An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably.formal and informal and labor market, evolutionary game theory.

Teoria econômica da empresa multinacional: uma resenha teórica das principais contribuições nos anos 1980 e 1990

A Empresa Multinacional (EMN) é definida como uma companhia que possui atividades produtivas (plantas) em mais de um país. Sua precursora é grande empresa americana, que, ao aprender a se expandir nacionalmente, consegue também crescer internacionalmente seguindo o mesmo modelo. Analisando históricamente, pode-se observar que o período imediatamente após a segunda Guerra Mundial é caracterizado pela reconstrução da Europa e pela consolidação dos EUA como potência soberana. Entretanto, após a década de 60, a recuperação da Europa e Japão torna-se um empecilho para o crescimento das empresas norte-americanas. Dado que estas possuíam numerosas vantagens de organização e tecnologia frente à concorrência destes, a expansão internacional foi a melhor alternativa para manter o crescimento. Nos próximos capítulos serão apresentados mais modelos teóricos que explicam a Empresa Multinacional

Informação e incentivo na regulação das telecomunicações no Brasil

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, 2013.Este trabalho tem como objetivo entender os problemas de incentivo e informação assimétrica na regulação das telecomunicações no país, com foco na avaliação de eficiência e eficácia do devido processo legal no Brasil. Em uma análise inicial, apresenta-se um estudo detalhado a respeito da importância do devido processo legal na estrutura econômica e jurídica de um país, e analisa-se o estágio de desenvolvimento desse instrumento de legalidade no Brasil. Utiliza-se, em seguida, da teoria econômica, em particular da economia da informação e dos incentivos, para identificar e avaliar os problemas de seleção e incentivos adversos no âmbito da regulação das telecomunicações no Brasil fomentados pelos mecanismos dos procedimentos de apuração de descumprimento de obrigações – Pados, na forma em que são implantados atualmente na Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações - Anatel. Os problemas de informação assimétrica são identificados teoricamente e sua existência confirmada por meio de testes econométricos. Após a identificação dos problemas de seleção adversa e perigo moral, emprega-se a teoria dos jogos e a teoria dos desenhos de mecanismos para propor um sistema original de pontuação por penalidade, semelhante àquele aplicado aos motoristas infratores de trânsito, visando alinhar os incentivos entre regulador e regulados na área de telecomunicações no país. Naturalmente, o mecanismo de incentivo proposto tem potencial para inúmeras aplicações nos mais diversos setores regulados como a eletricidade, os transportes terrestres e aéreos, os planos de saúde, entre outros. Este trabalho, portanto, debruçou-se sobre a existência de falhas regulatórias no devido processo legal utilizado por toda a administração pública, apresentando possíveis técnicas para a apreciação de seleção adversa e perigo moral e propondo um desenho de mecanismo fácil e passível de ser introduzindo, melhorando a eficiência e eficácia de processos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study aims to understand the problems of asymmetric information and incentives throughout the telecommunications' regulatory process, focusing on efficiency and efficacy of the due process of law in Brazil. In an initial analysis, a detailed study of the economical and juridical importance of the due process of law is carried out, and the development stage of this legal framework is assessed for the country. An economical approach, in particular the informational and incentives economics, is used to identify and evaluate the adverse incentive and selection problems in the Brazilian telecommunications' regulation in the form of non-compliance processes, nourished in the National Telecommunications'' Agency - Anatel. The asymmetric informational problems are theoretically identified and their existence inferred by econometric analysis. After the identification of adverse selection and moral hazard in the processes, game theory and mechanism design are employed to propose the use of an original point-record system for sanctioning, much alike those applied to driving infractions, with the aim of realigning incentives between regulator and regulated in the telecommunications area in Brazil. Naturally, this incentive mechanism has potential usage in many regulatory fields, whether it be in electric, transports, health plans, among others. This work, thus, analyzed regulatory flaws in the due process of law, used by all public administration, presenting possible techniques for identifying adverse selection and moral hazard, as well as presenting an incentive mechanism easy to deploy, enhancing efficiency and efficacy of public process

Yeast-derived biosynthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles and their antiproliferative activity against bacteria

Here, we provide the first evidence of yeast strains assisted Ag/AgCl-NPs production in vitro. The formed nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic and electron microscopy approaches. UV-vis supported the biosynthesis. TEM analysis evidenced that the nanoparticles mainly presented a circular shape and their diameters varied mostly being in the range 2 to 10 nm. XRD analysis showed a crystalline structure, with diffraction peaks corresponding to metallic silver and silver chloride nanoparticles, and when analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), instead of being round, (111) (octahedral) and (200) (cubic) symmetry facets appeared systematically in one side of the nanoparticles. Analysis of ultra-thin sections by TEM indicated that the domain of the synthesis of Ag/AgCl-NPs was mainly between the cell wall and the plasma membrane. By using 3D reconstruction obtained from focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) the spatial distribution of the domains of nanoparticle synthesis was mapped and nanoaggregates of Ag/AgCl-NPs up 35 nm in diameter were observed. Extracellular synthesis also occurred; in accordance with the fact that conditioned media from yeast isolates were as efficient at producing Ag/AgCl-NPs as live-cell cultures. Exposure of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae cultures to Ag/AgCl-NPs led to a strong growth inhibition as shown by optical density measurements. The Ag/AgCl-NPs described here have characteristics compatible with a strong potential for use in the biotechnology industry, particularly for biomedical applications

Effectiveness of the use of non-hydrolysed type II collagen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of treating osteoarthritis with the use of type II non-denatured collagen (UCII). Methods: This is a study of systematic review and meta-analysis based on searches for randomized controlled clinical trials carried out in the PUBMED, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. 2009 and 2020 studies that analyzed the effectiveness of UCII in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis using clinical and / or radiographic criteria and based on WOMAC and VAS scores were included. Results: A total of 4.850 references were found in the literature. When applying the inclusion criteria, there were only 4 studies suitable for selection, and 3 of them were possible to be included in the meta-analysis. All studies were carried out in patients with knee osteoarthritis and the total sample was 202 patients. Meta-analysis of WOMAC and VAS scores was performed in the three independent studies according to the intervention adopted, and heterogeneity was not significant in both (τ² = 0.0; I² = 0%). In the WOMAC and VAS scores, the point estimate for the difference in standardized means was -0.44 (95% CI=-0.72 to -0.16; 0.002) and -0.37 (95% CI = - 0.65 to -0.09; 0.010) respectively, thus, the intervention group had positive effects and favorable results compared to the control group. There was no publication bias for the WOMAC and VAS outcomes; Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the use of the UCII is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis to improve parameters of pain and mobility on WOMAC and VAS parameters

An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably

An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably

Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro (PNSF)

Objetivo: realizar uma análise descritiva e crítica sobre o desempenho deste sistema. Método: desenho do tipo retrospectivo com a utilização de dados primários (entrevistas com profissionais de saúde, gestores e usuários do programa), e secundários (dados do SI do PNSF e relatórios da Coordenação Geral de Alimentação e Nutrição, da gestão estadual e municipal, dentre outros documentos). Na análise da qualidade e pertinência da informação foram utilizadas as categorias: completude, confiabilidade, atualidade, acesso, fidedignidade, correção das metas, e coerência da informação com as metas e políticas vigentes. Resultados: apesar do SI dispor de dados de fácil acesso, os resultados apontaram erros no estabelecimento das metas e coberturas do programa e alimentação dos dados. A acessibilidade também foi prejudicada impedindo a utilização dos dados para tomada de decisão tanto no nível local, intermediário e nacional. Ademais, sérios problemas de planejamento decorrentes, pelo menos em parte, da cultura institucional que alicerça as práticas de saúde e mantém a informação como segredo ou recurso de poder político e burocrático, foram encontrados. Conclusão: Estudos e intervenções no sentido do aclaramento e resolução destas questões poderão contribuir para o aprimoramento dos sistemas de informação em saúde, de maneira a permitir o controle e redução da anemia por deficiência de ferro. AbstractObjectives: This article aimed to perform a descriptive and critique analysis of this system performance using as research outline the generation and use of data at the municipal level. Methods: The retrospective design used interviews with health professionals, managers and users of the program as the primary data, and, SI PNSF data and reports from the General Commission of Food and Nutrition, the state and municipal management, among other documents as a secondary material. The quality and relevance of the information was analyzed through the categories: completeness, reliability, timeliness, access, correction of goals and consistency of the information with the goals of health politics. Results: Despite the SI have easily accessible data, the results showed errors in setting national goals and program coverage, in addition to wrong data input by local coordinators. Accessibility was also affected, disallowing the use of data for decision making at the local, intermediate and national levels. Finally, there were serious planning problems arising, at least in part, the institutional culture that underpins health practices and maintains the information as secret or as political and bureaucratic power resource. Conclusion: Studies and interventions towards the clearing and settlement of these issues could contribute to the improvement of health information systems, and in particular the PNSF, so as to allow the control and reduction of iron deficiency anemia in children and pregnant Brazilian women