New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 6

Eighteen new to science species, i.e.: 13 taxa from South Korea (Astroplaca loekoesiana S. Y. Kondr., E. Farkas, J.-J. Woo et J.-S. Hur, Buellia ulleungdoensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Candelariella hakulinenii S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Flavoplaca laszloana S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Lichenostigma epiporpidiae S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Mikhtomia geumohdoensis S. Y. Kondr., Liu D. et J.-S. Hur, Orientophila dodongensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Physcia orientostellaris S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Placynthiella hurii S. Y. Kondr. et L. Lőkös, Protoparmeliopsis kopachevskae S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Psoroglaena sunchonensis S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Rufoplaca kaernefeltiana S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Vezdaea poeltiana S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, J. Halda et J.-S. Hur), two species from India (Rusavskia indica S. Y. Kondr. et D. K. Upreti, and R. upretii S. Y. Kondr., G. K. Mishra et S. Nayaka), and two species from Atlantic Europe, i.e.: Spain and Portugal (Xanthoria schummii S. Y. Kondr. and X. lapalmaensis F. Schumm et S. Y. Kondr.), as well as a lichenicolous fungus Leptosphaeria Oxneriae Cl. Roux et S. Y. Kondr. from Asia (Russia and India) are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Forty species of lichen forming and lichenicolous fungi (i.e.: Acarospora cf. rufescens, Agonimia allobata, A. aff. blumii, Anema decipiens, Anisomeridium aff. albisedum, Bacidia laurocerasi, Cercidospora aff. epipolytropa, C. aff. lobothallia, Dictyocatenulata alba, Fuscopannaria dissecta, Lecanora ussuriensis, Lecidella aff. carpatica, Lemmopsis arnoldiana, Leptosphaeria crozalsii, Lichenostigma cf. bolacinae, L. aff. rupicolae, Lichinella stipatula, L. cribellifera, L. iodopulchra, L. aff. myriospora, Melaspilea proximella, Micarea alabastrites, Opegrapha aff. thelotrematis, Orientophila leucerythrella, Pectenia plumbea, Placynthium tantaleum, Porpidia flavicunda, Psorula rufonigra, Pyrenocarpon aff. thelostomum, Pyrenodesmia duplicata, Pyrenopsis aff. haematina, Ramboldia haematites, Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans, Rimularia gibbosa, Rinodina oxydata, Staurothele frustulenta, Stigmidium cf. clauzadei, Strigula australiensis, Thelenella luridella, Vezdaea leprosa) are for the first time recorded for Korea. Additional locality records for South Korea (74 species) and China (3 species) are also given. Four new combinations, i.e.: Orientophila chejuensis (for Caloplaca chejuensis S. Y. Kondr. et Hur), Orientophila diffluens (for Lecanora diffluens Hue), Orientophila leucerythrella (for Lecanora leucerythrella Nyl.), and Pyrenodesmia duplicata (for Lecanora duplicata Vain.) are also proposed

Studi Sistem Manajemen Tanggap Darurat PT. Pupuk Kaltim

Hampir di setiap tempat kerja selalu terdapat potensi sumber bahaya, atau dengan kata lain pasti terdapat risiko terjadinya suatu kecelakaan dan bencana, terlebih pada perusahaan-perusahaan yang menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia tentu mempunyai potensi bahaya yang lebih besar. Antara lain bencana kebakaran besar, ledakan besar, penyebaran gas beracun atau uap berbahaya lainnya. Bahaya adalah kondisi biologis, kimia dan fisik yang berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan terhadap manusia, harta benda dan lingkungan. Bahaya dapat berupa peralatan kerja atau bahan baku produk. Jika suatu bahaya terjadi di luar prediksi manusia dan tidak mampu ditanggulangi, maka bahaya tersebut dinamakan suatu resiko. Setiap perusahaan tentu saja menginginkan semua asetnya aman dan dapat berfungsi baik, oleh sebab itu pencegahan dan penanggulangan kondisi bencana dan keadaan darurat perlu mendapatkan perhatian sungguh-sungguh. Memang disadari keadaan aman sepenuhnya tidak mungkin tercapai sepenuhnya, karena selau terdapat kemungkinan adanya faktor yang tidak diperhitungkan sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu pada semua industri tidaklah cukup apabila manajemen beserta jajarannya hanya melakukan perencanaan untuk keadaan operasi normal, melainkan harus membuat perencanaan dan persiapan dalam keadaan darurat

Free and bound phenolic antioxidants in amla (Emblica officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa)

The antioxidant activity of free and bound phenolics of amla (Emblica officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) was investigated. The Emblica officinalis free (EOFP) and bound phenolics (EOBP) showed between four- to 10-fold higher levels of antioxidant activity as evaluated by both free radical scavenging and reducing power assays compared to that of Curcuma longa free (CLFP) and bound phenolics (CLBP). Higher level of antioxidant activity in E. officinalis has been attributed to the phenolic content (12.9, w/w, correlation coefficient R=0.74) in them. The free and bound phenolics of E. officinalis showed high content of phenolic compounds (126 and 3.0mg/g) compared to that of C. longa (29.7 and 1.6mg/g). Gallic acid and tannic acid were identified as the major antioxidant components in phenolic fractions of E. officinalis. The antioxidant activity of CLFP could be attributed to curcumin and that of CLBP to ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Further, the extracts of both E. officinalis and C. longa also exhibited significant protection to DNA against oxidative damage as evidenced by migration of DNA on the agarose gel. Our results clearly suggest the presence of potent antioxidants such as gallic acid in E. officinalis and protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid in C. longa, in addition to the known ascorbic acid and curcumin in E. officinalis and C. longa, respectively

Influence of gamma radiation on optical properties of Halloysite nanotubes incorporated polycarbonate nanocomposites

In the current research investigation, polycarbonate/ hallyosite nanotubes (PC/HNTs) nanocomposite (NC) films have been successfully fabricated by solution intercalation technique using ultrasound energy in facile way which helps complete exfoliation of the HNTs in the matrix. The effect of Gamma irradiation-induced modifications of PC/HNTs NC have been studied in the dose range 200–500 kGy, irradiated with Co60 source. The NC films have been evaluated by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques in order to probe the effect of gamma radiation on the structural behaviors. The obtained results have been indicated that as the Gamma irradiation dosage increases from 200 to 500 kGy, phenolic group forms through scissoring of ester link of PC, which may cause PC to degrade and lose their property. At lower dosage (200 kGy), the effect is less and at higher dosage (500 kGy), the effect is significant and at 300 and 400 kGy, the effect is moderate and NC films retained their properties. The irradiation effect is most significant and effective at the higher dosage range. UV–visible spectroscopy shows a noticeable reduction in the energy band gap due to gamma irradiation

Free and bound phenolic antioxidants in amla (Emblica officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa)

The antioxidant activity of free and bound phenolics of amla (Emblica officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) was investigated. The Emblica officinalis free (EOFP) and bound phenolics (EOBP) showed between four- to 10-fold higher levels of antioxidant activity as evaluated by both free radical scavenging and reducing power assays compared to that of Curcuma longa free (CLFP) and bound phenolics (CLBP). Higher level of antioxidant activity in E. officinalis has been attributed to the phenolic content (12.9, w/w, correlation coefficient R=0.74) in them. The free and bound phenolics of E. officinalis showed high content of phenolic compounds (126 and 3.0mg/g) compared to that of C. longa (29.7 and 1.6mg/g). Gallic acid and tannic acid were identified as the major antioxidant components in phenolic fractions of E. officinalis. The antioxidant activity of CLFP could be attributed to curcumin and that of CLBP to ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Further, the extracts of both E. officinalis and C. longa also exhibited significant protection to DNA against oxidative damage as evidenced by migration of DNA on the agarose gel. Our results clearly suggest the presence of potent antioxidants such as gallic acid in E. officinalis and protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid in C. longa, in addition to the known ascorbic acid and curcumin in E. officinalis and C. longa, respectively

Evaluation of new pyrazole derivatives for their biological activity: Structure-activity relationship

A series of new 3-Aryl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonitriles (1) were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against four different organisms. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC's) was determined against each organism. The compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity and reducing power ability. The effect of substitution on the activity, and the 0possible structure activity relationship mechanism of the compounds for their antioxidant activity are presented

Current Taxonomy of the Lichen Family Teloschistaceae from India with Descriptions of New Species

The present study recorded 36 genera and 115 species of the lichen family Teloschistaceae in India. Three species, i.e. Caloplaca rajasthanica S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et G. P. Sinha, Huriella upretiana S. Y. Kondr., G. K. Mishra, Nayaka et A. Thell, and Squamulea uttarkashiana S. Y. Kondr., Upreti, Nayaka et A. Thell, are described as new species. Seven new combinations, i.e. Fulgogasparrea awasthii (Y. Joshi et Upreti) S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et A. Thell, Neobrownliella cinnabarina (Ach.) S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et A. Thell, Neobrownliella holochracea (Nyl.) S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et A. Thell, Opeltia flavorubescens (Huds.) S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur, Oxneriopsis bassiae (Willd. ex Ach.) S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et J.-S. Hur, Upretia hueana (B. de Lesd.) S. Y. Kondr. et Upreti and Megaspora subpoliotera (Y. Joshi et Upreti) S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et A. Thell, are proposed based on nrITS phylogeny in the Teloschistaceae and Megasporaceae consequently. Validation of combination Olegblumia demissa is provided. Molecular data on Fulgogasparrea awasthii and Megaspora subpoliotera are recorded from India for the first time. Four new genera including one species each, i.e. Lazarenkoiopsis ussuriensis (Oxner, S. Y. Kondr. et Elix) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös et J.-S. Hur, Mikhtomia gordejevii (Tomin) S. Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell, J. Kim, A. S. Kondratiuk et J.-S. Hur, Olegblumia demissa (Flot.) S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös, J. Kim, A. S. Kondratiuk, S.-O. Oh et J.-S. Hur and Pachypeltis intrudens (H. Magn.) Søchting, Frödén et Arup, as well as the genus Megaspora are reported as new for the Indian lichen biota. Out of the eight lichenogeographical regions of India, the Western Himalayas show the maximum diversity of Teloschistaceae members represented with 110 species followed by the Central Indian region with 38 species. The lichen genus Caloplaca is represented with 50 species in the country followed by Athallia and Rusavskia with 6 species each. The saxicolous taxa exhibit dominance with 65 species whereas the corticolous and terricolous taxa are represented by 48 and 9 species, respectively. Among the different states of India, Uttarakhand showed the maximum diversity represented by 54 species followed by the state of Jammu & Kashmir with 37 species, whereas the Jharkhand and Meghalaya states are represented only by the occurrence of a single species each. A key to the genera and species together with the description, basionyms and synonyms of each species are provided

Silicon-titanium nanocomposite synthesized via the direct electrolysis of SiO2/TiO2 precursor in molten salt and their performance as the anode material for lithium ion batteries

Silicon-titanium nanocomposite synthesized via the direct electrolysis of SiO2/TiO2 precursor in molten salt and their performance as the anode material for lithium ion batterie

Prospects of molecular markers in Fusarium species diversity

Recent developments in genomics have opened up for newer opportunities to study the diversity and classification of fungi. The genus Fusarium contains many plant pathogens that attack diverse agricultural crops. Fusarium spp. are not only pathogenic to plants but are also known as toxin producers that negatively affect animal and human health. The identification of Fusarium species still remains one of the most critical issues in fungal taxonomy, given that the number of species recognized in the genus has been constantly changing in the last century due to the different taxonomic systems. This review focuses of various molecular-based techniques employed to study the diversity of Fusarium species causing diseases in major food crops. An introduction of fusarial diseases and their mycotoxins and molecular-marker-based methods for detection introduce the concept of marker application. Various well-known molecular techniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplification fragment length polymorphism, etc. to more modern ones such as DNA microarrays, DNA barcoding, and pyrosequencing and their application form the core of the review. Target regions in the genome which can be potential candidates for generation of probes and their use in phylogeny of Fusarium spp. are also presented. The concluding part emphasizes the value of molecular markers for assessing genetic variability and reveals that molecular tools are indispensable for providing information not only of one Fusarium species but on whole fungal community. This will be of extreme value for diagnosticians and researchers concerned with fungal biology, ecology, and genetics