First trimester determination of fetal gender by ultrasonographic measurement of anogenital distance: A cross-sectional study

Background: In some patients with a family history of the gender-linked disease, determination of the fetal gender in the first trimester of pregnancy is of importance. In X-linked recessive inherited diseases, only the male embryos are involved, while in some conditions, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, female embryos are affected; hence early determination of fetal gender is important. Objective: The aim of the current study was to predict the gender of the fetus based on the accurate measurement of the fetal anogenital distance (AGD) by ultrasound in the first trimester. Materials and Methods: To determine the AGD and crown-rump length in this cross-sectional study, 316 women with singleton pregnancies were exposed to ultrasonography. The results were then compared with definitive gender of the embryos after birth. Results: The best cut-off for 11 wk to 11 wk, 6 days of pregnancy was 4.5 mm, for 12 wk to 12 wk, 6 days was 4.9 mm, and for 13 wk to 13 wk, 6 days was 4.8 mm. Conclusion: AGD is helpful as an ultrasonographic marker that can determine fetal gender in the first trimester, especially after 12 wks. Key words: Sonography, Gender, Female, Male, Pregnancy, First trimester

High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 among pregnant women in central Iran: correlation with newborn vitamin D3 levels and negative association with gestational age

Objective Hypovitaminosis D3 is a significant concern among pregnant women and their newborns because vitamin D3 (Vit-D3) plays a crucial role in embryonic growth, development, and health. This study aimed to evaluate the Vit-D3 status of a group of pregnant Iranian women and its association with newborn Vit-D3 levels, medical and clinical indices after delivery. Methods A total of 206 pregnant women and their newborns were assessed for Vit-D3 levels and their correlation with gestational age. Mean±standard deviation (SD) or the orders (non-parametric tests) of variables were compared, and correlation estimations were performed to elucidate any differences or associations between groups, with a confidence interval of at least 0.95. Results The mean±SD of mothers’ age and gestational age were 29.65±6.18 years and 35.59±1.6 weeks, respectively. Neonatal Vit-D3 levels were associated with maternal age. Using a 30 ng/mL cutoff point for serum Vit-D3 levels, 83.5% of pregnant women and 84.7% of newborns had hypovitaminosis D3. The average Vit-D3 levels of mothers and newborns at delivery time were 23.5±8.07 ng/mL and 20.76±9.14 ng/mL, respectively. Newborn Vit-D3 levels were positively correlated with maternal Vit-D3 serum levels (R=0.744; P<0.001) and gestational age (R=0.161; P=0.022). In newborns, head circumference was inversely correlated with bilirubin level (R=−0.302; P<0.001) but directly associated with weight (R=0.640; P<0.001). Conclusion Hypovitaminosis D3 remains a significant challenge for pregnant Iranian women. Maternal Vit-D3 levels provide for the newborn’s needs, particularly in the late stages of pregnancy. Therefore, Vit-D3 supplementation and regular monitoring are essential for pregnant women and their newborns

A Quick Review of Avicenna View on Raja's Treatment (Pseudocyesis)

زمینه و هدف: حاملگی کاذب با اصطلاح امید بیهوده، بارداری دروغین و یا رجا در طب ایرانی، بیماری نادری است که فرد توهم بارداری دارد، در حالی‌ که عملاً چنین نیست. هدف تحقیق حاضر، سیری تحلیلی بر دیدگاه حکیم ابوعلی سینا در شناخت و درمان رجا است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه مروری و کتابخانه‌ای، آرا و نظرات ایشان با استفاده از کتاب «القانون فی الطب» در باب این بیماری، از زوایایی تشخیصی و درمانی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جهت تجزیه‌ و تحلیل و نیز مقایسه اطلاعات موجود با سایر محققین، واژه‌های حاملگی دروغین، حاملگی کاذب، شبه‌حاملگی، ابن سینا، طب ایرانی، عصر باستان، در پایگاه‌ها و بانک‌های اطلاعاتی SID، PubMed، Scopus، Science Direct، Magiran، Irandoc، IranMedex، UpToDate، Google Scholar جستجو و مستندات علمی جمع‌بندی شد. یافته‌ها: تعریف روشن از حاملگی کاذب و ارائه روش‌های تشخیص افتراقی و تبیین دلایل ایجاد آن از ویژگی‌های خاص این نوشتار است. ارائه تجویزهای درمانی شامل داروهای محلل و ملین به صورت ضماد، نطولات، کمادات، نشاندن در آبزن و داروهای سقط‌آور از جمله آن‌ها است. اکثر داروهای تجویزی، دارای طبیعت گرم و خشک هستند که برای تعدیل مزاج و رفع سوء مزاج ایجادشده در رحم مفید می‌باشند. نتیجه‌گیری: ابن سینا در مقایسه با حکمای قبل از خود تشخیص افتراقی حاملگی مولار از حاملگی کاذب علل و درمان آن را به وضوح بیان کرده است. نوآوری و خلاقیت در معاینه، تشخیص و بهره‌مندی از درمان‌های هدفمند از ویژگی‌های منحصر به ‌فرد ایشان در درمان این بیماری است که تحقیقات عمیق‌تر در این راستا را طلب می‌کند.Background and Aim:&nbsp;Pseudocyesis with the term "futile hope", "false pregnancy" or "Raja" in Iranian medicine is a rare illness in which an individual has an illusion of pregnancy, while practically not pregnant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Avicenna view of Raja's knowledge and treatment. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;In this review and library, his views and opinions were examined using the Al-Qanoun Fi-al-Tiba book on the disease, from diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. In order to analyze and compare available information with other researchers, false pregnancy, Pseudocyesis, Avicenna, Persian medicine, ancient history, in the SID databases, PubMed, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, UpToDate, Google scholar Search and the scientific documents were summed up. Findings:&nbsp;Specific features of this writing include definition of pseudocyesis and presentation of recognition and expression of reasons for producing it. Presenting therapeutic prescriptions include soluble and laxative drugs, such as hypotension, inflammation, abdominal distension, abortion and abortion drugs. Most prescription drugs are hot and dry in nature, which are useful for modulating the mood and eliminating abnormalities in the uterus. Conclusion:&nbsp;Avicenna in contrast with modern physicians has expressed difference between mole pregnancy and&nbsp;pseudocyesis. Innovation in examination, identification and utilization of targeted treatments are unique features of Avicenna for the treatment of this disorder and more in-depth research studies are requested in this direction. &nbsp; Please cite this article as:&nbsp;Mord Bayati B, Changizi Ashtiyani S, Rajabnejad MR, Najdi N, Jafarypour H. A Quick Review of Avicenna View on Raja's Treatment (Pseudocyesis).&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 9(33): 7-17

نوآوری های ابن سینا در زمینه تسهیل زایمان

Background and Aim: Childbirth is one of the most important natural events in women's lives and pain is a common phenomenon and an inevitable part of childbirth. Therefore, since the past centuries, many efforts have been made by physician to facilitate childbirth. The present study aims to review the innovations of Avicenna as a physician who emphasizes clinical medicine along with observation and his theories have been compared with modern medical science. Methods: In this research, a review using library documents and electronic search using keywords Medical History Labor, Facilitation Methods, Pregnancy, Iranian Medicine, Avicenna, in databases, Scopus PubMed, Proquest, Blackwel, Ovid Google Scholar, Ebsco, methods of facilitating childbirth from Avicenna's point of view and compared with modern medical findings. Ethical Considerations: This research has been done only by relying on library resources and the principle of fidelity and honesty of quoting the used texts, the originality of the sources and avoiding bias in referring to texts or analyzes, has been observed. Results: In the third book, which is about recognizing and treating diseases of the body, chapters on reproductive health and pregnancy complications, infertility, its causes and treatment, fetal sex and embryology, delivery management and difficult birth, abortion and the conditions and management of it have been assigned that by examining the part related to childbirth in this part and comparing them with the current protocols, we will realize their similarity. Perhaps the methods that is common now and originate from Avicenna medicine. From European countries, non-pharmacological methods such as massage and aromatherapy are used to facilitate childbirth. Conclusion: The present study aims to determine methods of facilitating childbirth based on the perspective of the law book. To review ancient medicine and medical history of Iran by providing methods to facilitate childbirth to improve fertility and childbirth. By re-reading Avicenna views on childbirth, we have reached important and practical points and we will find the roots of many modern medicine methods related to childbirth in Avicenna theories and experiences. Please cite this article as: Arabi P, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Salehi M, Shamsi M, Najdi N. Innovations in Facilitating Childbirth View Point Avicenna. Tārīkh-i pizishkī, i.e., Medical History. 2023; 15(48): e10.زمینه و هدف: زایمان یکی از مهم‌ترین وقایع طبیعی زندگی زنان است و درد پدیده‌ای شایع و جزء اجتناب‌ناپذیر از زایمان می‌باشد، لذا از قرون گذشته کوشش‌های فراوانی برای تسهیل زایمان توسط اطبا انجام پذیرفته که مطالعه حاضر با هدف مروری بر نوآوری‌های ابن سینا به عنوان پزشکی که طب بالینی را همراه با مشاهده مورد تأکید قرار داده، انجام و نظریات وی با علم پزشکی نوین مقایسه شده است. روش: در این پژوهش مروری با استفاده از اسناد و مدارک کتابخانه‌ای و جستجوی الکترونیک با استفاده از واژگان کلیدی Medical History Labor، Persian medicine، Facilitation Methods، Pregnancy، Avicenna و طب ایرانی در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Scopus، PubMed، Proquest، Blackwel، Ovid Google Scholar و Ebsco روش‌های تسهیل زایمان از دیدگاه ابن سینا بررسی و با یافته‌های علم پزشکی نوین مقایسه گردیده است. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در پژوهش حاضر جنبه‌های اخلاقی مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای شامل اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: ابن سینا در کتاب سوم قانون که مربوط به شناخت و درمان بیماری‌های بدن است، فصولی را به بهداشت باروری و عوارض بارداری، ناباروی، علل و درمان آن، جنسیت جنین و جنین‌شناسی، اداره زایمان و دشوارزایی، تدبیر دوره نفاس، سقط و شرایط و مدیریت آن اختصاص داده است و از روش‌های غیر دارویی مانند ماساژ و رایحه‌درمانی برای تسهیل زایمان استفاده شده که با مقایسه آن‌ها با پروتکل‌های کنونی شباهت‌های زیادی در این خصوص مشاهده می‌گردد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نظرات ابن سینا در خصوص روش‌های تسهیل زایمان می‌توان آن‌ها را به عنوان پیش‌فرضیات کارازمایی‌های بالینی مورد بررسی و در صورت تأیید از آن‌ها بهره برد تا ضمن احیای طب کهن و تاریخ پزشکی ایران از طریق ارائه روش‌های تسهیل زایمان باعث بهبود شرایط باروری و زایمان گردد