20 research outputs found

    "SARGOS" : SystÚme d'Alerte et Réponse Graduée Off Shore

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    International audienceLe projet SARGOS répond à l'émergence du besoin de sûreté des infrastructures offshore civiles vulnérables aux actes de malveillance, de piraterie ou de terrorisme menées à partir de la mer. Il propose le développement d'un systÚme assurant de maniÚre coordonnée la chaßne globale de protection : veille et surveillance automatisées ; détection d'intrusion ; évaluation de dangerosité ; plan de réaction gradué et piloté en temps réel pour rester constamment adapté au niveau de menace représenté par l'intrusion détectée. Une des capacités clefs est l'élaboration d'une stratégie complÚte et mutualisée de défense, incluant la mise en sûreté des personnes, la diffusion de l'alarme, la coordination des moyens d'assistance extérieure et la mise en oeuvre de moyens de dissuasion non létaux pour apporter une réponse complÚte à la menace. Un démonstrateur du systÚme SARGOS illustrant toute la chaßne de protection a été déployé sur site pour des expérimentations en vraie grandeur selon des scénarios définis avec les opérationnels. Les essais ont permis de valider tous les points clefs : détection de petites embarcations - levée d'alertes pertinentes couplant analyse de comportement des embarcations et évaluation de dangerosité - Assistance intuitive à l'opérateur pour l'activation de procédures de réaction proposées en dynamique suivant une logique prédéfinie propre aux moyens disponibles

    STAT5-and hypoxia-dependent upregulation of AXL

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    Internal tandem duplication in Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) is the most frequent mutation observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and correlates with poor prognosis. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors are promising for targeted therapy. Here, we investigated mechanisms dampening the response to the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib, which is specific to the hematopoietic niche. Using AML primary samples and cell lines, we demonstrate that convergent signals from the hematopoietic microenvironment drive FLT3-ITD cell resistance to quizartinib through the expression and activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor AXL. Indeed, cytokines sustained phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT5 in quizartinib-treated cells, which enhanced AXL expression by direct binding of a conserved motif in its genomic sequence. Likewise, hypoxia, another well-known hematopoietic niche hallmark, also enhanced AXL expression. Finally, in a xenograft mouse model, inhibition of AXL significantly increased the response of FLT3-ITD cells to quizartinib exclusively within a bone marrow environment. These data highlight a new bypass mechanism specific to the hematopoietic niche that hampers the response to quizartinib through combined upregulation of AXL activity. Targeting this signaling offers the prospect of a new therapy to eradicate resistant FLT3-ITD leukemic cells hidden within their specific microenvironment, thereby preventing relapses from FLT3-ITD clones

    Regulation of Src oncogenic signaling by the adaptor protein SLAP in colorectal cancer cells

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    La tyrosine kinase cytoplasmique Src est un régulateur clé de la signalisation induite par les facteurs de croissance et les intégrines. Src présente des propriétés oncogéniques lorsqu'elle est dérégulée, une situation fréquemment retrouvée dans les cancers colorectaux (CCR). Sous sa forme activée, Src participe à la croissance tumorale et à la formation de métastases. Cependant, les mécanismes de dérégulation impliqués sont mal connus. En effet, SRC est rarement muté dans ces cancers. Mon travail de thÚse a mis en évidence un nouveau mécanisme de dérégulation de Src via l'inactivation de SLAP. SLAP est une protéine de signalisation de type adaptateur qui régule négativement la signalisation lymphocytaire. De part son association avec l'E3-ligase Cbl, il induit la dégradation de substrats importants de la tyrosine kinase Lck nécessaires à l'activation lymphocytaire. Je montre que SLAP est également exprimé dans le tissu épithélial colique et que son expression est fréquemment perdue au cours de la progression tumorale colorectale. SLAP inhibe la tumorigénicité et le potentiel métastasant des cellules de CCR. Sur le plan moléculaire, SLAP définit une boucle de rétrocontrÎle d'une voie oncogénique Src/EphA2/Akt initiée par Src via la dégradation protéasome-dépendante du récepteur EphA2 impliquant l'ubiquitine E4-ligase UBE4A. Ces résultats révÚlent un nouveau mécanisme d'induction oncogénique de Src, une fonction insoupçonnée de suppresseur de tumeurs de SLAP et montrent l'importance d'une E4-ligase et des protéines adaptatrices dans la régulation négative de la signalisation initiée par les tyrosine kinases dans la progression tumorale.The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Src mediates intracellular signaling induced by growth factors and integrins. When deregulated, Src acquires oncogenic properties. Src deregulation largely occurs in the absence of mutation of the corresponding gene but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unclear. Here I uncovered a novel mechanism of Src oncogenic induction in colorectal cancer (CRC) via SLAP silencing. SLAP is an adaptor protein and signaling molecule that controls lymphocytes activation. By association with E3-ligase Cbl, SLAP induces proteasomal degradation of important components of T cell receptor signaling, which impedes lymphocytes activation. I show that SLAP is also expressed in the epithelial tissue of the colon, but its expression is frequently lost during tumorigenesis. I also show that SLAP controls tumorigenicity and invasiveness of CRC cells. At the molecular level, SLAP specifies a feedback loop of a Src/EphA2/Akt oncogenic signaling that is initiated by Src itself. Precisely, phosphorylation of EphA2 on Tyr594 by Src creates a binding site for SLAP-SH2 to elicit receptor degradation. This novel SLAP function is independent of Cbl but requires its interaction with the E4-ligase UBE4A. SLAP down-regulation observed in cancer cells dramatically increases EphA2 levels and amplifies a Src/EphA2/Akt signaling required for cell tumorigenicity. Thus, SLAP inactivation defines a novel mechanism of Src oncogenic induction in human cancer

    Legal regime of port operations

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    Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, le contexte concurrentiel a dĂ©montrĂ© la nĂ©cessitĂ© de rĂ©former la politique portuaire française. C’est ainsi que la rĂ©forme portuaire issue de la loi n°2008-660 du 4 juillet 2008 a crĂ©Ă© les grands ports maritimes. Le modĂšle du « landlord port », autrement dĂ©nommĂ© port propriĂ©taire/amĂ©nageur, a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ© en France. Le grand port maritime voit ses activitĂ©s recentrĂ©es sur ses missions rĂ©galiennes, ses missions d’exploitation ayant Ă©tĂ© transfĂ©rĂ©es aux opĂ©rateurs privĂ©s portuaires. Face aux contraintes domaniales, issues du droit administratif, les grands ports maritimes ont dĂ» valoriser leur domaine portuaire en attirant les investisseurs privĂ©s et en dĂ©veloppant leurs activitĂ©s avec leur « hinterland ». Le partenariat public/privĂ© est donc la solution pour amĂ©liorer la compĂ©titivitĂ© des grands ports maritimes. Si du point de vue juridique, l’autoritĂ© portuaire est en position « dominante » par son rĂŽle dĂ©cisionnaire d’attribution d’espaces portuaires aux diffĂ©rents opĂ©rateurs, du point de vue Ă©conomique, le rapport de force est inversĂ© au profit des opĂ©rateurs. Il est donc indispensable de parvenir Ă  Ă©quilibrer ces visions dans le respect du libre jeu de la concurrence.These last years, the competitive context demonstrated the necessity of reforming the French port policy. This is how the port reform stemming from the law n°2008-660 of July 4th, 2008 created the Major seaports. The model of landlord port was recognized in France. The Major seaport sees its activities refocused on its kingly missions, its missions of operation having been transferred to the port private operators. In front of state property constraints, stemming from the administrative law, the Major seaports had to value their port domain by attracting the private investors and by developing their activities with their «hinterland». The public / private partnership is thus the solution to improve the competitiveness of the Major seaports. If, from the legal point of view, the port authority belongs in «dominant» position by its decision-making role of allocation of port spaces to the various operators, from the economic point of view, the balance of power is inverted for the benefit of the operators. It is thus essential to succeed in balancing these visions in the respect for the free play of competition

    Conduite addictives et dépression

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    AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU MĂ©d/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Régulation de la signalisation oncogénique de Src par l'adaptateur SLAP dans les cellules de cancer colorectal

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    La tyrosine kinase cytoplasmique Src est un régulateur clé de la signalisation induite par les facteurs de croissance et les intégrines. Src présente des propriétés oncogéniques lorsqu'elle est dérégulée, une situation fréquemment retrouvée dans les cancers colorectaux (CCR). Sous sa forme activée, Src participe à la croissance tumorale et à la formation de métastases. Cependant, les mécanismes de dérégulation impliqués sont mal connus. En effet, SRC est rarement muté dans ces cancers. Mon travail de thÚse a mis en évidence un nouveau mécanisme de dérégulation de Src via l'inactivation de SLAP. SLAP est une protéine de signalisation de type adaptateur qui régule négativement la signalisation lymphocytaire. De part son association avec l'E3-ligase Cbl, il induit la dégradation de substrats importants de la tyrosine kinase Lck nécessaires à l'activation lymphocytaire. Je montre que SLAP est également exprimé dans le tissu épithélial colique et que son expression est fréquemment perdue au cours de la progression tumorale colorectale. SLAP inhibe la tumorigénicité et le potentiel métastasant des cellules de CCR. Sur le plan moléculaire, SLAP définit une boucle de rétrocontrÎle d'une voie oncogénique Src/EphA2/Akt initiée par Src via la dégradation protéasome-dépendante du récepteur EphA2 impliquant l'ubiquitine E4-ligase UBE4A. Ces résultats révÚlent un nouveau mécanisme d'induction oncogénique de Src, une fonction insoupçonnée de suppresseur de tumeurs de SLAP et montrent l'importance d'une E4-ligase et des protéines adaptatrices dans la régulation négative de la signalisation initiée par les tyrosine kinases dans la progression tumorale.The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Src mediates intracellular signaling induced by growth factors and integrins. When deregulated, Src acquires oncogenic properties. Src deregulation largely occurs in the absence of mutation of the corresponding gene but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unclear. Here I uncovered a novel mechanism of Src oncogenic induction in colorectal cancer (CRC) via SLAP silencing. SLAP is an adaptor protein and signaling molecule that controls lymphocytes activation. By association with E3-ligase Cbl, SLAP induces proteasomal degradation of important components of T cell receptor signaling, which impedes lymphocytes activation. I show that SLAP is also expressed in the epithelial tissue of the colon, but its expression is frequently lost during tumorigenesis. I also show that SLAP controls tumorigenicity and invasiveness of CRC cells. At the molecular level, SLAP specifies a feedback loop of a Src/EphA2/Akt oncogenic signaling that is initiated by Src itself. Precisely, phosphorylation of EphA2 on Tyr594 by Src creates a binding site for SLAP-SH2 to elicit receptor degradation. This novel SLAP function is independent of Cbl but requires its interaction with the E4-ligase UBE4A. SLAP down-regulation observed in cancer cells dramatically increases EphA2 levels and amplifies a Src/EphA2/Akt signaling required for cell tumorigenicity. Thus, SLAP inactivation defines a novel mechanism of Src oncogenic induction in human cancer.MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The role of small adaptor proteins in the control of oncogenic signaling driven by tyrosine kinases in human cancer

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    International audienceAbstrAct Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues has evolved as an important mechanism to coordinate cell communication in multicellular organisms. The importance of this process has been revealed by the discovery of the prominent oncogenic properties of tyrosine kinases (TK) upon deregulation of their physiological activities, often due to protein overexpression and/or somatic mutation. Recent reports suggest that TK oncogenic signaling is also under the control of small adaptor proteins. These cytosolic proteins lack intrinsic catalytic activity and signal by linking two functional members of a catalytic pathway. While most adaptors display positive regulatory functions, a small group of this family exerts negative regulatory functions by targeting several components of the TK signaling cascade. Here, we review how these less studied adaptor proteins negatively control TK activities and how their loss of function induces abnormal TK signaling, promoting tumor formation. We also discuss the therapeutic consequences of this novel regulatory mechanism in human oncology

    Smart bracelet to assess physical activity after cardiac surgery: A prospective study.

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    ObjectivesLittle is known about the physical activity of patients after cardiac surgery. This study was designed to assess this activity using a connected bracelet.MethodsIn this prospective, monocentric study, patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were offered to wear an electronic bracelet. The main objective was to measure the physical activity recovery. Secondary objectives were the predictors of the correct use of the monitoring system, of the physical recovery and, if any, the relationship between physical activity and out-of-hospital morbidity.ResultsOne hundred patients were included. Most patients (86%) were interested in participating in the study. The compliance to the device and to the study protocol was good (94%). At discharge, the mean number of daily steps was 1454 ± 145 steps, increasing quite homogeneously, reaching 5801±1151 steps at Day 60. The best fit regression curve gave a maximum number of steps at 5897±119 (r2 = 0.97). The 85% level of activity was achieved at Day 30±3. No predictor of noncompliance was found. At discharge, age was independently associated with a lower number of daily steps (p ConclusionsAfter cardiac surgery, wearing a smart bracelet recording daily steps is simple, well tolerated and suitable for measuring physical activity. Standard patients achieved around 6000 daily steps 2 months after discharge. 85% of this activity is reached in the first month.Clinical trial registry numberNCT03113565

    SLAP displays tumour suppressor functions in colorectal cancer via destabilization of the SRC substrate EPHA2

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    International audienceThe adaptor SLAP is a negative regulator of receptor signalling in immune cells but its role in human cancer is ill defined. Here we report that SLAP is abundantly expressed in healthy epithelial intestine but strongly downregulated in 50% of colorectal cancer. SLAP overexpression suppresses cell tumorigenicity and invasiveness while SLAP silencing enhances these transforming properties. Mechanistically, SLAP controls SRC/EPHA2/AKT signalling via destabilization of the SRC substrate and receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2. This activity is independent from CBL but requires SLAP SH3 interaction with the ubiquitination factor UBE4A and SLAP SH2 interaction with pTyr594-EPHA2. SRC phosphorylates EPHA2 on Tyr594, thus creating a feedback loop that promotes EPHA2 destruction and thereby self-regulates its transforming potential. SLAP silencing enhances SRC oncogenicity and sensitizes colorectal tumour cells to SRC inhibitors. Collectively, these data establish a tumour-suppressive role for SLAP in colorectal cancer and a mechanism of SRC oncogenic induction through stabilization of its cognate substrates
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