BIM for sustainable management in existing hospitals

The main objective of this communication is to determine the characteristics and requirements of the BIM model, in particular in relation to the BPS energy analysis, to be used as a project tool that supports sustainable management in existing hospital establishments. With this objective, BIM architectural models and environmental simulations of representative buildings in Chile and Spain were carried out to review and propose attributes of sustainable models that allow a better adaptation to growth and flexibility from the early stages of design and restructuring. This study associates low energy consumption strategies for hospital establishments. The study is aimed at the integral management of both the operation of the building and all the services involved in its use and explotation. This will allow to discuss the paradigm changes regarding the training of the architect and the specialists involved in the design, construction and operation of more sustainable projects.Metodología para la valoración de los requisitos de confort, condiciones ambientales y funcionalidad espacial de los hospitales y su entorno. Adecuación de propuestas a nuevos conceptos hospitalarios. Ref.: BIA2016-78893-C3-1-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Peasant strategies for the use and conservation of native corn in Juchitepec, Estado de México

ABSTRACT Objective: To gather some knowledge on maize landraces evolution within Juchitepec municipality, as well as describe and analyze those strategies carried out by peasant families in its use and conservation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey on 20 farmers from Juchitepec municipality was carried out, they were randomly sampled from “Producción para el bienestar” state program beneficiaries list. Additionally, a series of key informants semi-structured interviews were taken prior to the survey in order to address the main topics of importance in relation to maize within the region. Results: The studied population presented an advanced age (=61), nonetheless some young farmers has an important role within their production units. 75% own less than 6 Ha, mostly on ejido land. 89% maintains maize landraces cultivation. This task is achieved through adapting their practices and knowledge to specific conditions on cropfields. Some adjustments are made i.e.: changing sowing date, using different varieties or species, alternating crop fields. 17% grows hybrid maize varieties. Two native introduced landraces were identified, Ancho y Cacahuacintle, as a way of improving farmers’ income. Some practices like the “de dos” cultivation are suffering changes as a result of machinery and economic resources availability. 100% of farmers use chemical fertilizers and herbicides. Commercialization of corn husk is an important economic activity. Seed exchange is frecuent, commonly between same community members. Ozumba market represents an important commercialization channel for native maize. Government settled prices for maize in 2019 weren´t high enough for native maize. Juchitepec farmers don´t get organized for maize production purposes. 65% consider themselves campesinos. Limitations on study/implications: Local agrarian system studies focused on peasant strategies should consider changes in behavior of peasants under different circumstances in order to better understand its adaptability. Findings/conclusions: Native maize survives within Juchitepec region sustained by peasants through knowledge and strategies applied on the reproduction and recreation of this varieties. Peasant strategies strengthen native maize conservation. Keywords: in situ conservation, plant genetic resources, traditional knowledgeObjective: To determine the evolution that native corn has had in the municipality of Juchitepec, as well as to describe and analyze the strategies that peasants families are currently implementing for its use and conservation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was carried out with 20 peasants in the municipality of Juchitepec, chosen from a random sample obtained from the register of the Producción para el Bienestar program. Additionally, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, in order to identify the most important issues around corn in the region. Results: An elderly population was found (=61), but with some young people working decisively in its production units. Seventy-five percent own less than 6 ha, mostly communal land property. Eighty-nine percent of the farmers interviewed continue to grow native corn. They achieve this by adapting their practices and knowledge to the soil and climate conditions of their plots, modifying, for example, the sowing date, the variety or species cultivated, and the place of cultivation. Seventeen percent grow hybrid corn. Two native varieties have recently been introduced as a strategy to obtain greater profitability: ancho and cacahuacintle. Some practices are being modified based on the equipment and the economic resources available, such as the “de dos” labor that only 50% of the farmers carry out. Eighty percent do not have agricultural equipment. The use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides is widespread. The sale of corn husks is an economically important activity. Peasants frequently exchange seeds, usually with other members of their own community. The Ozumba market represents a vitally important marketing channel for native corn. The guaranteed prices established in 2019 were low for this type of corn. Peasants are not formally organized for corn cultivation. Sixty-five percent consider themselves peasants. Study limitations/implications: The study of local agrarian systems with a focus on peasant strategies should contemplate acting under different circumstances, preferably in several work cycles, to better understand their adaptability. Findings/conclusions: Native corn survives in the region, preserved in a socio-productive system based on peasant knowledges, strategies and socio-technical practices that enable its reproduction and recreation. Peasant strategies for the cultivation and use of these corns strengthen their conservation

Tillage versus no-tillage. soil properties and hydrology in an organic persimmon farm in eastern Iberian Peninsula

There is an urgent need to implement environmentally friendly agriculture management practices to achieve the Sustainable Goals for Development (SDGs) of the United Nations by 2030. Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by intense and millennia-old tillage management and as a consequence degraded soil. No-Tillage has been widely examined as a solution for soil degradation but No-Tillage relies more on the application of herbicides that reduce plant cover, which in turn enhances soil erosion. However, No-Tillage with weed cover should be researched to promote organic farming and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we compare Tillage against No-Tillage using weed cover as an alternative strategy to reduce soil losses in persimmon plantations, both of them under organic farming management. To achieve these goals, two plots were established at "La Canyadeta" experimental station on 25-years old Persimmon plantations, which are managed with Tillage and No-Tillage for 3 years. A survey of the soil cover, soil properties, runoff generation and initial soil losses using rainfall simulation experiments at 55 mm h-1 in 0.25 m2 plot was carried out. Soils under Tillage are bare (96.7%) in comparison to the No-Tillage (16.17% bare soil), with similar organic matter (1.71 vs. 1.88%) and with lower bulk densities (1.23 vs. 1.37 g cm3). Tillage induces faster ponding (60 vs. 92 s), runoff (90 vs. 320 s) and runoff outlet (200 vs. 70 s). The runoff discharge was 5.57 times higher in the Tillage plots, 8.64 for sediment concentration and 48.4 for soil losses. We conclude that No-tillage shifted the fate of the tilled field after 3 years with the use of weeds as a soil cover conservation strategy. This immediate effect of No-Tillage under organic farming conditions is very promising to achieve the SDGs

A Vast Thin Plane of Co-rotating Dwarf Galaxies Orbiting the Andromeda Galaxy

Dwarf satellite galaxies are thought to be the remnants of the population of primordial structures that coalesced to form giant galaxies like the Milky Way. An early analysis noted that dwarf galaxies may not be isotropically distributed around our Galaxy, as several are correlated with streams of HI emission, and possibly form co-planar groups. These suspicions are supported by recent analyses, and it has been claimed that the apparently planar distribution of satellites is not predicted within standard cosmology, and cannot simply represent a memory of past coherent accretion. However, other studies dispute this conclusion. Here we report the existence (99.998% significance) of a planar sub-group of satellites in the Andromeda galaxy, comprising approximately 50% of the population. The structure is vast: at least 400 kpc in diameter, but also extremely thin, with a perpendicular scatter <14.1 kpc (99% confidence). Radial velocity measurements reveal that the satellites in this structure have the same sense of rotation about their host. This finding shows conclusively that substantial numbers of dwarf satellite galaxies share the same dynamical orbital properties and direction of angular momentum, a new insight for our understanding of the origin of these most dark matter dominated of galaxies. Intriguingly, the plane we identify is approximately aligned with the pole of the Milky Way's disk and is co-planar with the Milky Way to Andromeda position vector. The existence of such extensive coherent kinematic structures within the halos of massive galaxies is a fact that must be explained within the framework of galaxy formation and cosmology.Comment: Published in the 3rd Jan 2013 issue of Nature. 19 pages, 4 figures, 1 three-dimensional interactive figure. To view and manipulate the 3-D figure, an Adobe Reader browser plug-in is required; alternatively save to disk and view with Adobe Reade

Histerectomía total laparoscópica asistida por robot: Experiencia de Clínica Indisa

Se comunica la experiencia y los resultados obtenidos de 110 casos de histerectomía total laparoscópica asistida por robot entre junio de 2010 y abril de 2013 en Clínica Indisa. Parámetros evaluados: diagnóstico, edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), tiempo de instalación de trócares (TT), tiempo operatorio (TO), conversión a laparotomía, sangrado, dolor postoperatorio, estadía hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias. Los diagnósticos preoperatorios más frecuentes fueron: miomatosis y adenomiosis. El promedio de edad fue de 45 años y de IMC 25,8 kg/m2, 7% de las pacientes con IMC mayor de 35. TT promedio de 14 min y TO fue de 81 min. No hubo conversión a laparotomía. Sangrado promedio de 17 ml. A las 48 horas pos intervención el 100% de las pacientes presentó un test de EVA de 0-2. Promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue 1,6 días. Hubo tres complicaciones postoperatorias: una neumonía, un desgarro vulvar y una dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal. Conclusión: La histerectomía total laparoscópica asistida por robot es una técnica segura y ofrece ventajas al paciente y cirujano

Bases de datos no convencionales: índices y lenguajes de consulta

En la actualidad es muy común suministrar una imagen a un buscador y esperar que este localice, imágenes parecidas a la provista. Escenarios como este requieren el desarrollo de aplicaciones capaces de manipular datos no convencionales como imágenes, audio, video, secuencias de ADN, texto, huellas digitales, etc., almacenarlos y obtener información desde ellos, para responder eficientemente consultas que realicen los usuarios. Claramente, es necesario utilizar depósitos especializados de datos y técnicas de búsquedas no exactas sobre ellos, porque las soluciones tradicionales no permiten hacer frente a tales requerimientos. En este ámbito es muy raro comparar por igualdad exacta, siendo generalmente las consultas por objetos similares a uno dado. Por lo tanto, ademas de requerir una respuesta rápida y adecuada y un eficiente uso del espacio disponible, es necesario utilizar modelos generales en los cuales se puedan utilizar estructuras de datos especializadas que contemplen estos aspectos, como lo son las Bases de Datos Métricas y que si se consideran bases de datos masivas, dichas estructuras en particular sean, en particular, estructuras de datos con I/O eficiente. Otro aspecto importante son los lenguajes de consulta, necesarios para la manipulación de una base de datos, que no siempre poseen el poder expresivo necesario para expresar las consultas consideradas de interés en este modelo. Así, nuestra investigación pretende contribuir a la consolidación de este nuevo modelo de bases de datos.Eje: Base de Datos y Minería de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Aportes al modelo de bases de datos métricas

La computación se ha vuelto indispensable en cualquier ámbito de la vida moderna: ciencias, arte, educación, finanzas, diversión, etc., por lo que se hizo prioritario el desarrollo de aplicaciones capaces de manipular casi cualquier tipo de datos. Para lograr un alcance masivo, muchas de estas aplicaciones son cada vez más intuitivas; por ejemplo, es común ingresar una imagen o un trozo de canción a un buscador y esperar que éste muestre imágenes o canciones parecidas a la provista. Claramente, para lograr la manipulación eficiente de datos como imágenes, audio, video, secuencias de ADN, texto, huellas digitales, etc., es necesario utilizar depósitos especializados y técnicas de búsquedas no exactas sobre ellos, ya que las soluciones tradicionales no permiten hacer frente a tales requerimientos. Las Bases de Datos Métricas son uno de los modelos generales en los cuales se pueden utilizar estructuras de datos especializadas que contemplen estos aspectos. Además de proveer una respuesta rápida y adecuada, será necesario un eficiente uso del espacio disponible, y si se consideran bases de datos masivas, dichas estructuras en particular serán estructuras de datos con I/O eficiente. Otro aspecto importante son los lenguajes de consulta, necesarios para la manipulación de una base de datos, que no siempre poseen el poder expresivo necesario para reflejar las consultas consideradas de interés en este modelo. Así, nuestra investigación pretende contribuir a la consolidación de este nuevo modelo de bases de datos.Eje: Bases de Datos y Minería de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Bases de datos no convencionales: índices y lenguajes de consulta

En la actualidad es muy común suministrar una imagen a un buscador y esperar que este localice, imágenes parecidas a la provista. Escenarios como este requieren el desarrollo de aplicaciones capaces de manipular datos no convencionales como imágenes, audio, video, secuencias de ADN, texto, huellas digitales, etc., almacenarlos y obtener información desde ellos, para responder eficientemente consultas que realicen los usuarios. Claramente, es necesario utilizar depósitos especializados de datos y técnicas de búsquedas no exactas sobre ellos, porque las soluciones tradicionales no permiten hacer frente a tales requerimientos. En este ámbito es muy raro comparar por igualdad exacta, siendo generalmente las consultas por objetos similares a uno dado. Por lo tanto, ademas de requerir una respuesta rápida y adecuada y un eficiente uso del espacio disponible, es necesario utilizar modelos generales en los cuales se puedan utilizar estructuras de datos especializadas que contemplen estos aspectos, como lo son las Bases de Datos Métricas y que si se consideran bases de datos masivas, dichas estructuras en particular sean, en particular, estructuras de datos con I/O eficiente. Otro aspecto importante son los lenguajes de consulta, necesarios para la manipulación de una base de datos, que no siempre poseen el poder expresivo necesario para expresar las consultas consideradas de interés en este modelo. Así, nuestra investigación pretende contribuir a la consolidación de este nuevo modelo de bases de datos.Eje: Base de Datos y Minería de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI