PFKFB3 Control of Cancer Growth by Responding to Circadian Clock Outputs

Circadian clock dysregulation promotes cancer growth. Here we show that PFKFB3, the gene that encodes for inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase as an essential supporting enzyme of cancer cell survival through stimulating glycolysis, mediates circadian control of carcinogenesis. In patients with tongue cancers, PFKFB3 expression in both cancers and its surrounding tissues was increased significantly compared with that in the control, and was accompanied with dys-regulated expression of core circadian genes. In the in vitro systems, SCC9 tongue cancer cells displayed rhythmic expression of PFKFB3 and CLOCK that was distinct from control KC cells. Furthermore, PFKFB3 expression in SCC9 cells was stimulated by CLOCK through binding and enhancing the transcription activity of PFKFB3 promoter. Inhibition of PFKFB3 at zeitgeber time 7 (ZT7), but not at ZT19 caused significant decreases in lactate production and in cell proliferation. Consistently, PFKFB3 inhibition in mice at circadian time (CT) 7, but not CT19 significantly reduced the growth of implanted neoplasms. Taken together, these findings demonstrate PFKFB3 as a mediator of circadian control of cancer growth, thereby highlighting the importance of time-based PFKFB3 inhibition in cancer treatment.China National Science Foundation [31110103905, 31422022]; National Institutes of Health [HL108922, HL095556, R01DK095828, R01DK095862]; Hatch Program of the National Institutes of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]

Web Capture: Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR)

Web pages from the Office of Research Compliance discussing activities and standards related to the responsible conduct of research (RCR)

ARD News February 2007

CONTENTS: Comments from the Dean 120th ARD Annual Report Endeavors New or Revised Projects November and December 2006 Proposals Submitted for Federal Grants November and December 2006 Grants and Contracts Received for November and December 2006 Fall 2006 Graduate Censu

\u3ci\u3eIshtarella thailandica\u3c/i\u3e Martens, new genus, new species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphid parasitoid from Thailand, with a country checklist of Aphidiinae

Ishtarella Martens new genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and I. thailandica Martens new species are described and illustrated from Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan Province, Thailand. The genus is assigned to the tribe Aphidiini, subtribe Trioxina. Based on morphology, Ishtarella appears most closely related to Binodoxys Mackauer. An updated checklist of the aphidiine fauna of Thailand, based on published records, is presented. Parasitoid wasps in the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) comprise about 60 genera and more than 650 species worldwide (Yu et al. 2016). The Aphidiinae of Thailand were all but unknown prior to a Thai­land Inventory Group for Entomological Research (TIGER) project from 2006–2009 (Starý et al. 2008). As part of the TIGER project the Thai aphidiine fauna was surveyed using Malaise and pan traps; 20 species collectively representing 15 genera were reported from mixed deciduous or pine forests from 230 m to 2500 m above sea level (Starý et al. 2008, 2010a, 2010b). Although there are no identification keys to the Thai Aphidiinae, genus-level identifications can be made using the keys presented in Starý and Schlinger (1967), Starý and Ghosh (1983), Raychaudhuri (1990), and Chen and Shi (2001). The new genus described herein is assigned to the tribe Aphidiini, subtribe Trioxina. Females of most genera in this subtribe possess an elongate and curved ovipositor sheath and ovipositor. Additionally, females of some genera, like Binodoxys Mackauer and Trioxys Haliday, possess distinctive hypopygial prongs that are used to hold and restrain the aphid host during oviposition (Völkl and Mackauer 2000)

Effect of Dietary Starch Source and Concentration on Equine Fecal Microbiota

Starch from corn is less susceptible to equine small intestinal digestion than starch from oats, and starch that reaches the hindgut can be utilized by the microbiota. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of starch source on equine fecal microbiota. Thirty horses were assigned to treatments: control (hay only), HC (high corn), HO (high oats), LC (low corn), LO (low oats), and LW (low pelleted wheat middlings). Horses received an all-forage diet (2 wk; d -14 to d -1) before the treatment diets (2 wk; d 1 to 14). Starch was introduced gradually so that horses received 50% of the assigned starch amount (high = 2 g starch/kg BW; low = 1 g starch/kg BW) by d 4 and 100% by d 11. Fecal samples were obtained at the end of the forage-only period (S0; d -2), and on d 6 (S1) and d 13 (S2) of the treatment period. Cellulolytics, lactobacilli, Group D Gram-positive cocci (GPC), lactate-utilizers and amylolytics were enumerated. Enumeration data were log transformed and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. There were sample day × treatment interactions (P \u3c 0.0001) for all bacteria enumerated. Enumerations from control horses did not change during the sampling period (P \u3e 0.05). All treatments except LO resulted in increased amylolytics and decreased cellulolytics, but the changes were larger in horses fed corn and wheat middlings (P \u3c 0.05). Feeding oats resulted in increased lactobacilli and decreased GPC (P \u3c 0.05), while corn had the opposite effects. LW had increased lactobacilli and GPC (P \u3c 0.05). The predominant amylolytic isolates from HC, LC and LW on S2 were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing as Enterococcus faecalis, but other species were found in oat fed horses. These results demonstrate that starch source can have a differential effect on the equine fecal microbiota

ARD News February 2007

Contents: Comments from the Dean 120th ARD Annual Report Endeavors New or Revised Projects November and December 2006 Proposals Submitted for Federal Grants November and December 2006 Grants and Contracts Received for November and December 200

A new state record of \u3ci\u3eEucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in South Dakota, USA

Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Cockerell, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is newly recorded for the state of South Dakota, USA. The bees were sampled predominantly with blue vane traps, and E. kansensis was associated with a wide range of habitats that did not include its primary floral resources of Cucurbita L. and Ipomoea L. Further study is warranted to determine the basis for the association of E. kansensis within the wide range of habitats in this study. The longhorn bee tribe Eucerini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a widespread and diverse group of solitary bees that includes important pollinators of both wild and agricultural plants (Dorchin et al. 2018). Based on revised phylo­genetic analyses, several members of the tribe were recently reduced to subgeneric rank within the genus Eucera (Dorchin et al. 2018). One of the groups subsumed into Eucera was the large squash bees of the genus Xenoglossa, now treated as a subgenus, which consists of oligoleges that collect pollen from the flowers of Cucurbita L. and Ipomoea L. (Hurd et al. 1971; Fowler 2020). Eucera (Xenoglossa) is morphologically distinct from congenerics by having a small tooth on the inner basal margin of each mandible (Hurd and Linsley 1964; Ascher and Pickering 2022). Eucera (Xenoglossa) consist of seven species distributed from Central America to the northern regions of the United States of America (USA) (Michener 2007). Two species, E. strenua (Cresson, 1878) and E. kansensis (Linnaeus, 1763), are distributed throughout much of the USA (Ascher and Pickering 2022). In this paper, we add a state new record for South Dakota to the known geographic distribution of E. kansensis (Fig. 1) within the country.

Effect of Dietary Starch Source and Concentration on Equine Fecal Microbiota

Starch from corn is less susceptible to equine small intestinal digestion than starch from oats, and starch that reaches the hindgut can be utilized by the microbiota. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of starch source on equine fecal microbiota. Thirty horses were assigned to treatments: control (hay only), HC (high corn), HO (high oats), LC (low corn), LO (low oats), and LW (low pelleted wheat middlings). Horses received an all-forage diet (2 wk; d -14 to d -1) before the treatment diets (2 wk; d 1 to 14). Starch was introduced gradually so that horses received 50% of the assigned starch amount (high = 2 g starch/kg BW; low = 1 g starch/kg BW) by d 4 and 100% by d 11. Fecal samples were obtained at the end of the forage-only period (S0; d -2), and on d 6 (S1) and d 13 (S2) of the treatment period. Cellulolytics, lactobacilli, Group D Gram-positive cocci (GPC), lactate-utilizers and amylolytics were enumerated. Enumeration data were log transformed and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. There were sample day × treatment interactions (P \u3c 0.0001) for all bacteria enumerated. Enumerations from control horses did not change during the sampling period (P \u3e 0.05). All treatments except LO resulted in increased amylolytics and decreased cellulolytics, but the changes were larger in horses fed corn and wheat middlings (P \u3c 0.05). Feeding oats resulted in increased lactobacilli and decreased GPC (P \u3c 0.05), while corn had the opposite effects. LW had increased lactobacilli and GPC (P \u3c 0.05). The predominant amylolytic isolates from HC, LC and LW on S2 were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing as Enterococcus faecalis, but other species were found in oat fed horses. These results demonstrate that starch source can have a differential effect on the equine fecal microbiota