Jüdischer ordnungsdienst in occupied Kraków during the years 1940-1945

The purpose of this article is to present the activities of the Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst [hereafter: OD] in Nazi-occupied Kraków during the years 1940-1945. This period includes OD organizations in Kraków’s Jewish district, Kazimierz, in 1940, in the Kraków ghetto in 1941- 1943 and in the German concentration camp at Płaszów in 1942-1945. Rounding off these topics is a paragraph touching on the post-war fate of OD officers under Polish law. Trials of OD members were held before the Special Criminal Court [hereafter: SCC] in Kraków in 1945-1947. In discussing the issue, the author has sought to explain the reasons for which Jews joined the OD in light of the moral dilemmas facing OD members. The problems raised in this article are also an attempt to understand the role of the OD in the implementation of the German government’s policy towards the Jews in the years 1940-1945, i.e. for the duration of the Jewish formation’s existence. Holocaust studies lacks sufficient research on the history of the OD in Krakow, and it is therefore very important to fill this gap in the literature.2 In German-occupied Poland, several terms referring to the Jewish police were used interchangeably. In printed and archival sources, the organization is often called Ordnungsdienst, OD, Jewish Order Service (literal translation from German), Order Service, or, simply, the Jewish police. Its members are commonly called odemani [translation: OD-men] or Jewish policemen

Collaborators, informers and agents in occupied Krakow : a contribution to further research

This study contributes new research exploring cases of collaboration with the German authorities and the phenomenon of delators (denouncers), informers and agents in occupied Krakow, as well as letters of denunciation. Cases linked to the blackmailing at the beginning of World War II of Jews, and as the war continued of colleagues and neighbours working for the resistance and of disliked relatives and in-laws are also taken into account. Letters written by Krakow inhabitants - some anonymous, others signed - are appraised for information contained therein on political, racial, economic, social and fi nancial matters. The article also describes the activities of the Polish resistance against collaborators and the post-war settling of scores through the Krakow Special Criminal Court in the early post-war years

Algebraic properties of the class of Sierpiński-Zygmund functions

AbstractSums, products and compositions with Sierpiński-Zygmund functions are investigated. Moreover, cardinal invariants connected with those operations are defined and studied

An optimization of network performance in IEEE 802.11ax dense networks

The paper focuses on the optimization of IEEE 802.11ax dense networks. The results were obtained with the use of the NS-3 simulator. Various network topologies were analyzed and compared. The advantage of using MSDU and MPDU aggregations in a dense network environment was shown. The process of improving the network performance for changes in the transmitter power value, CCA Threshold, and antenna gain was presented. The positive influence of BSS coloring mechanism on overal network efficiency was revealed. The influence of receiver sensitivity on network performance was determined

An IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer Covert Channel Based On Supported Rates

Wireless Local Area Networks present several vulnerabilities that are exploited, and as a result, numerous attacks have been developed and used against them. Although countermeasures to detect and eliminate such threats have been created throughout the years, few methods exist to prevent the attacks. IEEE 802.11 covert channels could be considered a candidate to prevent Wi-Fi attacks since they allow secret communication between the client station and the access point without establishing an association. They can be implemented in frames that attackers do not target. This paper presents a new covert channel that prevents Wi-Fi attacks. We also describe metrics, and discuss the performance results of the proposed solution. We show that the new protocol is able to achieve high efficiency of operation

An analysis of BSS coloring mechanism in IEEE 802.11ax dense networks

The paper presents an analysis of BSS coloring scheme defined in IEEE 802.11ax standard. The efficiency of dense networks for different scenarios was analyzed and compared. This analysis covers various topologies and work configurations through the use of multiple parameters of the PHY and MAC layers. A positive impact of the coloring mechanism on the QoS was observed. The study also analyzed the impact of the RTS/CTS mechanism on the obtained network performance and adequate prioritization of various traffic classes. It was shown that the proper selection of the coloring mechanism parameters in the IEEE 802.11ax standard has a strong impact on QoS and the performance of dense networks

Lineability, spaceability, and additivity cardinals for Darboux-like functions

We introduce the concept of maximal lineability cardinal number, mL(M), of a subset M of a topological vector space and study its relation to the cardinal numbers known as: additivity A(M), homogeneous lineability HL(M), and lineability L(M) of M. In particular, we will describe, in terms of L, the lineability and spaceability of the families of the following Darboux-like functions on R-n, n >= 1: extendable, Jones, and almost continuous function