227 research outputs found

    Apprentissage coopératif et complémentarité des mécanismes de coordination : une étude empirique

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    L'objet de cet article est de comprendre l'apprentissage de la coopération et ses mécanismes de coordination avant d'envisager l'apprentissage par la coopération. A partir d'une étude empirique basée sur une double enquête statistique et qualitative dans des firmes de moins de 500 salariés et menée dans quatre secteurs d'activité très distincts, nous soulignons comment les firmes mobilisent tout un dispositif organisationnel pour coopérer. L'étude a identifié, de façon très pragmatique, les mécanismes de coordination supportant les activités coopératives des PME. Le passage progressif de la coordination par la prescription à la coordination dans l'action est nuancé, pour souligner la multiplicité et la complémentarité des modes de coordination. La confiance et le contrat sont ainsi utilisés de façon conjointe. Les règles organisationnelles et les routines organisationnelles jouent, par ailleurs, un rôle important pour faire évoluer la coordination et diminuer l'incertitude relationnelle et cognitive. Les résultats obtenus questionnent enfin l'intentionnalité partenariale pour permettre à la coopération de se transformer en un levier de potentielle diversification des activités initiales.

    Using lasers for cleaning ceramic and plaster patrimonial objects

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    International audienceTraditional cleaning techniques (sandblasting, chemical, ...) turn out to be ineffective or damaging on some ceramics and plaster objects. It's especially true on outdoor ceramics covered with black crust or indoor biscuits wares and plasters exposed to dust and repeated handling. The use of lasers to remove dirt, such as for stone, has then been considered. This paper study the behavior of these materials under the impact of different type of lasers irradiation (Nd:YAG first and third harmonic, excimer,...). According to the type of dirt and underlying material, the effectiveness of cleaning depends on the laser wavelength and its energy density. The results are satisfactory with no damage and no coloration change on plaster cleaning by Nd:YAG third harmoni

    Older drivers' self-regulation: discrepancy reduction or region of proximal learning?

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    We examined older adults' self-regulation within the region of proximal learning (RPL) framework. Younger and older drivers completed four circuits of increasing difficulty in a driving simulator and were then given a limited amount of time to train for a test. While older drivers chose to train on easier circuits than younger ones, both age groups focused on the easier circuits first, only moving to the more difficult ones later. They were thus equally able to identify their RPL. This framework appears to apply beyond the obvious scope of metamemory and provides a behavioral assessment of self-regulation in driving settings

    Personne et histoire. Construction du sens et création de soi

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    A paraître en 2013 dans l'ouvrage: A. Baubion-Broye, R. Dupuy & Y. Prêteur (Eds.), Penser la socialisation en psychologie. Actualité de l'oeuvre de Philippe Malrieu. Ramonville St-Agne : Erès.Trong phần làm phim của Philippe Malrieu và những người sáng lập tâm lý học lịch sử và văn hóa (J-Bruner, I. Meyerson, LS Vygotsky, H. Wallon) và tâm lý học phân tích (CG Jung), văn bản này đề xuất một phản ánh phê phán xung quanh giáo điều về tính phổ quát của các cấu trúc, bị tố cáo bởi Malrieu (1978) và Meyerson (1973). Thay đổi cấu trúc phụ thuộc vào sự phát triển của các chức năng, động lực của các biến đổi của chúng. Con người được cấu thành như một quá trình chủ quan năng động, được xây dựng từ các tương tác xung đột phát triển với đa số không đồng nhất của môi trường thể chế, xã hội và văn hóa. Lịch sử của sự phát triển cá nhân và tập thể là sự xây dựng kinh nghiệm mang tính biểu tượng và bán động, một sáng tạo nguyên bản thông qua sự trung gian của công việc phức tạp này là một nền văn hóa. Hoạt động sáng tạo này dựa một phần vào khả năng của con người trong việc kể chuyện và xây dựng ý nghĩa của cuộc đời anh ta trong câu chuyện về lịch sử sống hay tưởng tượng của anh ta và trong lời khen ngợi về những cam kết của anh ta. Các chủ đề sau được đề cập: 1. Chức năng tâm lý, tác phẩm và văn hóa - 2. Lịch sử của người: Malrieu, ngoài Meyerson và Wallon - 3. Đồng xây dựng con người: giữa những thay đổi lịch sử xã hội và khủng hoảng tâm lý - 4. Tâm lý học lịch sử và tâm lý học phân tích: tìm kiếm bản thân - 5. Cá nhân hóa, sáng tạo và cam kếtIn the filiation of Philippe Malrieu and the founders of historic and cultural psychology (J-Bruner, I. Meyerson, L-S. Vygotsky, H. Wallon) and of the analytical psychology (C-G. Jung), this text proposes a critical reflexion around the dogma of the universality of the structures, denounced by Malrieu (1978) and Meyerson (1973). The changes of structures depend on the evolution of the functions, on the dynamics of their transformations. The Person constitutes as dynamic process of subjectivation, elaborated from conflicting interactions which develop with the heterogeneous plurality of the institutional, social and cultural circles. The story of the individual and collective development is the one of a symbolic and semiotic construction of the experience, an original creation by the mediation of this complex work that is a culture. This activity of creation bases partially on the capacity of the human being to tell stories and to build the sense of its life in the narrative of its real-life or fantasized story and in the praxis of its commitments. The following themes are approached: 1. Psychological functions, tools and cultures - 2. History of person (s): Malrieu, beyond Meyerson and beyond Wallon - 3. Co-construction of the person: between socio-historic changes and psychological crises - 4. Historic psychology and analytical psychology: a quest of the Self - 5. Personalization, creation and commitmentEn la filiación de Philippe Malrieu y los fundadores de la psicología histórica y cultural (J-Bruner, I. Meyerson, LS Vygotsky, H. Wallon) y la psicología analítica (CG Jung), este texto propone una reflexión crítica sobre El dogma de la universalidad de las estructuras, denunciado por Malrieu (1978) y Meyerson (1973). Los cambios estructurales dependen de la evolución de las funciones, la dinámica de sus transformaciones. La Persona se constituye como un proceso dinámico de subjetivación, elaborado a partir de las interacciones conflictivas que se desarrollan con la heterogénea pluralidad de entornos institucionales, sociales y culturales. La historia del desarrollo individual y colectivo es la de una construcción simbólica y semiótica de la experiencia, una creación original a través de la mediación de este complejo trabajo que es una cultura. Esta actividad creativa se basa en parte en la capacidad del ser humano para contar historias y construir el significado de su vida en la historia de su historia vivida o fantaseada y en la praxis de sus compromisos. Se tratan los siguientes temas: 1. Funciones psicológicas, obras y culturas - 2. Historia de la persona (s): Malrieu, más allá de Meyerson y Wallon - 3. Co-construcción de la persona: entre cambios sociohistóricos y crisis psicológicas - 4. Psicología histórica y psicología analítica: una búsqueda del Ser - 5. Personalización, creación y compromisoDans la filiation de Philippe Malrieu et des fondateurs de la psychologie historique et culturelle (J-Bruner, I. Meyerson, L-S. Vygotsky, H. Wallon) et de la psychologie analytique (C-G. Jung), ce texte propose une réflexion critique autour du dogme de l'universalité des structures, dénoncé par Malrieu (1978) et Meyerson (1973). Les changements de structures dépendent de l'évolution des fonctions, de la dynamique de leurs transformations. La Personne se constitue comme processus dynamique de subjectivation, élaboré à partir des interactions conflictuelles qui se développent avec la pluralité hétérogène des milieux institutionnels, sociaux et culturels. L'histoire du développement individuel et collectif est celle d'une construction symbolique et sémiotique de l'expérience, une création originale par la médiation de cette oeuvre complexe qu'est une culture. Cette activité de création repose en partie sur la capacité de l'humain à raconter des histoires et à construire le sens de sa vie dans le récit de son histoire vécue ou fantasmée et dans la praxis de ses engagements. Sont abordés les thèmes suivants : 1. Fonctions psychologiques, oeuvres et cultures - 2. Histoire de personne (s) : Malrieu, au-delà de Meyerson et de Wallon - 3. Co-construction de la personne : entre changements socio-historiques et crises psychologiques - 4. Psychologie historique et psychologie analytique : une quête du Soi - 5. Personnalisation, création et engagementនៅក្នុងការធ្វើត្រាប់តាមហ្វីលីពម៉ាល់ឡៃនិងស្ថាបនិកនៃចិត្តវិទ្យាប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តនិងវប្បធម៌ (J-Bruner, I. Meyerson, LS Vygotsky, H. Wallon) និងចិត្តវិទ្យាវិភាគ (CG Jung) អត្ថបទនេះស្នើឱ្យមានការឆ្លុះបញ្ចាំងយ៉ាងសំខាន់នៅជុំវិញ ជំនឿចិត្តនៃភាពជាសកលនៃរចនាសម្ព័ន្ធដែលត្រូវបានបរិហារដោយម៉ាលីរ៉ូវ (១៩៧៨) និងម៉ីសាន់ (១៩៧៣) ។ ការផ្លាស់ប្តូររចនាសម្ព័ន្ធអាស្រ័យលើការវិវត្តនៃមុខងារភាពស្វាហាប់នៃការផ្លាស់ប្តូររបស់ពួកគេ។ បុគ្គលនេះត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងជាដំណើរការប្រកបដោយភាពស្វាហាប់នៃប្រធានបទដែលត្រូវបានពន្យល់លម្អិតពីអន្តរកម្មដែលមានវិវាទដែលមានពហុវចនៈច្រើនលើសលុបនៃបរិដ្ឋានសង្គមសង្គមនិងវប្បធម៌។ ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តនៃការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍បុគ្គលនិងសមូហភាពគឺជាបទពិសោធនៃការស្ថាបនានិមិត្តរូបនិង semiotic ដែលជាការបង្កើតដើមតាមរយៈការសម្រុះសម្រួលនៃការងារស្មុគស្មាញនេះដែលជាវប្បធម៌។ សកម្មភាពច្នៃប្រឌិតនេះពឹងផ្អែកលើសមត្ថភាពរបស់មនុស្សក្នុងការនិទានរឿងនិងបង្កើតអត្ថន័យនៃជីវិតរបស់គាត់នៅក្នុងរឿងរ៉ាវប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តដែលបានរស់នៅឬរវើរវាយនិងនៅក្នុងការនិយាយអំពីការប្តេជ្ញាចិត្តរបស់គាត់។ ប្រធានបទខាងក្រោមនេះត្រូវបានគ្របដណ្តប់ៈ ១. មុខងារចិត្តសាស្ត្រការងារនិងវប្បធម៌ - ២ ។ វិបត្តិចិត្តសាស្ត្រ - ចិត្តវិទ្យាប្រវត្តិវិទ្យានិងចិត្តវិទ្យាវិភាគ៖ ដំណើរស្វែងរកខ្លួនឯង - ៥ ការបង្កើតផ្ទាល់ខ្លួននិងការប្តេជ្ញាចិត្តNa filiação de Philippe Malrieu e dos fundadores da psicologia histórica e cultural (J-Bruner, I. Meyerson, LS Vygotsky, H. Wallon) e da psicologia analítica (CG Jung), este texto propõe uma reflexão crítica em torno o dogma da universalidade das estruturas, denunciado por Malrieu (1978) e Meyerson (1973). As mudanças estruturais dependem da evolução das funções, da dinâmica de suas transformações. A Pessoa é constituída como um processo dinâmico de subjetivação, elaborado a partir das interações conflituosas que se desenvolvem com a pluralidade heterogênea de ambientes institucionais, sociais e culturais. A história do desenvolvimento individual e coletivo é a de uma construção simbólica e semiótica da experiência, uma criação original por meio da mediação desse complexo trabalho que é uma cultura. Essa atividade criativa baseia-se em parte na capacidade do ser humano de contar histórias e construir o sentido de sua vida na história de sua história vivida ou fantasiada e na práxis de seus compromissos. Os seguintes tópicos são abordados: 1. Funções psicológicas, obras e culturas - 2. História da (s) pessoa (s): Malrieu, além de Meyerson e Wallon - 3. Co-construção da pessoa: entre mudanças sócio-históricas e crises psicológicas - 4. Psicologia histórica e psicologia analítica: uma busca pelo Self - 5. Personalização, criação e comprometiment

    Capacités d’absorption et d’interaction : une étude de la coopération dans les PME françaises

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    La coopération est fréquemment envisagée comme un levier pour l’innovation dans les PME, notamment à l’égard de leurs ressources internes limitées. A travers une étude menée auprès de plus de 600 PME françaises (combinant approches qualitative et quantitative), nous mettons en évidence les facteurs d’apprentissage et d’innovation par la coopération. Les résultats économétriques montrent, tout d’abord, que l’innovation par la coopération repose sur une complémentarité et une articulation des capacités organisationnelles (absorption) et inter-organisationnelles (interaction). Par ailleurs, l’exploration par la coopération repose moins sur un pilotage et une stratégie délibérée que sur une recherche active et actualisée d’opportunités d’apprentissage se traduisant par une évolution et une redéfinition des frontières et du périmètre de la relation.Cooperation is frequently considered as a key ingredient for innovation for SMEs, particularly when considering their limited internal resources. Using a survey conducted among more than 600 French SMEs (combining quantitative and qualitative data), we shall highlight the factors related to learning and innovation through cooperation. Econometric results first show that innovation through cooperation relies on the complementarity and articulation of both organisational (absorption) and inter-organisational (interaction) capacities. Secondly, exploration through cooperation relies less on monitoring and deliberation than on active and up to date research on learning opportunities, which leads to the evolution and the redefinition of the frontiers and perimeter of the relation

    Buts d'accomplissement de soi et jugement métacognitif des aides en EIAH

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    International audienceLe but de cette étude est d'étudier l'effet des buts d'accomplissement de soi et des jugements métacognitifs de l'individu sur sa recherche d'aide instrumentale ou exécutive au sein d'un site web d'apprentissage en statistique. 49 étudiants ont participé à l'étude. Les résultats montrent que (1) le but de maîtrise est lié positivement à la recherche d'aide instrumentale et positivement à la recherche d'aide exécutive de l'apprenant, (2) le but de performance d'évitement est lié négativement à la recherche d'aide exécutive, (3) la perception d'une menace sur son besoin d'autonomie est lié négativement à la recherche d'aide instrumentale, (4) la perception d'une menace sur ses compétences est reliée négativement à la recherche d'aide exécutive

    Capacité d'absorption et d'interaction : une étude de la coopération dans les PME françaises

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    International audienceTest économétrique de la notion de capacité d'apsortion sur un échantillon de 400 PME en France dans plusieurs industries et services

    Introduction

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    Intitulé « Parcours doctoral en SIC : littérature scientifique, méthodes et terrains », ce dossier aborde diverses problématiques soulevées par l’itinéraire scientifique de neuf jeunes chercheurs. La thèse est, en effet, un chemin semé d’embûches, au cours duquel les doctorants se forment au difficile, mais fécond, apprentissage de la recherche. Il s’agit d’une expérience qui marque le cheminement universitaire et fait émerger des questionnements qui trouvent un écho bien au-delà du simple ca..

    Critical review on proteotypic peptide marker tracing for six allergenic ingredients in incurred foods by mass spectrometry

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    Peptide marker identification is one of the most important steps in the development of a mass spectrometry (MS) based method for allergen detection, since the robustness and sensitivity of the overall analytical method will strictly depend on the reliability of the proteotypic peptides tracing for each allergen. The European legislation in place issues the mandatory labelling of fourteen allergenic ingredients whenever used in different food formulations. Among these, six allergenic ingredients, namely milk, egg, peanut, soybean, hazelnut and almond, can be prioritized in light of their higher occurrence in food recalls for undeclared presence with serious risk decision. In this work, we described the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on MS-based allergen detection aiming at collecting all available information about proteins and peptide markers validated in independent studies for the six allergenic ingredients of interest. The main features of the targeted proteins were commented reviewing all details available about known isoforms and sequence homology particularly in plant-derived allergens. Several critical aspects affecting peptide markers reliability were discussed and according to this evaluation a final short-list of candidate markers was compiled likely to be standardized and implemented in MS methods for allergen analysis

    13C—methyl formate : observations of a sample of high mass starforming regions including Orion—KL and spectroscopic characterization

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    We have surveyed a sample of massive star-forming regions located over a range of distances from the Galactic centre for methyl formate, HCOOCH3, and its isotopologues H13COOCH3 and HCOO13CH3. The observations were carried out with the APEX telescope in the frequency range 283.4-287.4 GHz. Based on the APEX observations, we report tentative detections of the 13C-methyl formate isotopologue HCOO13CH3 towards the following four massive star-forming regions: Sgr B2(N-LMH), NGC 6334 IRS 1, W51 e2 and G19.61-0.23. In addition, we have used the 1 mm ALMA science verification observations of Orion-KL and confirm the detection of the 13C-methyl formate species in Orion-KL and image its spatial distribution. Our analysis shows that the 12C/13C isotope ratio in methyl formate toward Orion-KL Compact Ridge and Hot Core-SW components (68.4±10.1 and 71.4±7.8, respectively) are, for both the 13C-methyl formate isotopologues, commensurate with the average 12C/13C ratio of CO derived toward Orion-KL. Likewise, regarding the other sources, our results are consistent with the 12C/13C in CO. We also report the spectroscopic characterization, which includes a complete partition function, of the complex H13COOCH3 and HCOO13CH3 species. New spectroscopic data for both isotopomers H13COOCH3 and HCOO13CH3, presented in this study, has made it possible to measure this fundamentally important isotope ratio in a large organic molecule for the first time.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 1008800. We are grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain for the financial support through grant No. FIS2011-28738-C02-02 and to the French Government through grant No. ANR-08-BLAN-0054 and the French PCMI (Programme National de Physique Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire). This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA#2011.0.00009.SV.ALMAis a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. C.F. thanks Dahbia Talbi, Eric Herbst, and Anthony Remijan for enlightening discussions. Finally, we thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments
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