Growth accounting in items of turbulence and death: efficiency, technology, capital accumulation and human capital 1929-1950

We employ a non-parametrical approach to growth accounting (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) to disentangle the proximate sources of labour productivity growth in 41 nations between 1929 and 1950 by decomposing productivity growth into four components: technological change; efficiency catch-up (movements towards the production frontier), capital accumulation and human capital accumulation. We show that efficiency catch-up generally explains productivity growth, whereas technological change and factor accumulation were limited and distorted by the effects of war. War clearly hampered efficiency. Moreover, an unbalanced ratio of human capital to physical capital (a gap to the technological leader) was crucial for efficiency catching-up.DEA, growth accounting, productivity, interwar period

Did Globalization Drive Convergence? Identifying Cross-Country Growth Regimes in the Long Run

This paper is the fi?rst to apply a fi?nite mixture model to a sample of 64 nations to endogenously analyze the cross-country growth behavior over the period 1870-2003. Results show that growth patterns were segmented in two worldwide regimes, the one characterized by convergence in per capita income, and the other by divergence. Interestingly, when three historical epochs are distinctly analyzed, in order to investigate the empirical link between globalization and convergence, the dynamics which dominated over the whole period seem to have emerged only during the post-1950 years. In contrast, the First Global Wave was marked by persistent heterogeneities.Globalization; Economic growth; Income convergence; Multiple regimes; Mixture models

Swedish regional GDP 1855-2000 : estimations and general trends in the Swedish regional system

This paper uses a method devised by Geary and Stark to estimate regional GDPs for 24 Swedish provinces 1855-2007. In empirical tests, we find that the Swedish estimations yield results of good precision, comparable to those reported in the international literature. From the literature, we generate six expectations concerning the development of regional GDPs in Sweden. Using the GDP estimations, we test these expectations empirically. We find that the historical regional GDPs show a high correlation over time, but that the early industrialization process co-evolved with a dramatic redistribution of productive capacity. We show that the regional inequalities in GDP per capita were at their lowest point in modern history in the early 1980s. However, while efficiency in the regional system has never been as equal, absolute regional differences in scale of production has increased dramatically over our investigated period. This process has especially benefited the metropolitan provinces. We also sketch a research agenda from our results.Industrialization, Regional inequality, Regional income, Economic growth

Did Globalization Lead to Segmentation? Identifying Cross-Country Growth Regimes in the Long-Run

Economic historians have stressed that income convergence was a key feature of the 'OECD-club' and that globalization was among the accelerating forces of this process in the long-run. This view has however been challenged, since it suffers from an ad hoc selection of countries. In the paper, a mixture model is applied to a sample of 64 countries to endogenously analyze the cross-country growth behavior over the period 1870-2003. Results show that growth patterns were segmented in two worldwide regimes, the fi?rst one being characterized by convergence, and the other one denoted by divergence. Interestingly, when three historical epochs are analyzed separately (1870-1913; 1913-1950; and 1950-2003), the dynamics which come to dominate over the whole period emerged only during the post-1950 years. In contrast, the First Global Wave was marked by global divergence. Therefore, history does not provide unambiguous evidence about globalization and convergence.globalization; economic growth; income convergence; multiple regimes; mixture models

Electrification and energy productivity

Efficiency in energy use is crucial for sustainable development. We use cointegration analyses to investigate the effect of electricity on energy productivity in Swedish industry 1930-1990. Electricity augmented energy productivity in those industrial branches that used electricity for multiple purposes. This productivity effect goes beyond “book-keeping effects”, i. e. it is not only the result of electricity being produced in one sector (taking the energy transformation losses) and consumed in another (receiving the benefits).Energy; electricity; sustainable development; productivity

Trends and cycles in regional economic growth : how spatial differences formed the Swedish growth experience 1860-2009.

Using a novel dataset on regional GDP per worker 1860-2009, this paper analyzes communalities in regional long-term growth trajectories for 24 Swedish provinces. Wavelet Analysis and Principal Component Analysis are used to decompose regional growth trajectories, and to assess to what extent growth in regions share common trend and cyclical properties. It is found that regional trend growth shows strong common features among groups of regions. Primarily natural resource rich regions benefited from the First Industrial Revolution. Contrary to regional development in many other European economies, a strong growth surge in Sweden later benefited virtually the whole country during the Second Industrial Revolution. Growth in this countrywide trend slowed down in the 1970s, when the metropolitan regions became main growth engines. In mid- and short-term cyclical movements regions display more heterogeneous growth patterns, and evidence of mid-term sequential lead-lag patterns in regional growth is found, especially between core and periphery.Economic history; Economic geography; Regional growth; Wavelet analysis; Sweden;

Isomorphic copies of l(1) for m-homogeneous non-analytic Bohnenblust-Hille polynomials

[EN] We employ a classical result by Toeplitz (1913) and the seminal work by Bohnenblust and Hille on Dirichlet series (1931) to show that the set of continuous m-homogeneous non-analytic polynomials on c(o) contains an isomorphic copy of l(1). Moreover, we can have this copy of l(1) in such a way that every non-zero element of it fails to be analytic at precisely the same point.This work was partially supported by Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, projects MTM201347093-P, MTM2014-57838-C2-2-P, and MTM2015-65825-PConejero, JA.; Seoane-Sepulveda, JB.; Sevilla Peris, P. (2017). Isomorphic copies of l(1) for m-homogeneous non-analytic Bohnenblust-Hille polynomials. Mathematische Nachrichten. 290(2-3):218-225. https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.201600082S2182252902-3Aron, R. M., Bernal-Gonzalez, L., Pellegrino, D. M., & Sepulveda, J. B. S. (2015). Lineability. doi:10.1201/b19277F. Bayart A. Defant L. Frerick M. Maestre P. Sevilla-Peris Multipliers of Dirichlet series and monomial series expansions of holomorphic functions in infinitely many variables, arXiv:1405.7205Bayart, F., Pellegrino, D., & Seoane-Sepúlveda, J. B. (2014). The Bohr radius of the n-dimensional polydisk is equivalent to(log⁡n)/n. Advances in Mathematics, 264, 726-746. doi:10.1016/j.aim.2014.07.029Bernal-González, L., Pellegrino, D., & Seoane-Sepúlveda, J. B. (2013). Linear subsets of nonlinear sets in topological vector spaces. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 51(1), 71-130. doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-2013-01421-6Bohnenblust, H. F., & Hille, E. (1931). On the Absolute Convergence of Dirichlet Series. The Annals of Mathematics, 32(3), 600. doi:10.2307/1968255Defant, A., Frerick, L., Ortega-Cerdà, J., Ounaïes, M., & Seip, K. (2011). The Bohnenblust-Hille inequality for homogeneous polynomials is hypercontractive. Annals of Mathematics, 174(1), 485-497. doi:10.4007/annals.2011.174.1.13Defant, A., & Sevilla-Peris, P. (2014). The Bohnenblust-Hille cycle of ideas from a modern point of view. Functiones et Approximatio Commentarii Mathematici, 50(1), 55-127. doi:10.7169/facm/2014.50.1.2Dineen, S. (1999). Complex Analysis on Infinite Dimensional Spaces. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0869-6Enflo, P. H., Gurariy, V. I., & Seoane-Sepúlveda, J. B. (2014). On Montgomery’s conjecture and the distribution of Dirichlet sums. Journal of Functional Analysis, 267(4), 1241-1255. doi:10.1016/j.jfa.2014.04.001Enflo, P. H., Gurariy, V. I., & Seoane-Sepúlveda, J. B. (2013). Some results and open questions on spaceability in function spaces. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 366(2), 611-625. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-2013-05747-9O. Toeplitz Über eine bei den Dirichletschen Reihen auftretende Aufgabe aus der Theorie der Potenzreihen von unendlichvielen Veränderlichen, Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 417 432 191

Development blocks and the second industrial revolution – Sweden 1900-1970

The paper explores development blocks around electrification at a 14 sector level in the Swedish economy 1900-1974. We suggest that long-run cointegration relations in combination with mutually Granger-causing short-run effects form a development block. One block centred on electricity that comprises five more sectors is found. In addition we demonstrate that increasing its electricity share makes a sector grow faster, and by testing the electricity share versus the growth rates we find another development block around electricity, party overlapping the first one.development block; electricity; GPT; second industrial revolution