Comparative Study of Sperm DNA Isolation Method for Forensic Analysis

Forensic is a multi-discipline science that is used to obtain evidence of various criminal cases, such as rape. DNA analysis on sperm specimen is needed to identify the rapist. However, the success of this analysis depends on the DNA isolation method used. Several methods of DNA isolation from human sperm have been developed, but no method has been proven effective for the forensic analysis need. This study aimed to determine the effective sperm DNA isolation method for forensic analysis. In this study, the DNA of sperm specimens was isolated using three methods: Boiling Water, modified TRIzol, and Chelex-100. The DNA isolation result was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis method. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were measured using a Nanodrop by comparing the absorbance of DNA at λ 260 nm and protein at λ 280 nm. The effectiveness of the sperm DNA isolation method was determined based on the concentration and purity of DNA, the specimen volume, the implementation time, and the costs involved. The result showed that the successful methods for isolating sperm DNA were TRIzol and Chelex-100. The quantity of DNA isolated using the modified TRIzol method was 1,5 times higher than Chelex-100 but equired 120 times more specimen volume than Chelex-100. From 25 µl sperm specimens, the concentration of DNA isolated using the Chelex-100 method was 612.6 ng/µl with a purity of about 1.7. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Chelex-100 is the most effective method for isolating sperm DNA for forensic analysis.Forensic is a multi-discipline science that is used to obtain evidence of various criminal cases, such as rape. DNA analysis on sperm specimen is needed to identify the rapist. However, the success of this analysis depends on the DNA isolation method used. Several methods of DNA isolation from human sperm have been developed, but no method has been proven effective for the forensic analysis need. This study aimed to determine the effective sperm DNA isolation method for forensic analysis. In this study, the DNA of sperm specimens was isolated using three methods: Boiling Water, modified TRIzol, and Chelex-100. The DNA isolation result was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis method. The concentration and purity of isolated DNA were measured using a Nanodrop by comparing the absorbance of DNA at λ 260 nm and protein at λ 280 nm. The effectiveness of the sperm DNA isolation method was determined based on the concentration and purity of DNA, the specimen volume, the implementation time, and the costs involved. The result showed that the successful methods for isolating sperm DNA were TRIzol and Chelex-100. The quantity of DNA isolated using the modified TRIzol method was 1,5 times higher than Chelex-100 but equired 120 times more specimen volume than Chelex-100. From 25 µl sperm specimens, the concentration of DNA isolated using the Chelex-100 method was 612.6 ng/µl with a purity of about 1.7. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Chelex-100 is the most effective method for isolating sperm DNA for forensic analysis

ELISA versus Nested PCR for Detection of Hepatitis B Co-infection in HIV-infected People in Bandung Indonesia

The number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patients in Bandung is increasing. HIV patients are often suffering from Hepatitis B Virusco-infection. The co-infection status must be detected using the accurate method. This study aims to compare the accuracy of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in detecting HIV-HBV co-infection in Bandung. The research method used is experimental. The sample used in this study was 50 people. All samples had met the inclusion criteria. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum was detected using a qualitative ELISA Wantai kit, while sHBsAg gene in the whole blood was amplified using 2 pairs of the specific primary. The results obtained from both methods were analyzed to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values. The result of Hepatitis B detection using ELISA method showed that 15 samples (30%) were positive, 1 sample (2%) was a false positive, and 3 samples (6%) were the false negative. Moreover, the nested PCR method showed that 18 samples (36%) were positive without false positive or false negative result. These results showed that ELISA has a sensitivity value of 83.33%, specificity of 96.87%, and the accuracy of 92%, while Nested PCR has a value of 100% for all three parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Nested PCR method was more accurate than ELISA to detect Hepatitis B co-infection in HIV patients in Bandung.The Nested PCR can be recommended for detecting the other co-infection cases.   Keywords: accuracy, HBsAg, co-infection, sensitivity, specificit

The Profiles of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections in Prison-Assisted Citizens

Prison-assisted citizens or prisoners are one of the groups of people who are at high risk of Hepatitis B and C virus infections. The data on the prevalence of both viruses in prisoners in Indonesia are still limited. This study aims to determine the profiles of Hepatitis B and C virus infections in prison-assisted citizens in the Class IIA Narcotics Correctional Institution in Bandung Regency. A total of 30 prisoners were used as the samples in this study. All procedures performed in this study were following the applicable codes of ethics. The presence of surface antigens of Hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) in serums was detected using a qualitative sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The existence of antibodies of the Hepatitis C virus (Anti-VHC) was detected using the immunochromatography method. The laboratory test results have shown five people (16.7%) were positive on the HBsAg test and one person (3.3%) was positive on the anti-VHC test. One case of Hepatitis B and C co-infection was also found in the prison-assisted citizens who were in the Class IIA Narcotics Correctional Institution in Bandung Regency. All the prisoners infected by the Hepatitis B and C viruses used injection drugs, had tattoos on their bodies and never received vaccinations

Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 di Pusat Perbelanjaan Kota Bandung dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen

To reduce the number of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and maintain economic stability in Indonesia, the government requires consumers and business actors to implement the COVID-19 health protocol in shopping centers. Protection of consumer safety, security and comfort is stated in Article 4 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Bandung city has many shopping centers, but there are few studies reporting on the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol in its shopping centers. This study aims to determine the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol and the level of knowledge of consumers and business actors at shopping centers in Bandung regarding their rights and obligations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a sociological non-doctrinal approach. The shopping center used as the research sample has met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected by means of observation, questionnaires and literature study and then analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that >70% of consumers knew their rights and obligations, but 36.4% of consumers didn’t wash their hands/use handsanitizer before entering and after leaving the shopping center, 21.2% didn’t access the Peduli Lindungi application, and 46.8% didn’t keep their distance when shopping or use the elevator. Likewise with business actors, almost all of them know their rights and obligations, but they didn’t careful in selecting consumers who can and cannot enter shopping centers. It can be concluded that the majority of consumers and business actors in Bandung shopping centers already know their rights and obligations, but the COVID-19 health protocol has not been implemented optimally

Edukasi Kesehatan sebagai Upaya Preventif Penyakit Hepatitis B dan C pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan

ABSTRAK Hepatitis B dan C dianggap paling berbahaya diantara jenis hepatitis yang lain karena keduanya dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit kronik, sering tanpa gejala, dan menyebabkan kematian. Salah satu upaya yang disarankan oleh WHO untuk mencegah peningkatan angka Hepatitis B dan C adalah melakukan kegiatan edukasi kesehatan bagi masyarakat, khususnya kelompok beresiko tinggi seperi Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP). Oleh sebab itu, kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP terkait penyebab, gejala, cara penularan, pencegahan, dan layanan kesehatan yang disediakan oleh pemerintah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 30 orang WBP. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis hasil kuesioner dan nilai tes para peserta. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil evaluasi membuktikan bahwa mayoritas WBP melakukan tindakan beresiko tinggi karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan informasi, namun setelah mendapatkan materi penyuluhan terlihat adanya peningkatan nilai tes pada seluruh peserta. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP di Lapas Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung terkait penyebab, gejala klinis, cara penularan, pencegahan, serta beberapa layanan kesehatan pemerintah untuk mencegah, mendiagnosa, serta mengobati penyakit Hepatitis B dan C.Kata Kunci: hepatitis B; hepatitis C; penyuluhan; lembaga pemasyarakatanABSTRACTHepatitis B and C are considered as the most dangerous hepatitis types compared to the other, because both can develop into chronic diseases, asymptomatic, and cause death. One of the methods suggested by WHO to prevent an increase of Hepatitis B and C numbers is to conduct health education activities for the community, especially for the high-risk groups such as prisoners (WBP). Therefore, the aim of this extension activity was to upgrade the WBP's knowledge regarding the disease causes, symptoms, transmission methods, prevention, and health services provided by the government. This activity was conducted in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA, with 30 WBP participants. The extention was done by the lecture method. Then, the activity evaluation was done by analyzing of questionnaire results and participants' test-scores. Besides, the analysis technique used was descriptive analysis. The evaluation result proved that the majority of WBP taking the high-risk action due to the limited of knowledge and information, but there was a test-score increase for all participants after obtaining counseling materials. This activity was successful to improve the WBP's knowledge in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA related to the causes, clinical symptoms, modes of transmission, prevention, and also some government health services to prevent, diagnose, and treat the Hepatitis B and C.Keywords : extension; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; prison

Pelatihan Kader Kesehatan untuk Prevensi Penyebaran Penyakit HIV/AIDS pada Ibu Rumah Tangga di Batujajar Timur Bandung Barat

An increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS among housewives is increasing every time. Providing education to women in terms of reproductive health rights and fighting stigma against people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is the key to prevention. Community service aims to provide training to housewives in the context of prevention of the spread of HIV/AIDS in housewives. The method of community service is done by presenting material in the form of lectures and learning media. Participants are given a pretest and post-test to assess the effectiveness of the training. The results of community service show that all participants can take part in the training and improve in terms of knowledge. All participants will also conduct similar training on other housewives. Conclusion Housewife training activities to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS can increase understanding of the disease. Further service is expected to be continued with cadres participating in the training, who can provide training to other housewives

Gambaran Anti-Plasmodium sp. Pada Anggota Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat Di Kota Cimahi

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium sp. The presence of such parasites in body can be characterized by the presence of anti-Plasmodium sp. antibodies. Malaria cases are still prevalent in Indonesia and generally occur in people who travel to endemic areas. One of the jobs that obliges its members to serve to various regions, including endemic areas is the Indonesian Army (TNI AD). Many Army personnel residing in Cimahi City. The purpose of this study is to determine the overview of malaria in members of the Army in Cimahi City. This study used a sample of 30 TNI AD who are residing in Cimahi City and have been assigned to various regions in Indonesia. Venipucture is only performed on respondents who have signed informed consent and filled out the interview form. Malaria screening is performed using immunochromatography that can detect anti-P. vivax and anti-P. falciparum antibodies, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Of the 30 people, there were 4 people (13.3%) who had been infected with malaria and 2 (6.7%) of whom had experienced mixed malaria. All respondents who tested positive for malaria claimed to have been assigned to malaria endemic areas such as Papua and Maluku for several years

Gambaran Bakteri Kontaminan pada Sikat Gigi

Abstract: DESCRIPTION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINTANT IN TOOTHBRUSH. Brushing activity is an effort to keep oral hygiene from pathogenic microorganisms that can cause infection. Oral infection has been an increasingly common risk factor for systemic disease. Oral infections, especially periodontitis, can affect travel and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight. Keeping your teeth and mouth clean is not enough just brushing your teeth, but replace the toothbrush for a maximum of three months. This study aims to identify the contaminant bacteria found on toothbrushes that have been used for more than 3 months. The method of identification by planting the isolation result of 20 toothbrushes has been used for more than three months on selective media ie blood agar (AD), McConkey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylen Blue (EMB), Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) . The results showed that all samples of toothbrush were contaminated with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, 16 samples were Klebsiella (80%), four samples (20%) were Proteus, and one sample (5%) was contaminated with Escherichia. All of the toothbrush samples showed to have been contaminated by bacteria. Bacterial contamination of the toothbrush can be caused by the storage of a toothbrush that is too close to the toilet and toilet, possibly exposed through aerosols containing intestinal bacteria. This toothbrush contamination plays an important role in both oral and systemic diseases, including septicemia and gastrointestinal, respiratory cardiovascularmy, and kidney problems. Abstrak: GAMBARAN BAKTERI KONTAMINAN PADA SIKAT GIGI. Kegiatan menyikat gigi merupakan upaya untuk menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dari mikroorganisme pathogen yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi. Infeksi mulut telah menjadi faktor risiko yang semakin umum untuk penyakit sistemik. Infeksi mulut, terutama periodontitis, dapat mempengaruhi patogenesis dari sejumlah penyakit sistemik, seperti penyakit kardiovaskular, pneumonia bakteri, diabetes mellitus, dan berat badan lahir rendah. Menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut tidak cukup hanya menyikat gigi saja, melainkan mengganti sikat gigi maksimal tiga bulan sekali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri kontaminan yang terdapat pada pada sikat gigi yang telah digunakan selama lebih dari 3 bulan. Metode identifikasi dengan melakukan penanaman hasil isolasi 20 sikat gigi yang telah digunakan selama lebih dari tiga bulan pada media selektif yaitu agar darah (AD), McConkey Agar (MCA), Eosin Methylen Blue (EMB), Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) dengan metode gores.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua sampel sikat gigi terkontaminasi Streptococcus dan Staphylococcus, 16 sampel terdapat Klebsiella (80%), pada empat sampel (20%) terdapat Proteus, dan satu sampel (5%) terkontaminasi Escherichia. Semua sampel sikat gigi menunjukkan telah terkontaminasi oleh bakteri. Kontaminasi bakteri pada sikat gigi ini dapat disebabkan oleh penyimpanan sikat gigi yang terlalu dekat dengan jamban, sehingga kemungkinan terpapar melalui aerosol yang mengandung bakteri usus. Kontaminasi sikat gigi ini memegang peranan penting pada penyakit oral maupun sistemik, termasuk septikemia dan gastrointestinal, kardiovaskularm pernapasan, dan masalah ginjal

Penerapan Teknologi Fermentasi Cuka Kulit Semangka untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Limbah dan Kesehatan di Wilayah Pasar Induk Caringin

Penumpukan limbah kulit semangka di Pasar Caringin memberikan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat di Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay. Limbah tersebut sebenarnya dapat diolah menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat seperti cuka dengan teknik fermentasi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay tentang teknologi fermentasi dan kemampuan untuk mengolah limbah kulit semangka yang ada di Pasar Caringin menjadi cuka. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di aula Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay dan melibatkan 50 orang ibu-ibu Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK). Kegiatan terbagi menjadi dua sesi, yaitu penyuluhan teknik fermentasi dan pelatihan pembuatan cuka kulit semangka. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa peserta dapat memahami materi yang disampaikan. Peserta juga berhasil membuat cuka kulit semangka yang aroma dan rasanya mirip dengan cuka apel. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah dicapai, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan ibu-ibu PKK di Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay untuk mengolah limbah kulit semangka menjadi cuka. Dengan pengetahuan dan kemampuan tersebut, ibu-ibu PKK dapat membantu mengatasi penumpukan limbah kulit semangka di Pasar Caringin dan menghasilkan produk yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan serta berpotensi memiliki nilai ekonomis.&nbsp