Remediação do efluente da indústria de compensado: estudo biológico com uso do fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae MMPI

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.Atualmente um dos grandes problemas do planeta Terra são a poluição e a contaminação ambiental, decorrentes de diversos fatores como o uso irracional dos recursos naturais, o aumento da população e o descarte indevido de efluentes no ambiente. O Brasil é um dos maiores detentores de madeira do mundo, sendo a extração da madeira um dos setores de grande importância da economia brasileira. Nesse ramo, encontram-se as indústrias de laminados e compensados, onde são gerados efluentes com alta carga orgânica e quantidades elevadas de compostos fenólicos derivados da lignina. Tais efluentes precisam ser tratados respeitando a legislação ambiental. A utilização de tratamentos biológicos com fungos filamentosos tem se mostrado interessante do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental. O trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar, por meio da revisão bibliográfica, a eficácia que o tratamento biológico possui na indústria, o presente trabalho conta com um compilado de estudos, envolvendo fungos para o tratamento de efluentes oriundos da indústria madeireira, com o objetivo de mostrar a possibilidade e o caminho para colocar o estudo na prática.Currently, one of the major problems on planet Earth is pollution and environmental contamination, resulting from several factors such as the irrational use of natural resources, the increase in population and the improper disposal of effluents in the environment. Brazil is one of the largest holders of wood in the world, and wood extraction is one of the most important sectors of the Brazilian economy. In this branch, there are the laminateis the laminate and plywood industries, where effluents with high organic load and high amounts of phenolic compounds derived from lignin are generated. Such effluents need to be treated respecting environmental legislation. The use of biological treatments with filamentous fungi has shown to be interesting from an economic and environmental point of view. The work aims to demonstrate, through a bibliographic review, the effectiveness that biological treatment has in the industry, the present work has a compilation of studies, involving fungi for the treatment of effluents from the wood industry, with the objective of showing the possibility and the way to put the study into practice

Impacto do TNM-8 e do rastreio corporal total pós-dose de radioiodo no manejo de pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide

O carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide (CDT) inclui os subtipos papilar (CPT) e folicular (CFT) e é responsável pela maioria das neoplasias malignas tireoidianas. Aproximadamente 85% dos CDT são CPT, atingindo principalmente mulheres, nas faixas etárias entre 40-59 anos. O CDT é geralmente um tumor indolente, usualmente diagnosticado em estágio I e com excelente prognóstico. O manejo do CDT tem mudado nos últimos anos, em janeiro de 2018 foi incorporado à prática clínica a oitava edição do sistema de estadiamento do American Joint Committee on Cancer - Tumor, node, metastasis (AJCC/TNM-8) que traz duas principais mudanças com relação à antiga classificação (sétima edição do tumor, linfonodos e metástases - TNM-7): o corte de idade ao diagnóstico passa dos 45 anos para os 55 anos e os critérios de classificação de T3 e T4. Essa atualização objetiva melhorar a predição de doença e sobrevida dos pacientes, separando os pacientes em risco de persistência e/ou recorrência de doença em estágios mais avançados do TNM. Com objetivo de avaliar o impacto da mudança do TNM-7 para o TNM-8 em uma população brasileira de CDT fizemos uma análise comparativa das classificações e dos desfechos relacionados à doença que se encontra no artigo intitulado "Impact of the update TNM staging criteria on prediction of persistent disease in a differentiated thyroid carcinoma cohort". Comparamos as classificações do TNM-7 e do TNM-8 em uma coorte de pacientes brasileiros, do sul do país, com carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide. Foram incluídos no trabalho 419 pacientes, quando comparadas às distribuições dos pacientes dentro das classificações notamos que as diferenças entre o TNM-7 e o TNM-8 são estatisticamente significativas e levaram os pacientes, com o TNM-8, a 37% de reclassificações para estágios de menor risco de mortalidade relacionada à doença. Mais da metade (56%) das reclassificações foi atribuída a mudança do corte de idade ao diagnóstico para 55 anos. Com a classificação TNM-8 os pacientes de menor risco foram alocados em estágios mais baixos, sugerindo que o novo sistema é melhor em distribuir os pacientes de acordo com suas categorias de risco. Durante o seguimento mediano de 4,4 anos, os achados referentes à resposta ao tratamento são coerentes com essa interpretação. Evidenciando assim que o TNM-8 é melhor em estratificar os pacientes com CDT, alocando os pacientes dentro das categorias de risco correspondentes, o que leva ao tratamento mais adequado, menos agressivo, sem expô-los a tratamentos desnecessários e excessivos. Corroborando com condutas mais conservadoras no manejo dos pacientes com CDT, o consenso Americano no Manejo de Pacientes Adultos com CDT publicado em dezembro de 2015 deixa de indicar tratamento com radioiodo (RIT) aos pacientes de baixo risco. Para todos os outros pacientes que recebem tratamento RIT, a realização do exame de rastreamento corporal total (RCT) após a dose de iodo é mandatória. Diante da incerteza dos benefícios da realização do RCT e dos potenciais risco do exame, faziase necessária uma releitura da sua utilidade para os pacientes com CDT que receberam RAI. No artigo intitulado "Reappraising the Diagnostic Accuracy of Post-Treatment Whole-Body Scan for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma" usamos a mesma coorte de pacientes para avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica do RCT, onde foram avaliados 268 pacientes após sua primeira dose de RAI. Foram revisadas todas as imagens de RCT e os pacientes com diagnóstico documentado de metástases à distância ou captação à distância no RCT foram revisados independentemente por dois especialistas em carcinoma de tireoide. Vinte e nove pacientes possuíam metástases à distância, destes 20 apresentaram captação à distância no RCT (verdadeiro-positivos) e 9 não apresentaram captação à distância (falso-negativos). Vinte e oito pacientes apresentaram captação à distância ao RCT, 9 deles falso-positivos. Estratificando o RCT de acordo com a classificação de risco da American Thyroid Association (ATA) notamos que para pacientes de risco baixo e intermediario o exame apresenta baixa sensibilidade no diagnóstico de metástáse à distância. Quando excluídos os pacientes de baixo risco, que atualmente não tem indicação de tratamento com RIT, a performance do exame mostrou-se ainda pior. No entanto, para o grupo de alto risco da ATA, o RCT foi melhor em predizer presença de metástase à distância, com boa sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo (82%, 100% e 100%, respectivamente), com significância estatística. Em resumo, em pacientes com baixa probabilidade pré-teste o exame deve ser reconsiderado, já para os pacientes de alto risco da ATA nos quais a probabilidade pré-teste é alta, o RCT se mostra uma ferramenta útil para diagnóstico de metástases à distância.Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) includes the papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) subtypes and is responsible for most thyroid malignancies. Approximately 85% of DTC are PTC, afflicting mainly women aged 40-59 years. DTC is usually an indolent tumor, diagnosed in stage I and with excellent prognosis. The management of DTC has changed in recent years. Released in January 2018, the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer - Tumor, node, metastasis (AJCC/TNM-8) staging system included two main changes from the previous classification (the seventh edition, TNM-7): the age range at diagnosis of 45 years to 55 years old and the classification criteria for T3 and T4. These updates aim to improve disease prediction and survival of patients, separating patients at risk of persistence and/or recurrence of disease in more advanced stages of TNM. In order to evaluate the impact of the change from TNM-7 to TNM-8 in a Brazilian population of DTC, we performed a comparative analysis of the classifications and outcomes related to the disease found in the article titled Impact of the update TNM staging criteria on prediction of persistent disease in a differentiated thyroid carcinoma cohort. We compared the TNM-7 and TNM-8 classifications in a cohort of 419 Brazilian DTC patients from the south of the country. The differences in the distributions of patients between TNM-7 and TNM-8 were statistically significant and led to 37% of patients classified under TNM-8 being moved to stages with a lower risk of mortality related to the disease. More than half (56%) of the reclassifications were attributed to changing the age cut-off to 55 years. With the TNM-8 classification, the lowest risk patients were placed in lower stages, suggesting that the new system is better at distributing patients according to their risk categories. During the median follow-up of 4.4 years, findings regarding treatment response were consistent with this interpretation and showed that TNM-8 is better at stratifying patients with DTC, which leads to more appropriate and less aggressive treatment, thereby not exposing them to unnecessary or excessive treatments. Corroborating the more conservative management of DTC patients, the U.S. consensus given in the Management of Adult Patients with DTC published in December 2018 no longer indicates treatment with radioiodine (RAI) for low-risk patients. For all other patients receiving RAI treatment, a whole-body scan (WBS) following the iodine dose is mandatory. Given the uncertainty of the benefits of WBS and the potential risk of the test, a rereading of its usefulness was necessary for patients with DTC who received RAI. In the article entitled Reappraising the Diagnostic Accuracy of Post- Treatment Whole-Body Scan for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, we used the same cohort of patients to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the WBS, where 268 patients were evaluated after their first dose of RAI. All WBS images were reviewed and the patients with documented diagnosis of distant metastases or remote uptake in the WBS were independently reviewed by two specialists in thyroid carcinoma. Twenty-nine patients had distant metastases, of which 20 had remote uptake in the WBS (true-positive) and 9 had no distant uptake (false-negative). Twenty-eight patients presented remote uptake in the WBS, nine of them false-positive. Stratifying the WBS according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk classification, we note that for low-risk and intermediate-risk patients, the test presents low sensitivity in the diagnosis of distant metastases. When low-risk patients, who currently do not have an indication for RAI treatment, were excluded, the performance of the exam was even worse. However, for the high-risk ATA group, WBS was better at predicting presence of distant metastases with statistically significant sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (82%, 100%, and 100%, respectively). In summary, for patients with a low pre-test probability the exam should be reconsidered, whereas for high-risk patients in whom the pre-test probability is high, the WBS is a useful tool for the diagnosis of distant metastases

Statistical methods for identifying anisotropy in the Spodoptera frugiperda spatial distribution

Corn is a very important agricultural product, however, some pests may cause damage to the corn productivity such as Spodoptera frugiperda, which prevents the plant from growing in a regular manner. Since the indiscriminate use of the pesticide may cause an increasing resistance of the insect besides an environmental damage, it is important to estimate the areas and the dominant directions where the insect may propagate. The main aim of this work was to study the spreading of the fall armyworm in a commercial agricultural area in the South of Brazil. For this, we considered a set including the location of each corn plant attacked by the insect. In particular, we assumed that the spatial locations given by the geographic coordinates constitute a spatial point pattern following a stationary Poisson point process. In order to detect the presence of possible dominant directions in the distribution of the fall armyworm infestation we studied the anisotropic features of the data by using some second-order spatial point-pattern analysis techniques such as the K directional test, the wavelet-based test, and the quadrat counting test. All the results showed that spatial distribution of fall armyworm may follow a clustered Poisson point process with the presence of an evident anisotropy mainly due to the shape and the distance between corn plants of the experimental area. These preliminary results could be used for reducing and optimizing the use of pesticides with a consequent decrease of the environmental impact

Zooplankton in a whale shark (Rhincodon typus) feeding area of Bahía de los Ángeles (Gulf of California)

Bahía de los Ángeles (BLA) is highly influenced by oceanographic processes that occur in Canal de Ballenas, favoring primary and secondary production inside the bay. Zooplankton is an important item in the diet of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). The whale shark supports BLAs eco-tourism industry. El Rincón (southern BLA) is a preferential feeding area of the whale shark. Zooplankton surface samples were collected at twelve locations in El Rincón in September, November, and December, 2009. Eleven phyla were identified, belonging to both meroplankton and holoplankton. In September the meroplankton fraction was 62.6% of the total abundance, in November it only accounted for 8.6%, and in December it accounted for 14%. This suggests that the breeding season of fish and invertebrates was prior to the September sampling. Copepods, which are the preferred prey for immature whale sharks, always had the largest fraction of the holoplankton. Copepods had relatively low levels of abundance at all sampled locations (<10,000 ind m-3 ) in September and December. Their largest abundance was in November (up to >50,000 ind m-3 ), with an average of 73.8% of totalzooplankton abundance. Whale sharks were sighted feeding in November, at sites with large abundance ofzooplankton, especially Acartia spp. Whale sharks were not sighted when Acartia was absent. Data in the literature and in this work supports the perception that high abundance of Acartia may be the determining factor for the congregation of whale sharks in El Rincón

Impact of the updated TNM staging criteria on prediction of persistent disease in a differentiated thyroid carcinoma cohort

Objective: The 8th TNM system edition (TNM-8) released in 2018 presents significant changes when compared to the 7th edition (TNM-7). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of changing the TNM staging criteria on the outcomes in a Brazilian cohort of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Subjects and methods: DTC patients, attending a tertiary, University-based hospital, were classified by TNM-7 and TNM-8. Prediction of disease outcomes status of the two systems was compared in a retrospective cohort study design. Results: Four hundred and nineteen DTC patients were evaluated, comprised by 82% (345/419) women, with mean age at diagnosis of 46.4 ± 15.6 years, 89% (372/419) papillary thyroid carcinoma, with a median tumor size of 2.3 cm (P25-P75, 1.3-3.5). One hundred and sixty patients (38%) had lymph node metastases and 47 (11%) distant metastases at diagnosis. Using the TNM-7 criteria, 236 (56%) patients were classified as Stage I, 50 (12%) as Stage II, 75 (18%) as Stage III and 58 (14%) as Stage IV. When evaluated by the TNM-8, 339 (81%) patients were classified as Stage I, 64 (15%) as Stage II, 2 (0.5%) as Stage III and 14(3%) as Stage IV. After a median followup of 4.4years (P25-P75 2.6-6.6), the rate of incomplete biochemical and/or structural response was 54% vs. 92% (P = 0.004) and incomplete structural response was 42% vs. 86% (P = 0.009) for patients classified as stage IV by TNM-7 vs TNM-8, respectively. Only 4 (1%) disease-related deaths were recorded. Conclusions: In our cohort, 37% of DTC patients were down staged with the application of TNM-8 (vs. TNM-7). Additionally, TNM-8 seems to better stratify the risk of structural incomplete response at follow-up

Análisis de estrategias sostenibles en empresas multinacionales en México: Desarrollo hacia una Cadena de Suministro Circular

En las últimas décadas las empresas han utilizado modelos lineales en sus operaciones diarias creando productos con una vida útil corta. Las crecientes emisiones de residuos han causado problemas ambientales que afectan de manera negativa y permanente a comunidades. En el 2022, Nuevo León, México emitió 7 alertas ambientales debido a los  altos índices de contaminación dentro del área metropolitana. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias sostenibles implementadas en la Cadena de Suministro Circular (CSC) de las empresas líderes multinacionales en Nuevo León, México para identificar estrategias sostenibles en las empresas y determinar formas de medir estas estrategias. Para seleccionar las empresas,  se utilizó el libro  Empresas Líderes de Forbes (2022). A partir de los hallazgos, se proponen 6 estrategias para integrar una CSC. Se concluye que las multinacionales deben implementar la descarbonización de operaciones de la cual surgen diversas alternativas como el eco-diseño y simbiosis empresarial

Biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatus on Anastrepha fraterculus larvae

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biologia e o potencial de parasitismo de Doryctobracon areolatus em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus. Foram determinados em laboratório: a duração do período ovo–adulto, a razão sexual, a longevidade, a viabilidade pupal, e o índice de parasitismo, tendo-se utilizado A. fraterculus como hospedeiro. O desenvolvimento do parasitoide, da oviposição à emergência do adulto, foi de 25,00±1,70 dias, a razão sexual foi de 0,62±0,09, e a longevidade média foi de 16,36±3,62 dias para machos e 10,24±1,71 dias para fêmeas. O parasitismo médio foi de 53,50±8,93%, tendo variado de 41,60 a 68,60%, o que mostra o potencial deste parasitoide para o controle biológico de A. fraterculus. The objective of this work was to study the biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatus on larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus. The egg–adult period, the sex ratio, the longevity, the pupal viability, and the parasitism rate of D. areolatus were determined in laboratory, using A. fraterculus as host. The parasitoid development from oviposition to adult emergence required 25.00±1.70 days, the sex ratio was 0.62±0.09, and the mean longevity was 16.36±3.62 days for males and 10.24±1.71 days for females. The mean parasitism rate was 53.50±8.93%, varying from 41.60 to 68.60%, which shows the potential of this parasitoid for biological control of A. fraterculus.

Infants prenatally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 show the absence of fidgety movements and are at higher risk for neurological disorders: A comparative study

Congenital viral infections are believed to damage the developing neonatal brain. However, whether neonates exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) show manifestations of such damage remains unclear. For neurodevelopment evaluation, general movement assessments have been shown to be effective in identifying early indicators of neurological dysfunction, including the absence of fidgety movements. This study compared the early motor repertoire by general movement assessment at three to five months of age in neonates who were or were not prenatally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 to determine whether infants prenatally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of developing neurological disorders. Fifty-six infants, including 28 in the exposed group of mothers without vaccination who had no need for intensive care and likely had SARS-CoV-2 infection close to the time of pregnancy resolution and 28 infants in the nonexposed group, were videotaped to compare their detailed early motor repertoires, in which a motor optimality score-revised (MOS-R) was calculated using Prechtl’s method by using the chi-square or Mann–Whitney U tests. In the exposed group, 3 (11%) infants showed the absence of fidgety movements with a total MOS-R<14 points, and 3 (11%) other infants showed abnormal fidgety movements. Between groups, atypical body symmetry (p = 0.009) and MOS-R values were significantly lower (Z = -3.08, p = 0.002), with a large size effect (Cohen’s d = 0.97). The consequences of this new virus go beyond the health of the pregnant mother, and these consequences in some of the infants in the exposed group are likely not transitory because of the absence of fidgety movements between 3–5 months; thus, these babies are at increased risk of developing a serious neurological disorder

Indoor and outdoor air quality: a university cafeteria as a case study

A short but exhaustive air sampling campaign was conducted in a university cafeteria, an occupational environmental not yet studied. Carbonyls and volatile organic compounds were collected by passive diffusion samplers. Temperature, relative humidity, CO2, CO and particulate matter were continuously monitored indoors and outdoors. Simultaneous PM10 sampling with high and low volume instruments, equipped with quartz and Teflon filters, respectively, was performed during working hours and at night. The quartz filters were analysed for their carbonaceous content by a thermo-optical technique and organic constituents by GC-MS. Water-soluble ions and elements were analysed in the Teflon filters by ion chromatography and PIXE, respectively. Low air change rates (0.31–1.5 h−1) and infiltration factors of 0.14, for both PM2.5 and PM10, indicate poor ventilation conditions. Concentrations of both gaseous pollutants and particulate matter were much higher in the cafeteria than outdoors, showing strong variations throughout the day depending on occupancy and activities. The average concentration of indoor-generated PM10 was estimated to be 32 μg m−3. Organic compounds in PM10 included alkanes, PAHs, saccharides, phenolics, alcohols, acids, alkyl esters, triterpenoids, sterols, among others. The complex particle composition reveals the multiplicity of sources, formation reactions and removal processes, not yet fully known, and suggests the contribution from dust resuspension, abrasion and off-gassing of building materials, cooking emissions, tobacco smoke, and several consumer products. Many compounds are in the list of ingredients of personal care products, pesticides, plasticisers, flame retardants and psychoactive drugs. The inhalation cancer risks of metals and PAHs were found to be negligible.publishe