plants is the identification of enzymatic sources. Although there is little doubt that nitrate reductase (NR) is involved, the identification of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzyme remains elusive and it is becoming increasingly clear that such a protein does not exist in higher plants, even though homologues have been found in algae. Downstream from its production, NO can have several potential actions, but none of these will be in isolation from other reactive signaling molecules which have similar chemistry to NO. Therefore, NO metabolism will be taking place in an environment containing reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), glutathione, other antioxidants and within a reducing redox state. Direct reactions with NO are likely to produce new signaling molecules such as peroxynitrite and nitrosothiols, and it is probable that chemical competitions will exist which will determine the ultimate end result of signaling responses. How NO is generated in plants cells and how NO fits into this complex cellular environment needs to be understood
From Spitzer Galaxy Photometry to Tully-Fisher Distances
This paper involves a data release of the observational campaign: Cosmicflows
with Spitzer (CFS). Surface photometry of the 1270 galaxies constituting the
survey is presented. An additional ~ 400 galaxies from various other Spitzer
surveys are also analyzed. CFS complements the Spitzer Survey of Stellar
Structure in Galaxies, that provides photometry for an additional 2352
galaxies, by extending observations to low galactic latitudes (|b|<30 degrees).
Among these galaxies are calibrators, selected in K band, of the Tully-Fisher
relation. The addition of new calibrators demonstrate the robustness of the
previously released calibration. Our estimate of the Hubble constant using
supernova host galaxies is unchanged, H0 = 75.2 +/- 3.3 km/s/Mpc.
Distance-derived radial peculiar velocities, for the 1935 galaxies with all the
available parameters, will be incorporated into a new data release of the
Cosmicflows project. The size of the previous catalog will be increased by 20%,
including spatial regions close to the Zone of Avoidance.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 pages, 14 figures, 6 table
Effects of subchronic phencyclidine on behaviour of female rats on the elevated plus maze and open field
YesFemale hooded-Lister rats received either sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) (2 mg/kg, n=20) or vehicle (1 ml/kg, n=20) i.p. twice daily for seven days, followed by a seven-day washout period. Rats were challenged with acute PCP or vehicle and tested for locomotor activity to ensure hyperactivity was observed in the sub-chronic PCP treated rats. Rats were then tested on the elevated plus maze and in an open field for 10 minutes. Sub-chronic PCP did not significantly affect behaviour on the elevated plus maze or in the open field. In conclusion, sub-chronic PCP does not induce anxiety-like behaviour
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