Stress, heat shock proteins & biotechnological interventions. In: Winter School on Impact of Climate Change on Indian Marine Fisheries held at CMFRI, Cochin 18.1.2008 to 7.2.2008

Fish are exposed to stressors in nature, as well as in artificial conditions such as in aquaculture, or in the laboratory. The increasing contamination of bodies of natural freshwater and marine ecosystem around the world by anthropogenic substances is one category of environmental stressor. Various stressors, such as grading, transportation, and vaccination, are necessary components of modern intensive fish culture. The response of the fish to such stressors involves all levels of organization, from the cell, to the individual organism, to the structure of the population. In as much as the responses of the fish to a stressor is the essence of maintaining homeostasis, it is not surprising that fish respond to a variety of stressors in a generalized way at all these levels of organization. Stress is most often associated with a negative perspective. This is natural as the word and concept in common use is generally associated with a system that is severely challenged, and often fatigued. Experimental biologists are all involved in the practice of systematically imposing some perturbation and measuring a response

Conceptual and methodological problems with the intentional binding effect

by Neelakanteswar Reddy Nagireddy and Jaison Manjal

Supplemental materials for book chapter: Microplastics in Marine Food Webs

The identification of microplastics (MPs; 1 µm - 5 mm) and the inferred presence of nanoplastics (NPs; <1 µm) in a wide variety of marine animals, including many seafood species, has raised important questions about the presence, movement, and impacts of these particles in marine food webs. Understanding microplastic dynamics in marine food webs requires elucidation of the processes involved, including bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and biomagnification. However, in the context of microplastics and nanoplastics these concepts are often misunderstood. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of the literature on the behavior of plastic particles in marine food webs. We find clear evidence of trophic transfer, equivocal evidence for bioaccumulation, and no evidence for biomagnification. We also identify a number of knowledge gaps that limit our ability to draw firm conclusions at this time. These supplemental documents are in support of an invited chapter to be published in this book: S.E. Shumway and J.E. Ward (Eds.) Plastics in the Sea: Occurrence and Impacts (Elsevier 2023).Preparation of this chapter was supported by Woods Hole Sea Grant (Award No. NA18OAR4170104, project R/P–89), a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to J.A.P.; the Gerstner Family Foundation; and the March Marine Initiative, a program of March Limited, Bermuda