Performance pay and managerial experience in multitask teams: evidence from within a firm

This article exploits a quasi‐experimental setting to estimate the impact that a commonly used performance‐related pay scheme had on branch performance in a large distribution firm. The scheme, which is based on the Balanced Scorecard, was implemented in all branches in one division but not in another. Branches from the second division are used as a control group. Our results suggest that the Balanced Scorecard had some impact but that it varied with branch characteristics, and, in particular, branches with more experienced managers were better able to respond to the new incentives

Incentives and managerial experience in multi-taskteams: evidence from within a firm

This paper exploits a quasi-experimental setting to estimate the impact thata multi-dimensional group incentive scheme had on branch performance in a largedistribution firm. The scheme, which is based on the Balanced Scorecard, wasimplemented in all branches in one division, but not in another. Branches from thesecond division are used as a control group. Our results suggest that the balancedscorecard had some impact, but that it varied with branch characteristics, and inparticular, branches with more experienced managers were better able to respond tothe new incentives. This paper exploits a quasi-experimental setting to estimate the impact thata multi-dimensional group incentive scheme had on branch performance in a largedistribution firm. The scheme, which is based on the Balanced Scorecard, wasimplemented in all branches in one division, but not in another. Branches from thesecond division are used as a control group. Our results suggest that the balancedscorecard had some impact, but that it varied with branch characteristics, and inparticular, branches with more experienced managers were better able to respond tothe new incentives

Accelerated convergence for incompressible flow calculations

Two improved algorithms which solve the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations, PISO and SIMPLER, are studied. Computations were carried out on progressively finer grids for the driven cavity and flow over a backward-facing step. The effects of relaxation factor, number of grid nodes and number of sweeps through the pressure equations are studied to evaluate the performance of the PISO and SIMPLER schemes. Results show that these improved schemes accelerate the convergence rate of the solution generally by a factor of two as compared to the SIMPLE method

A Legislação No Child Left Behind e os Custos Administrativos: Um Estudo de Recursos Distritos Escolares Dependência

This study considers the impact of federal funding on the administrative expenditures of local school districts since the passage of the No-Child-Left-Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001. Under NCLB, federal education funds were made contingent upon a variety of accountability and reporting standards, creating new administrative costs and challenges for local school districts. According to the premises of resource dependence theory, these increases in administrative costs will likely be most pronounced among those local districts with the greatest reliance on federal revenue. Repeated measures models are constructed for a multi-state sample of public school districts to test the extent to which these policy changes may be influencing administrative expenditures at the local level. While effect sizes are small, the results do demonstrate a significant resource dependence effect, suggesting that districts with greater reliance on federal revenue are experiencing larger increases in administrative expenditures over time.Este estudio analiza el impacto de los fondos federales en los gastos administrativos de los distritos escolares desde la aprobación de la legislación NCLB de 2001. En virtud de la ley NCLB, los fondos federales para la educación ponían como condición una variedad de medidas de responsabilidad educativa y presentación de informes, que generaron nuevos costos administrativos y desafíos para los distritos escolares. De acuerdo con las premisas de la teoría de dependencia de recursos, estos aumentos en los costos administrativos probablemente serán más pronunciados entre los distritos con mayor dependencia de ingresos federales. Generamos modelos de medidas repetidas para una muestra multi-estatal de distritos escolares públicos para poner a prueba el grado en que estos cambios de políticas influirían en los gastos administrativos de los distritos. Mientras que los tamaños del efecto son pequeños, los resultados demuestran un efecto significativo en la dependencia de recursos, lo que sugiere que los distritos con mayor dependencia de ingresos federales están experimentando mayores incrementos en sus gastos administrativos.O presente estudo analisa o impacto dos recursos federais para as despesas administrativas dos distritos escolares, desde a adopção da legislação NCLB em 2001. De acordo com NCLB, o financiamento federal para a educação tinha como condição uma série de medidas responsabilização educacional e relatórios, gerando novos custos administrativos para os distritos escolares. De acordo com os pressupostos da teoria da dependência de recursos, estes aumentos de custos administrativos tendem a ser mais pronunciada entre os distritos com maior dependência das receitas federais. Geramos modelos de medidas repetido para uma amostra multi-estado de distritos escolares públicos para testar em que medida estas mudanças de políticas afetariam os custos administrativos dos distritos. Enquanto os efeitos de tamanhos são pequenos, os resultados mostram um efeito significativo na dependência de recursos, o que sugere que os distritos com maior dependência das receitas federais estão enfrentando maiores aumentos nas despesas administrativas

Reducing numerical diffusion for incompressible flow calculations

A number of approaches for improving the accuracy of incompressible, steady-state flow calculations are examined. Two improved differencing schemes, Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics (QUICK) and Skew-Upwind Differencing (SUD), are applied to the convective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations and compared with results obtained using hybrid differencing. In a number of test calculations, it is illustrated that no single scheme exhibits superior performance for all flow situations. However, both SUD and QUICK are shown to be generally more accurate than hybrid differencing

What are the odds? option-based forecasts of FOMC target changes

This article uses probability forecasts derived from options to assess evolving market uncertainty about Federal Reserve monetary policy actions in a variety of recent events and episodes. Options on federal funds futures contracts reveal a complete probability density function over possible Federal Reserve target rates, thus augmenting the expectations provided by federal funds futures contracts. Option-based forecasts are most useful when more than two federal funds target outcomes are plausible at an upcoming policy meeting.Federal Open Market Committee ; Forecasting ; Monetary policy

Flame radiation and liner heat transfer in a tubular-can combustor

Heat transfer within a combuster were examined. Total and spectral flame radiation in a tubular can combustor at a series of parametric operating conditions was measured. Radiation measurements were taken for a range of inlet air pressures from 0.34 to 2.0 MPa, inlet air temperatures from 533 to 700 K, with two different fuels, Jet-A and ERBS. Measurements of liner temperatures combined with the parametric radiation results allowed a calculation of the combustor liner heat loads. Flame emissivity was determined from the spectral measurements