Saberes, poderes e os dilemas das relações socioambientais

In the last years the expression environment and the concern in relation to it became common. However, the environmental question, nowadays a social and sociological problem, has been constructed along human history, gaining new and different aspects and leading to different types of conflicts. Under an apparent “consensus†about the importance of the environment there are power conflicts to define, among others, the meaning of environment, the origin and solutions of the environmental problems and the forms of relations between society and nature, which influence the entire functioning of the society. A first step to advance in the discussion about this theme may be understanding that environment or nature is not so “naturalâ€. Therefore, we propose to discuss how the predominant conceptions about solid scope we point out the environmental conflicts in public policies that have been reinforcing the importance of changes in power relations so that a serious an consistent environmental policy can be developed. The elaboration of this discussion was supported by the thoughts of Pierre Bourdieu, Andrew Vincent, Karl Polanyi, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, among others.social-environmental relations, conflicts, power,

Tourism Networks: an analysis of the tourism policy of the State of Minas Gerais - Brazil

O estado de Minas Gerais, atualmente, atua no sentido de regionalizar e descentralizar o setor de turismo, integrando diversos municípios que possuem características em comum, por meiode circuitos turísticos. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar a dinâmica entre os atores que compõem os circuitos turísticos de Minas Gerais. Na primeiraetapa da pesquisa, foi realizada uma macroanálise dos circuitos mineiros, os dados foramobtidos por meio dos órgãos gestores dos circuitos turísticos. Na segunda etapa, foramrealizadas entrevistas com os atores-chave da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo de Minas Gerais e da Federação dos Circuitos Turísticos de Minas Gerais que apareceram na primeiraetapa, para aprofundar nas análises sobre o inter-relacionamento desses atores. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a existência de um novo ator que apresenta ter uma importância fundamental para os circuitos, como também os interesses comuns e conflitantes dos atores e seus espaços de negociação. Finalmente, considera-se que existem estratégias conjuntas entre os circuitos, mas que ainda são muito embrionárias e que a percepção de alguns atores sociais a respeito deredes é um tanto quanto superficial.El estado de Minas Gerais, ahora trabaja para regionalizar y descentralizar el sectorturístico mediante la integración de varios municipios que tienen características en común, através de circuito turístico. Este estudio se realizó con el fin de caracterizar la dinámica entrelos actores que componen el tour de Minas Gerais. En la primera etapa de la investigación sellevó a cabo un análisis macro de los mineros de los circuitos, los datos fueron obtenidos através de los órganos rectores de los circuitos turísticos. En la segunda fase, se realizaronentrevistas con actores clave de la Secretaría de Estado de Turismo de Minas Gerais y la Federación de Circuitos Turísticos de Minas Gerais, que apareció en el primer paso paraprofundizar el análisis sobre la interrelación de estos actores. Los resultados obtenidossugieren la existencia de un nuevo actor que tiene que tener una importancia fundamental para los circuitos, así como los conflictos de intereses comunes y de los actores y sus espacios de negociación. Finalmente, se considera que existen estrategias conjuntas entre los circuitos, pero siguen siendo embrionario y la percepción de algunos actores sobre las redessociales es algo superficial.The state of Minas Gerais currently acts towards regionalization and decentralization of thetourism sector, integrating several municipalities that share characteristics, through Tourist Circuits. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamics among the actors who set the Tourist Circuits in Minas Gerais. In the first stage of the survey, a macro analysis of the mineiros circuits, the data were obtained in the Tourist Circuits management organs. In thesecond phase interviews were made with the key actors in the Secretaria de Estado do Turismo de Minas Gerais and the Federação dos Circuitos Turísticos de Minas Gerais, identified in the first phase, in order to deepen the analysis of the interrelationship amongthose actors. The results obtained suggest the existence a new actor was identified whopresents fundamental importance for the circuits, the existence of common and conflictinginterests among actors and their negotiation spaces was also identified. Finally, it is considered that there are combined strategies among the circuits, but they are still veryembryonic and that the perception of some social actors regarding the networks is verysuperficia

ELEMENTOS MOTIVADORES DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL EM UMA UNIDADE PRODUTORA LEITEIRA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA HOLANDA

The environmental impact caused not only on agriculture but also for all economic production has changed the development model adopted by society. Several proposals are presented regarding the control of environment impact, which goes worse every day. Thus, some organizations have changed their practices related to the environment, by introducing principles of environmental management and sustainability. However, the purposes of an organization do not always correspond to favorable environmental practices. Motivated by these contradictions this case study was carried out in The Netherlands. The objectives of this study are understanding the incorporation of the environmental variable, finding out the factors that motivate such incorporation, as well as defining the environmental behavior of a Dutch dairy farm. The results showed that this organization will not arouse serious environmental impact, but it was verified that there is a common behavior of “putting out the fire†in the production process when it comes to environmental problems, characterizing its behavior as more reactive than active. In terms of theorical purposes versus actually executed practices the behavior of the organization can be defined as being somewhere between a responsible and a follower organization. The incorporation of the environmental variable by the use of environmentally correct practices was motivated by an external element which is the existence of an environmental legislation instead of an environmental conscience.environmental management, organizational behavior, Dutch dairy farm.,

Diagnóstico Organizacional Participativo: Potenciais e Limites na Análise de Organizações

A crescente complexidade que envolve as organizações e o ambiente em que se inserem tem levado seus membros e os pesquisadores da área de administração a contínuas buscas de novas e mais adequadas abordagens para análises que contribuam para o desenvolvimento organizacional. Entretanto, observa-se que a maior parte desses esforços teóricos ou práticos não tem alcançado os resultados desejados, pois a gama de métodos disponíveis, com as mais distintas características, não tem conseguido apreender as contradições e conexões que compõem as organizações. Caracteriza-se uma necessidade urgente de adaptar esses métodos científicos tradicionais. Uma proposta para melhor compreensão organizacional seria a utilização do Diagnóstico Organizacional Participativo. O presente artigo propõe-se a avaliar as possibilidades de adaptação dessa metodologia às necessidades de mudança enfrentadas atualmente, bem como discutir as limitações e restrições à sua aplicabilidade, dentro do contexto atual das organizações e da sociedade

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Saberes, poderes e os dilemas das relações socioambientais

In the last years the expression environment and the concern in relation to it became common. However, the environmental question, nowadays a social and sociological problem, has been constructed along human history, gaining new and different aspects and leading to different types of conflicts. Under an apparent “consensus” about the importance of the environment there are power conflicts to define, among others, the meaning of environment, the origin and solutions of the environmental problems and the forms of relations between society and nature, which influence the entire functioning of the society. A first step to advance in the discussion about this theme may be understanding that environment or nature is not so “natural”. Therefore, we propose to discuss how the predominant conceptions about solid scope we point out the environmental conflicts in public policies that have been reinforcing the importance of changes in power relations so that a serious an consistent environmental policy can be developed. The elaboration of this discussion was supported by the thoughts of Pierre Bourdieu, Andrew Vincent, Karl Polanyi, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, among others

SIGNIFICADOS DE LUTA: UM OLHAR SOBRE A “CONQUISTA DE TERRAS” NA ZONA DA MATA DE MINAS GERAIS

This paper proposes a consideration on an experience of access to land developed in Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais state, since the 80’s by familiar farmers, a Labor Union of Farmers and a Non-Governmental Organization that were acting in the area. The research used qualitative methodology and it was developed in three stages that allowed the reconstruction of the experience trajectory by means of documents and interviews with technicians, farmers, agriculture workers, and also with some people that did not participate, but followed the process at distance. The experience, named “Conquest of lands”, made possible to farmers and agriculture workers the acquirement of a piece of land by using loans made among the farmers and also from a rotational fund (created in the 90’s) with this purpose. The idea of accesses does not restrict itself to property, but also includes the development of alternative forms of production (agroecology), strengthening of farmers and agriculture workers organization, the valuation of agriculture workers know-how, and the active insertion of them in the market and in local politics. The experience involved directly until 2006 110 families that had access to 489 ha of land. In the “conquest of lands”, the fight is not only for the acquirement of a piece of land, but for the search for creation and consolidation of dignified conditions of life from the land exploring according to alternative practices of production and organization

Redes do Turismo: uma análise da política de turismo do estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil

<strong><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">Resumo<strong><span style="color: black"></span></strong></font></font></strong> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6pt 0cm" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: black">O estado de Minas Gerais, atualmente, atua no sentido de regionalizar e descentralizar o setor de turismo, integrando diversos municípios que possuem características em comum, por meio de circuitos turísticos. </span><span style="color: black">O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de </span><span style="color: black">caracterizar a dinâmica entre os atores que compõem os circuitos turísticos de Minas Gerais. </span><span style="color: black">Na primeira etapa da pesquisa, foi </span><span style="color: black">realizada uma macroanálise dos circuitos mineiros, os dados foram obtidos por meio dos órgãos gestores dos circuitos turísticos. Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas com os atores-chave da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo de Minas Gerais e da Federação dos Circuitos Turísticos de Minas Gerais que apareceram na primeira etapa, para aprofundar nas análises sobre o inter-relacionamento desses atores. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a existência de um novo ator que apresenta ter uma importância fundamental para os circuitos, como também os interesses comuns e conflitantes dos atores e seus espaços de negociação. Finalmente, considera-se que existem estratégias conjuntas entre os circuitos, mas que ainda são muito embrionárias e que a percepção de alguns atores sociais a respeito de redes é um tanto quanto superficial.</span></font></font></p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>políticas públicas; redes de atores; circuitos turísticos.<strong></strong></font></font><strong><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></strong><strong><em><span><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">Abstract</font></font></span></em></strong><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><em><span style="color: black">The state of Minas Gerais currently acts towards regionalization and decentralization of the tourism sector, integrating several municipalities that share characteristics, through Tourist Circuits. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamics among the actors who set the Tourist Circuits in Minas Gerais. In the first stage of the survey, a macro analysis of the mineiros circuits, the data were obtained in the Tourist Circuits management organs. In the second phase interviews were made with the key actors in the Secretaria de Estado do Turismo de Minas Gerais and the Federação dos Circuitos Turísticos de Minas Gerais, identified in the first phase, in order to deepen the analysis of the interrelationship among those actors. The results obtained suggest the existence a new actor was identified who presents fundamental importance for the circuits, the existence of common and conflicting interests among actors and their negotiation spaces was also identified. Finally, it is considered that there are combined strategies among the circuits, but they are still very embryonic and that the perception of some social actors regarding the networks is very superficial.</span></em><strong><em><span></span></em></strong></font></font><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><em><span>Keywords:</span></em></strong><em><span> public policy; actors networks; tourist circuits.<strong></strong></span></em></font></font><strong><em><span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></span></em></strong><strong><em><span><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">Resumen</font></font></span></em></strong><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="hps"><em><span>El estado de</span></em></span><em><span> <span class="hps">Minas</span> <span class="hps">Gerais</span>, <span class="hps">ahora trabaja</span> <span class="hps">para regionalizar</span> <span class="hps">y descentralizar</span> <span class="hps">el sector turístico</span> <span class="hps">mediante la integración de</span> <span class="hps">varios municipios</span> <span class="hps">que tienen características</span> <span class="hps">en común</span>, a través de <span class="hps">circuito turístico</span>. <span class="hps">Este estudio se realizó</span> <span class="hps">con el fin de</span> <span class="hps">caracterizar la dinámica</span> <span class="hps">entre</span> <span class="hps">los actores que</span> <span class="hps">componen el tour</span> <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">Minas</span> <span class="hps">Gerais</span>. <span class="hps">En la primera etapa</span> <span class="hps">de la investigación</span> <span class="hps">se llevó a cabo</span> <span class="hps">un análisis</span> <span class="hps">macro</span> <span class="hps">de los mineros de</span> <span class="hps">los circuitos</span>, los datos fueron <span class="hps">obtenidos a través de</span> <span class="hps">los órganos rectores de</span> <span class="hps">los circuitos turísticos</span>. <span class="hps">En la segunda fase</span>, se realizaron entrevistas <span class="hps">con actores clave</span> <span class="hps">de la Secretaría de</span> <span class="hps">Estado de Turismo</span> <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">Minas</span> <span class="hps">Gerais</span> <span class="hps">y la Federación de</span> <span class="hps">Circuitos Turísticos</span> <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">Minas</span> <span class="hps">Gerais</span>, que apareció en <span class="hps">el primer paso para</span> <span class="hps">profundizar el análisis</span> <span class="hps">sobre la interrelación</span> <span class="hps">de estos actores</span>. <span class="hps">Los resultados obtenidos sugieren</span> <span class="hps">la existencia de un</span> <span class="hps">nuevo actor que</span> <span class="hps">tiene que tener una</span> <span class="hps">importancia fundamental para</span> <span class="hps">los circuitos</span>, así como <span class="hps">los conflictos de intereses</span> <span class="hps">comunes y</span> <span class="hps">de los actores y</span> <span class="hps">sus espacios de</span> <span class="hps">negociación.</span> <span class="hps">Finalmente</span>, <span class="hps">se considera que</span> <span class="hps">existen</span> <span class="hps">estrategias conjuntas entre</span> <span class="hps">los circuitos</span>, <span class="hps">pero siguen siendo</span> <span class="hps">embrionario y</span> <span class="hps">la percepción de algunos</span> <span class="hps">actores</span> <span class="hps">sobre las redes sociales</span> <span class="hps">es algo</span> <span class="hps">superficial.</span></span></em><strong><em><span></span></em></strong></font></font> <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 6pt 0cm" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><em><span>Palabras clave:</span></em></strong><em><span> políticas públicas; redes de actores; circuito turístico.</span></em></font></font></p&gt

ELEMENTOS MOTIVADORES DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL EM UMA UNIDADE PRODUTORA LEITEIRA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA HOLANDA

The environmental impact caused not only on agriculture but also for all economic production has changed the development model adopted by society. Several proposals are presented regarding the control of environment impact, which goes worse every day. Thus, some organizations have changed their practices related to the environment, by introducing principles of environmental management and sustainability. However, the purposes of an organization do not always correspond to favorable environmental practices. Motivated by these contradictions this case study was carried out in The Netherlands. The objectives of this study are understanding the incorporation of the environmental variable, finding out the factors that motivate such incorporation, as well as defining the environmental behavior of a Dutch dairy farm. The results showed that this organization will not arouse serious environmental impact, but it was verified that there is a common behavior of “putting out the fire” in the production process when it comes to environmental problems, characterizing its behavior as more reactive than active. In terms of theorical purposes versus actually executed practices the behavior of the organization can be defined as being somewhere between a responsible and a follower organization. The incorporation of the environmental variable by the use of environmentally correct practices was motivated by an external element which is the existence of an environmental legislation instead of an environmental conscience