Existence and Uniqueness of Stochastic PDEs associated with the Forward Equations: An Approach using Alternate Norms

We consider stochastic PDEs $$dY_t = L(Y_t)\, dt + A(Y_t).\, dB_t, t > 0$$ and associated PDEs $$du_t = L u_t\, dt, t > 0$$ with regular initial conditions. Here, $L$ and $A$ are certain partial differential operators involving multiplication by smooth functions and are of the order two and one respectively, and in special cases are associated with finite dimensional diffusion processes. This PDE also includes Kolmogorov's Forward Equation (Fokker-Planck Equation) as a special case. We first prove a Monotonicity inequality for the pair $(L, A)$ and using this inequality, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the Stochastic PDE and the PDE. In addition, a stochastic representation for the solution to the PDE is also established

OPTIMIZATION OF CAPILLARY ACTION & BRASS CONSUMPTION IN DIP-BRAZING OF ROADSTER BICYCLE FRAMES

This paper describes the requirements of joint clearance between the mating parts, of lugged bicycle frame head, to be brazed by flow of molten filler material (brass) between the micro gap due to capillary action. Tolerance analysis was done to establish the practical requirements of clearances essential to facilitate the assembly of the bicycle frame tubes and mating head lugs. Consumption of brass was computed, by weight measurements, after dip brazing of the lugged joints. Excessive joint clearance between the mating parts was reduced, by cold compaction of the assembled joint on mechanical power press using a press tool. The compacted joints were dip brazed by dipping it partially in the molten brass. Comparison of tensile strength of the brazed joints was done with respect to the strength of parent steel tubes. Brazed samples were sectioned to confirm the flow of brass all along the length of the lugs with improved capillary action. Thickness of the micro layer of the brass between the lug bore and tube outer surface was measured on optical microscope. Reduction in brass consumption due to reduced clearance was estimated volumetrically between the contact area between the lugs and the tubes

The morphological and phenological performance of different cotton genotypes under different plant density

The field experiment conducted with different plant density and different Genotypes showed significant differences in their morphological characters and phenological characters. Among the genotypes, AKA-7 possessed higher plant height (116.4 cm), No. of sympodia (19.27 plant-1) and leaf area index (3.628) compared to other geno-types but leaf area (33.02 dm-2) and dry matter weight (103.21g/plant) were recorded higher with genotype Balwan. However, Normal plant density (100%) was registered higher plant height (102.6 cm), no of sympodia (17.33 plant-1), leaf area (27.02 dm2) and dry matter weight (58.13 g/plant) but higher leaf area index (3.430) was recorded with higher plant density (200%). Among the genotypes, AKH-081 was comparatively earlier in phenological characters i.e. first square (47.9 days), first flower (67.9 days), first boll burst (116.1 days), first picking (128.7 days) and final picking (178 days). However, Higher planting density (200%) was recorded earlier in first square (49.3 day), first flower (67.8 days), first boll burst (116.9 days), first picking (130.6 day) and final picking (179.7 days). On the basis of this experiment, genotype Balwan and normal planting density level (100%) recorded higher morphological development wherever phenological development recorded earlier with the each respective phenophase in the Gen-otype AKH-081 and highest planting density level (200%)

Effect of sowing dates and varieties on soybean performance in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India

oybean production is widely fluctuating in response to agro-environmental conditions year to year in Vidarbha region. Weather variations are the major determinants of soybean growth and yield. It is also important to study the response of suitable soybean varieties to varying weather parameters. So a field investigation was carried out to study the crop weather relationship of soybean and to optimize the sowing date with different soybean varie-ties. The results revealed that soybean crop sown up to 27th MW accumulated higher growing degree days (1640.5 0C day), photothermal units (20498.1 0C day hour) and recorded significantly higher seed yield (839 kg ha-1) and biological yield (2773 kg ha-1) with maximum heat use efficiency (0.51 kg ha-1°C day-1) and water productivity (2.49 kg ha-mm-1). Later sowings i.e. 30th MW sowing caused decreased amount of rainfall and increased maximum temperature regime across the total growing period with consequently lower seed yield (530 kg ha-1), GDD (1539.2 0C day), PTU (18689.9 0C day hour), heat use efficiency (0.34kg ha-1 °Cday-1) and water productivity (2.05kg ha-mm-1). Soybean variety TAMS 98-21 recorded significantly higher seed yield (734 kg ha-1) and highest biological yield (2649 kg ha-1) with maximum heat use efficiency (0.44 kg ha-1 °C day-1), GDD (1650.5 0C day ) and water productivity (2.41 kg ha-mm-1). Thus, the results of this study illustrated the importance of early sowing with suitable variety of soybean and indicates that sowing upto 27th MW with variety TAMS 98-21 is optimum for maximizing the yield in the Akola region of Vidarbha

ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTIONS OF XYLOCARPUS GRANATUM AND XYLOCARPUS MOLLUCCENSIS ON HIGH FRUCTOSE HIGH FAT AND HIGH SUCROSE HIGH FAT FED-LOW DOSED STREPTOZOTOCIN TREATED DIABETIC RATS

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effect of standardized fractions of X. granatum (CDR-134 F194) and X. molluccensis (CDR-267 F018) by measuring the status of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid levels, hepatic and renal function markers of high fructose high fed streptozotocin treated rats and high sucrose high fat diet fed-low dosed Streptozotocin treated diabetic rats.Methods: Male rats of Sprague Dawley strain of body weight around 150 g when kept on high fructose high fat diet and high sucrose high fat diet for two weeks, respectively, showed abnormal glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and obesity and at this stage when streptozotocin was given intraperitoneally at 45.0 mg/kg body weight caused persistent hyperglycemia in them addition to dyslipidemia along with impairment in their hepatic and renal functions.Results: The standardized fractions of X. granatum (CDR-134 F194) and X. molluccensis (CDR-267F018) when given to these high fructose high fat fed low dosed streptozotocin treated diabetic rats or high sucrose high fat diet fed-low dosed streptozotocin treated diabetic rats for 10 consecutive days showed significant improvement in their glucose intolerance, decline in their serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels. These CDR-134 F194 and CDR-267 F018 treated rats also showed elevation in their HDL-cholesterol levels and improvement in their hepatic and renal functions as evidenced by decline in SGOT, SGPT, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels.Conclusion: The present study thus concludes that the antidiabetic efficacy of standardized fractions of X. granatum (CDR-134 F194) and X. molluccensis (CDR-267F018) have favorable effect in bringing down the severity of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, decline the increased level of renal and hepatic function markers and also improving glucose tolerance activity

Investigating Flavonoid Extracts from Medicinal Plants: Evaluating their Anti-Cancer Potential, Mechanisms, and Synergistic Impact on Colon Cancer

Colon cancer, the leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, demands innovative therapeutic approaches to combat its formidable impact. This empirical study embarks on a quest to unlock novel avenues for colon cancer treatment by investigating the anti-cancer potential of flavonoid extracts sourced from medicinal plants. Our research journey commences with an in-depth examination of the staggering global burden imposed by colon cancer and the inherent limitations of current therapeutic regimens. In response to this pressing challenge, we spotlight the emerging enthusiasm for natural compounds, specifically flavonoids, as transformative agents within the realm of cancer research and therapy. In our pursuit of innovative solutions, we meticulously select medicinal plants celebrated for their flavonoid-rich content and extract these bioactive compounds with precision. Rigorous phytochemical analyses unveil the specific flavonoids at play. In a series of in vitro experiments employing colon cancer cell lines, we uncover a compelling narrative of concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, underscoring the remarkable anti-proliferative attributes of these extracts. Moreover, our investigations reveal that flavonoid extracts possess the remarkable capability to induce apoptosis, substantiated through Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activation assays. As we delve deeper into mechanistic insights, a rich tapestry unfolds, elucidating the intricate modulation of pivotal apoptosis-related pathways by these natural compounds. This study not only furnishes compelling evidence of flavonoid extracts' anti-cancer potential against colon cancer but also underscores the pivotal role of natural compounds in the ever-evolving landscape of cancer research, offering a beacon of hope for pioneering therapeutic strategies. The journey has only begun, and further investigations, alongside rigorous clinical trials, are warranted to harness the full therapeutic potential of flavonoid-based interventions in colon cancer management, potentially redefining the paradigm of cancer treatment

ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY IN ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE FRUITS OF XYLOCARPUS GRANATUM AND XYLOCARPUS MOLUCCENSIS

Objectives: Although various species of Xylocarpus i. e. Granatum, moluccensis are known for their medicinal properties. Yet, its anti-diabetic activity remains to be defined. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity in ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits of X. granatum and X. moluccensis on validated animal models as well as in-vitro glucose uptake stimulatory effect and their cytotoxicity effect in L6 skeletal muscle cells.Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits of X. granatum and X. moluccensis were administered to diabetic groups daily up to 10 days for prolonged study. Biochemical parameters notably glucose tolerance, insulin level, lipid profile were assessed. The ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits of X. granatum and X. moluccensis were also tested for glucose uptake effect by skeletal muscle cells in the concentration dependent manner.Results: The present study show that the ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits of X. granatum as well as X. moluccensis are effective in improving glucose tolerance, declining blood glucose as well as serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels in low dosed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and dyslipidemic hamsters, respectively. These fractions were also found efficient in increasing glucose uptake by L6 skeletal muscle cells but did not show any effect on cell viability of L6 skeletal muscle cells.Conclusion: Based on the results, the present study revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits of X. granatum and X. moluccensis lowered blood glucose profile by increasing the glucose uptake by L-6 and this may be the possible mechanisms for the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic action

Traditional knowledge for dairy animals in Una district of Himachal Pradesh

662-668Traditional knowledge (TK), also known as indigenous knowledge (IK) or local knowledge (LK) generally refers to the matured long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities. India stands at number 1 in milk production as dairy master across the world. However, due to large number of animal population, distant/remote location, shortage of veterinary staff, some time, veterinary aids are not available to the farmers. In such instances, it is the traditional knowledge of the people which guides them to mitigate the sufferings of the animals. In this article, some of the ITKs are described based on oral communication with the people

Traditional knowledge for dairy animals in Una district of Himachal Pradesh

Traditional knowledge (TK), also known as indigenous knowledge (IK) or local knowledge (LK) generally refers to the matured long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional, indigenous, or local communities. India stands at number 1 in milk production as dairy master across the world. However, due to large number of animal population, distant/remote location, shortage of veterinary staff, some time, veterinary aids are not available to the farmers. In such instances, it is the traditional knowledge of the people which guides them to mitigate the sufferings of the animals. In this article, some of the ITKs are described based on oral communication with the people

Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives

Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes