Cultural and Educational Activities Among the Indigenous and Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Soviet Period: Analysis of the Materials of the Evenki Archive

В статье анализируются предпосылки становления и развития среди коренных и коренных малочисленных народов Севера Красноярского края таких видов изобразительного искусства, как живопись и графика. Цель исследования состояла в теоретическом обосновании опыта взаимосвязи между мерами, реализуемыми в рамках национальной политики в советский период по отношению к культуре этнических сообществ, и развитием живописи и графики в художественной культуре коренных и коренных малочисленных народов Севера Красноярского края. В основе методологии исследования лежит аналитический подход, примененный к анализу отдельных архивных материалов Муниципального казенного учреждения «Эвенкийский архив» Эвенкийского муниципального района Красноярского края. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили архивные отчеты, акты, распоряжения, указания и положения, касающиеся сферы культуры Эвенкийского района за период с 1927 по 1970-е гг. Анализ архивных документов показал, что большую роль в становлении и развитии национальной художественной культуры на Севере Красноярского края сыграла культурно-просветительская деятельность, проводимая среди коренных и коренных малочисленных народов в этот период. Формы реализации культурно-просветительской деятельности были достаточно разнообразны. Они включали в себя и открытие различных типов культурных учреждений, и проведение мероприятий просветительского характера. Данная деятельность заложила определенную базу для формирования нового этнического самосознания, проявившегося, в частности, в осознании возможности развития художественной культуры в новом для себя направлении, в контексте мирового изобразительного искусства. Творчество первых художников из числа северных народов второй половины XX в. определило специфику развития в художественной культуре отдельных народов новых для них направлений – живописи и графикиThe article analyzes the prerequisites for the formation and development among the indigenous and indigenous peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of such fine art types as painting and graphics. The purpose of the study was to theoretically substantiate the experience of the relationship between the measures implemented within the framework of the national policy in the Soviet period in relation to the culture of ethnic communities and the development of painting and graphics in the artistic culture of the indigenous and indigenous peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The research methodology is based on an analytical approach applied to the analysis of individual archival materials of the Municipal State Institution “Evenki Archive” of the Evenki Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The empirical base of the study was archival reports, acts, orders, instructions and regulations relating to the sphere of culture of the Evenk region for the period from 1927 to the 1970s. The study showed that a major role in the formation and development of national artistic culture in the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was played by cultural and educational activities carried out among indigenous and indigenous peoples during this period. The forms of implementation of cultural and educational activities were quite diverse. They included the opening of various types of cultural institutions, and the holding of educational events. This activity laid a certain foundation for the formation of a new ethnic identity, manifested in particular in the realization of the possibility of developing artistic culture in a new direction for itself, in the context of world fine art. Creativity of the first artists from among the northern peoples of the second half of the XX century determined the specifics of the development in the artistic culture of individual peoples of new directions for them – painting and graphic

Construction of Ethno-Cultural Identity in Cyberspace by Means of Artistic Practices (on the Example of the Work Representation by A. O. Tsybikova on the Internet)

Сегодня визуальные практики являются неотъемлемой частью контента в киберпространстве. Они же участвуют и в конструировании этнокультурной идентичности, которая приобретает в киберпространстве свои особые механизмы конструирования и манифестации. Цель данного исследования состоит в выявлении особенностей этнокультурной идентичности, конструируемой в киберпространстве средствами художественных практик. Для достижения цели был осуществлен аналитический анализ научной литературы, опубликованной за период с 1994 по 2023 гг. и посвященной вопросу конструирования этнокультурной идентичности в киберпространстве. Это позволило обосновать этнокультурную киберидентичность как новую особую форму идентичности. Далее был осуществлен количественный контент-анализ выборки произведений изобразительного искусства бурятской художницы А. О. Цыбиковой, сформированной из произведений, которые представлены в сети Интернет. Данный метод позволил выделить наиболее часто визуально упоминаемые в киберпространстве произведения изобразительного искусства художницы, которые затем были проанализированы с помощью методики философско-искусствоведческого анализа. С помощью данного метода были рассмотрены такие произведения изобразительного искусства А. О. Цыбиковой, как «Автопортрет с моделью у зимнего окна» (1984) и «Голос раковины» (1986). В результате проведенного исследования были выделены особенности этнокультурной идентичности, конструируемой в киберпространстве. Среди них понимание процесса конструирования данной формы идентичности как неотъемлемой части реализации таких тенденций, как сохранение и поддержание этнической культуры и этнического самосознания коренных народов в реальном мире, а также формирование и укрепление общероссийской гражданской идентичности. Кроме того, среди ключевых механизмов конструирования этнокультурной идентичности в киберпространстве выявлены механизмы актуализации памяти о достижениях в области художественной культуры бурятской этнической группы в советский период и ценности сосуществования традиций разных этнических культурToday, visual practices are an integral part of content in cyberspace. They also participate in the construction of ethno-cultural identity, which acquires its own special mechanisms of construction and manifestation in cyberspace. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of ethno-cultural identity constructed in cyberspace by means of artistic practices. To achieve the goal, an analytical analysis of the scientific literature published for the period from 1994 to 2023, devoted to the issue of constructing an ethnocultural identity in cyberspace, was carried out. This made it possible to substantiate ethno-cultural cyber identity as a new special form of identity. Next, a quantitative content analysis was carried out of a sample of works of fine art by the Buryat artist A. O. Tsybikova, formed from works that are presented on the Internet. This method made it possible to identify the most frequently visually mentioned works of fine art in cyberspace by the artist, which were then analyzed using the method of philosophical and art analysis. Using this method, such works of fine art by A. O. Tsybikova as “Self-Portrait with a Model at the Winter Window” (1984) and “Voice of the Shell” (1986) were analyzed. As a result of the study, the features of the ethno-cultural identity constructed in cyberspace were identified. Among them is the understanding of the process of constructing this form of identity as an integral part of the implementation of such trends as the preservation and maintenance of ethnic culture and ethnic identity of indigenous peoples in the real world, as well as the formation and strengthening of an all-Russian civic identity. In addition, among the key mechanisms for constructing an ethno-cultural identity in cyberspace, mechanisms for updating the memory of the achievements in the field of artistic culture of the Buryat ethnic group in the Soviet period and the values of the coexistence of traditions of different ethnic cultures were identifie

Aesthetic Transformations as the Ideological Basis of Soviet Fine Arts in 1917–1922

Советское изобразительное искусство репрезентирует собой уникальный период в истории развития российского искусства. Большое значение для его становления и развития имели эстетико-философские воззрения второй половины XIX- начала XX вв. Цель данного исследования состоит в систематизации ключевых взглядов на эстетику искусства ведущих идеологов дореволюционного (1890–1917 гг.) и раннего социалистического (1917–1922 гг.) периодов, оказавших влияние на становление и развитие советского изобразительного искусства 1917–1922 гг. Исследование проводилось на основе анализа содержания трудов, посвященных эстетике искусства, таких идеологов, как В. С. Соловьев, Н. А. Бердяев, Н. Г. Чернышевский, Г. В. Плеханов, А. В. Луначарский, а также работ, программных речей и манифестов художников авангардистов, в том числе В. В. Кандинского, К. С. Малевича, И. Зданевича. В результате анализа текстов были выявлены и систематизированы ключевые эстетические взгляды идеологов на природу и задачи искусства. Авторами отмечается, что сосуществование различных эстетических взглядов на природу искусства в сравнительно небольшой период времени конца XIX – начала XX вв. предопределило стремительное развитие российского искусства в дореволюционный период. Кроме того, это способствовало выявлению господствующей и наиболее приемлемой для российской культуры эстетики социалистического реализма. Все те трансформации, которые происходили в области эстетики искусства в дореволюционный период, таким образом, стали основой для развития социалистического изобразительного искусства в 1917–1922 гг.Soviet fine art represents a unique period in the history of the development of Russian art. The aesthetic and philosophical views of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries were of great importance for its formation and development. The purpose of this study is to systematize the key views on the aesthetics of art by the leading ideologists of the pre-revolutionary (1890–1917) and early socialist (1917–1922) periods that influenced the formation and development of Soviet fine art in 1917–1922. The study was based on the analysis of the content of works devoted to the aesthetics of art, such ideologists as V. S. Solovyov, N. A. Berdyaev, N. G. Chernyshevsky, G. V. Plekhanov, A. V. Lunacharsky, as well as works program speeches and manifestos of avant-garde artists, including V. V. Kandinsky, K. S. Malevich, I. Zdanevich. As a result of the analysis of the texts, the key aesthetic views of the ideologists on the nature and tasks of art were identified and systematized. The authors note that the coexistence of different aesthetic views on the nature of art in a relatively short period of time in the late XIX – early XX centuries predetermined the rapid development of Russian art in the pre-revolutionary period. In addition, this contributed to the identification of the dominant and most acceptable aesthetics of socialist realism for Russian culture. All those transformations that took place in the field of aesthetics of art in the pre-revolutionary period, thus, became the basis for the development of socialist fine arts in 1917–192

Silencing of Renal DNaseI in Murine Lupus Nephritis Imposes Exposure of Large Chromatin Fragments and Activation of Toll Like Receptors and the Clec4e

Recent studies demonstrate that transformation of mild lupus nephritis into end-stage disease is imposed by silencing of renal DNaseI gene expression in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Down-regulation of DNaseI results in reduced chromatin fragmentation, and in deposition of extracellular chromatin-IgG complexes in glomerular basement membranes in individuals that produce IgG anti-chromatin antibodies. The main focus of the present study is to describe the biological consequences of renal DNaseI shut-down and reduced chromatin fragmentation with a particular focus on whether exposed large chromatin fragments activate Toll like receptors and the necrosis-related Clec4e receptor in murine and human lupus nephritis. Furthermore, analyses where performed to determine if matrix metalloproteases are up-regulated as a consequence of chromatin-mediated Toll like receptors/Clec4e stimulation. Mouse and human mRNA expression levels of DNaseI, Toll like receptors 7–9, Clec4e, pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP2/MMP9 were determined and compared with in situ protein expression profiles and clinical data. We demonstrate that exposure of chromatin significantly up-regulate Toll like receptors and Clec4e in mice, and also but less pronounced in patients with lupus nephritis treated with immunosuppresants. In conclusion, silencing of renal DNaseI gene expression initiates a cascade of inflammatory signals leading to progression of both murine and human lupus nephritis. Principal component analyses biplot of data from murine and human lupus nephrits demonstrate the importance of DNaseI gene shut down for progression of the organ disease

Anti-dsDNA Antibodies Promote Initiation, and Acquired Loss of Renal Dnase1 Promotes Progression of Lupus Nephritis in Autoimmune (NZBxNZW)F1 Mice

BACKGROUND:Lupus nephritis is characterized by deposition of chromatin fragment-IgG complexes in the mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membranes (GBM). The latter defines end-stage disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPALS: In the present study we determined the impact of antibodies to dsDNA, renal Dnase1 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) mRNA levels and enzyme activities on early and late events in murine lupus nephritis. The major focus was to analyse if these factors were interrelated, and if changes in their expression explain basic processes accounting for lupus nephritis. FINDINGS:Early phases of nephritis were associated with chromatin-IgG complex deposition in the mesangial matrix. A striking observation was that this event correlated with appearance of anti-dsDNA antibodies and mild or clinically silent nephritis. These events preceded down-regulation of renal Dnase1. Later, renal Dnase1 mRNA level and enzyme activity were reduced, while MMP2 mRNA level and enzyme activity increased. Reduced levels of renal Dnase1 were associated in time with deficient fragmentation of chromatin from dead cells. Large fragments were retained and accumulated in GBM. Also, since chromatin fragments are prone to stimulate Toll-like receptors in e.g. dendritic cells, this may in fact explain increased expression of MMPs. SIGNIFICANCE:These scenarios may explain the basis for deposition of chromatin-IgG complexes in glomeruli in early and late stages of nephritis, loss of glomerular integrity and finally renal failure

Lupus nephritis : the role of renal DNase I in the progression of the disease

SLE er en sykdom med ukjent etiologi. En hovedmarkør for sykdommen SLE er produskjon av antistoffer mot kroppseget DNA (arvestoff). Binding av slike antistoffer til DNA fører til dannelse av immunkomplekser som i sin tur avleires i organer og bidrar til kliniske symptomer og sykdomsutvikling. I nyrene forårsakes det lekkasje av eggehvite (proteinuri) og er et tegn på alvorlig nyresvikt. Vi studerte disse imunnkompleksene i nyrene ved forskjellige stadier av nyresykdommen basert på dyremodellstudier. Vi fant ut at produksjon av anit-DNA antistoffer var assosiert til en mild form av lupusnefritt. Den vil senere endres til alvorlig nyresykdom, karakterisert med uttalt proteinuri, hos dyr som utvikler nærmest en total mangel på et DNA-spaltende enzym i nyrene, kalt DNaseI. Dette enzymet er ansvarlig for degradering av DNA fra døende celler. Tap av DNase I i nyrene fører alltid til avleiring av DNA utenfor cellene med påfølgende dannelse av immunkomplekser, som i sin tur vil forverre nyresykdommen og føre til opphør av nyrefunksjon. Dette er hva som observeres i en spontan nyresykdomesmodell i ubehandlede (NZBxNZW)F1 mus. Identifisering av tap av DNaseI i nyrene som den viktigste faktoren til utvikling av alvorlig nyresykdom ved SLE har gitt en ny forståelse av sykdomsmekansimen, men har også åpnet for et nytt forskningsprosjekt: Hvorfor tapes DNAseI i nyrene. Dette er et av gruppens hovedprosjekter i det videre arbeid med å forstå sykdommen lupus nefritt. Slik forståelse kan gi nye ideer til mer grunnleggende behandlingsformer ved sykdommen

TNFα amplifies DNaseI expression in renal tubular cells while IL-1β promotes nuclear DNaseI translocation in an endonuclease-inactive form

We have demonstrated that the renal endonuclease DNaseI is up-regulated in mesangial nephritis while down-regulated during progression of the disease. To determine the basis for these reciprocal DNaseI expression profiles we analyse processes accounting for an early increase in renal DNaseI expression. Main hypotheses were that i. the mesangial inflammation and secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines directly increase DNaseI protein expression in tubular cells, ii. the anti-apoptotic protein tumor necrosis factor receptorassociated protein 1 (Trap 1) is down-regulated by increased expression of DNaseI due to transcriptional interference, and iii. pro-inflammatory cytokines promote nuclear translocation of a variant of DNaseI. The latter hypothesis emerges from the fact that anti-DNaseI antibodies stained tubular cell nuclei in murine and human lupus nephritis. The present study was performed on human tubular epithelial cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Expression of the DNaseI and Trap 1 genes was determined by qPCR, confocal microscopy, gel zymography, western blot and by immune electron microscopy. Results from in vitro cell culture experiments were analysed for biological relevance in kidneys from (NZBxNZW) F1 mice and human patients with lupus nephritis. Central data indicate that stimulating the tubular cells with TNFα promoted increased DNaseI and reduced Trap 1 expression, while TNFα and IL-1β stimulation induced nuclear translocation of the DNaseI. TNFα-stimulation resulted in 3 distinct effects; increased DNaseI and IL-1β gene expression, and nuclear translocation of DNaseI. IL-1β-stimulation solely induced nuclear DNaseI translocation. Tubular cells stimulated with TNFα and simultaneously transfected with IL-1β siRNA resulted in increased DNaseI expression but no nuclear translocation. This demonstrates that IL-1β promotes nuclear translocation of a cytoplasmic variant of DNaseI since translocation clearly was not dependent on DNaseI gene activation. Nuclear translocated DNaseI is shown to be enzymatically inactive, which may point at a new, yet unknown function of renal DNaseI

Мировые и российские практики в области сохранения и воспроизводства языков коренных малочисленных народов Севера

The article describes and analyses the international and Russian practices of preserving and reproducing the endangered ethnic languages. Special attention is paid to the preservation practices of the languages of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North inhabiting the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The research is based on the system approach method. The research results demonstrate that due to the gradual destruction of the language transfer tradition, the “artificial” preservation practices are the most relevant for the ethnic languages. They include the creation of modern coursebooks for the languages of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North, based on the latest methods of ethnic language learning and teaching; publishing children’s literature in the ethnic languages; linguistic documentation of languages; application of the modern information technology, including the creation of the Internet portals dedicated to the language and culture of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the NorthСтатья посвящена описанию и анализу мировых и российских практик, направленных на сохранение и воспроизводство этнических языков, находящихся сегодня на грани исчезновения. Особое внимание уделяется практикам сохранения языков коренных малочисленных народов Севера, проживающих на территории Красноярского края. В основе исследования лежит методология системного подхода. Результаты исследования показали, что в силу постепенного разрушения традиции передачи знаний языка от поколения к поколению своевременными сегодня являются практики «искусственного» сохранения этнических языков. Среди них создание актуальной учебной литературы для изучения языков коренных малочисленных народов Севера, учитывающей современные методы и методики преподавания этнического языка, продолжение практики издания произведений детской литературы на языках коренных народов, практика лингвистической документальной фиксации языков, практика применения современных информационных технологий, в том числе создание Интернет-порталов, посвященных языку и культуре коренных малочисленных народов Север

Nuclear DNaseI translocation in RPTEC was not associated with caspase 3 activation or DNA fragmentation.

<p>Western blot analysis was performed to detect presence of activated caspase 3 in cell lysates from RPTEC stimulated or non-stimulated with 20ng/ml of TNFα for 48 hrs (A). Resting Jurkat cells or cytochrome c treated Jurkat cells were used as a negative and positive control for activated caspase 3 (A, lane 1 and 2, respectively). As demonstrated in A, lane 4, TNFα-induced nuclear DNaseI translocation was not accompanied by activation of caspase 3 since only inactive pro-caspase 3 was found in RPTEC stimulated with TNFα. Only in cytochrome c treated cells activated caspase 3 was detected by western blot as shown in A, lane 2. Equal loading was controlled by staining with actin. Location of DNaseI in the nuclei of RPTEC did not result in chromatin fragmentation as demonstrated by DNA gel electrophoresis in B and TUNEL assay in C. DNA from murine spleen incubated with 5μM camptothecin for 6 hrs was used as a positive control for apoptotic DNA fragmentation (B, lane 2). No apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed in DNA isolated from sham-stimulated RPTEC cells (B, lane 3) or in DNA isolated from RPTEC after stimulation with 20ng/ml of TNFα for 48 hrs (B, lane 4). TUNEL-positive staining in RPTEC cells was detected only after treatment with 10U of rhDNaseI (C, green). RPTEC cells stimulated with TNFα were TUNEL–negative as well as sham-stimulated cells as demonstrated in C. Lane 1 in B represent DNA size markers.</p

Sub-cellular location of DNaseI in lupus nephritis and in tubular cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.

<p>Immunohistochemistry analysis of renal DNaseI in a control human kidney sample demonstrated that DNaseI was predominantly localized in cytoplasm and not in nuclei (A, left panel). In human lupus nephritis the DNaseI was abundantly present in both cytoplasm and notably in nuclei (A, right panel, arrows point at positively stained nuclei). In human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) DNaseI protein expression pattern was determined together with Trap 1 by confocal microscopy (B, green: anti-Trap 1 antibody, red: anti-DNaseI antibody), only the merged pictures are shown. While resting cells expressed DNaseI predominantly in cytoplasm, stimulation of RPTEC by TNFα and IL-1β resulted in nuclear translocation of the protein (B). Interestingly, stress by hypoxia also resulted in increased expression of the DNaseI protein but not in nuclear translocation (B). Nuclear translocation of DNaseI was notably not observed after stimulation of RPTEC with IFNγ, IL-6 or IL-10 (C).</p