42 research outputs found
Cultural and Educational Activities Among the Indigenous and Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Soviet Period: Analysis of the Materials of the Evenki Archive
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π°
Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ
Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ.
Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Β«ΠΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Β» ΠΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΡ,
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 1927 ΠΏΠΎ 1970-Π΅ Π³Π³. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π° Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ,
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄.
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½Ρ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. Π’Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ XX Π². ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈThe article analyzes the prerequisites for the formation and development among the indigenous and indigenous peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of such fine art types as painting and graphics. The purpose of the study was to theoretically substantiate the experience of the relationship between the measures implemented within the framework of the national policy in the Soviet period in relation to the culture of ethnic communities and the development of painting and graphics in the artistic culture of the indigenous and indigenous peoples of the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The research methodology is based on an analytical approach applied to the analysis of individual archival materials of the Municipal State Institution βEvenki Archiveβ of the Evenki Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The empirical base of the study was archival reports, acts, orders, instructions and regulations relating to the sphere of culture of the Evenk region for the period from 1927 to the 1970s. The study showed that a major role in the formation and development of national artistic culture in the North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was played by cultural and educational activities carried out among indigenous and indigenous peoples during this period. The forms of implementation of cultural and educational activities were quite diverse. They included the opening of various types of cultural institutions, and the holding of educational events. This activity laid a certain foundation for the formation of a new ethnic identity, manifested in particular in the realization of the possibility of developing artistic culture in a new direction for itself, in the context of world fine art. Creativity of the first artists from among the northern peoples of the second half of the XX century determined the specifics of the development in the artistic culture of individual peoples of new directions for them β painting and graphic
Construction of Ethno-Cultural Identity in Cyberspace by Means of Artistic Practices (on the Example of the Work Representation by A. O. Tsybikova on the Internet)
Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 1994
ΠΏΠΎ 2023 Π³Π³. ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π. Π. Π¦ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ
Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π. Π. Π¦ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ,
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Ρ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°Β» (1984) ΠΈ Β«ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΒ» (1986).
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡToday, visual practices are an integral part of content in cyberspace. They also participate in the construction of ethno-cultural identity, which acquires its own special mechanisms of construction and manifestation in cyberspace. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of ethno-cultural identity constructed in cyberspace by means of artistic practices. To achieve the goal, an analytical analysis of the scientific literature published for the period from 1994 to 2023, devoted to the issue of constructing an ethnocultural identity in cyberspace, was carried out. This made it possible to substantiate ethno-cultural cyber identity as a new special form of identity. Next, a quantitative content analysis was carried out of a sample of works of fine art by the Buryat artist A. O. Tsybikova, formed from works that are presented on the Internet. This method made it possible to identify the most frequently visually mentioned works of fine art in cyberspace by the artist, which were then analyzed using the method of philosophical and art analysis. Using this method, such works of fine art by A. O. Tsybikova as βSelf-Portrait with a Model at the Winter Windowβ (1984) and βVoice of the Shellβ (1986) were analyzed. As a result of the study, the features of the ethno-cultural identity constructed in cyberspace were identified. Among them is the understanding of the process of constructing this form of identity as an integral part of the implementation of such trends as the preservation and maintenance of ethnic culture and ethnic identity of indigenous peoples in the real world, as well as the formation and strengthening of an all-Russian civic identity. In addition, among the key mechanisms for constructing an ethno-cultural identity in cyberspace, mechanisms for updating the memory of the achievements in the field of artistic culture of the Buryat ethnic group in the Soviet period and the values of the coexistence of traditions of different ethnic cultures were identifie
Aesthetic Transformations as the Ideological Basis of Soviet Fine Arts in 1917β1922
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ XIX-
Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° XX Π²Π². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (1890β1917 Π³Π³.) ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (1917β1922 Π³Π³.) ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° 1917β1922 Π³Π³. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°,
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π. Π‘. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π², Π. Π. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π², Π. Π. Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π. Π. ΠΠ»Π΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²,
Π. Π. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π°Π²Π°Π½Π³Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π. Π‘. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°, Π. ΠΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°.
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°
Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° XIX β Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° XX Π²Π². ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ,
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄,
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² 1917β1922 Π³Π³.Soviet fine art represents a unique period in the history of the development of Russian art. The aesthetic and philosophical views of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries were of great importance for its formation and development. The purpose of this study is to systematize the key views on the aesthetics of art by the leading ideologists of the pre-revolutionary (1890β1917) and early socialist (1917β1922) periods that influenced the formation and development of Soviet fine art in 1917β1922. The study was based on the analysis of the content of works devoted to the aesthetics of art, such ideologists as V. S. Solovyov, N. A. Berdyaev, N. G. Chernyshevsky, G. V. Plekhanov, A. V. Lunacharsky, as well as works program speeches and manifestos of avant-garde artists, including V. V. Kandinsky, K. S. Malevich, I. Zdanevich. As a result of the analysis of the texts, the key aesthetic views of the ideologists on the nature and tasks of art were identified and systematized. The authors note that the coexistence of different aesthetic views on the nature of art in a relatively short period of time in the late XIX β early XX centuries predetermined the rapid development of Russian art in the pre-revolutionary period. In addition, this contributed to the identification of the dominant and most acceptable aesthetics of socialist realism for Russian culture. All those transformations that took place in the field of aesthetics of art in the pre-revolutionary period, thus, became the basis for the development of socialist fine arts in 1917β192
Silencing of Renal DNaseI in Murine Lupus Nephritis Imposes Exposure of Large Chromatin Fragments and Activation of Toll Like Receptors and the Clec4e
Recent studies demonstrate that transformation of mild lupus nephritis into end-stage disease is imposed by silencing of renal DNaseI gene expression in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Down-regulation of DNaseI results in reduced chromatin fragmentation, and in deposition of extracellular chromatin-IgG complexes in glomerular basement membranes in individuals that produce IgG anti-chromatin antibodies. The main focus of the present study is to describe the biological consequences of renal DNaseI shut-down and reduced chromatin fragmentation with a particular focus on whether exposed large chromatin fragments activate Toll like receptors and the necrosis-related Clec4e receptor in murine and human lupus nephritis. Furthermore, analyses where performed to determine if matrix metalloproteases are up-regulated as a consequence of chromatin-mediated Toll like receptors/Clec4e stimulation. Mouse and human mRNA expression levels of DNaseI, Toll like receptors 7β9, Clec4e, pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMP2/MMP9 were determined and compared with in situ protein expression profiles and clinical data. We demonstrate that exposure of chromatin significantly up-regulate Toll like receptors and Clec4e in mice, and also but less pronounced in patients with lupus nephritis treated with immunosuppresants. In conclusion, silencing of renal DNaseI gene expression initiates a cascade of inflammatory signals leading to progression of both murine and human lupus nephritis. Principal component analyses biplot of data from murine and human lupus nephrits demonstrate the importance of DNaseI gene shut down for progression of the organ disease
Anti-dsDNA Antibodies Promote Initiation, and Acquired Loss of Renal Dnase1 Promotes Progression of Lupus Nephritis in Autoimmune (NZBxNZW)F1 Mice
BACKGROUND:Lupus nephritis is characterized by deposition of chromatin fragment-IgG complexes in the mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membranes (GBM). The latter defines end-stage disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPALS: In the present study we determined the impact of antibodies to dsDNA, renal Dnase1 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) mRNA levels and enzyme activities on early and late events in murine lupus nephritis. The major focus was to analyse if these factors were interrelated, and if changes in their expression explain basic processes accounting for lupus nephritis. FINDINGS:Early phases of nephritis were associated with chromatin-IgG complex deposition in the mesangial matrix. A striking observation was that this event correlated with appearance of anti-dsDNA antibodies and mild or clinically silent nephritis. These events preceded down-regulation of renal Dnase1. Later, renal Dnase1 mRNA level and enzyme activity were reduced, while MMP2 mRNA level and enzyme activity increased. Reduced levels of renal Dnase1 were associated in time with deficient fragmentation of chromatin from dead cells. Large fragments were retained and accumulated in GBM. Also, since chromatin fragments are prone to stimulate Toll-like receptors in e.g. dendritic cells, this may in fact explain increased expression of MMPs. SIGNIFICANCE:These scenarios may explain the basis for deposition of chromatin-IgG complexes in glomeruli in early and late stages of nephritis, loss of glomerular integrity and finally renal failure
Lupus nephritis : the role of renal DNase I in the progression of the disease
SLE er en sykdom med ukjent etiologi. En hovedmarkΓΈr for sykdommen SLE er produskjon av antistoffer mot kroppseget DNA (arvestoff). Binding av slike antistoffer til DNA fΓΈrer til dannelse av immunkomplekser som i sin tur avleires i organer og bidrar til kliniske symptomer og sykdomsutvikling. I nyrene forΓ₯rsakes det lekkasje av eggehvite (proteinuri) og er et tegn pΓ₯ alvorlig nyresvikt.
Vi studerte disse imunnkompleksene i nyrene ved forskjellige stadier av nyresykdommen basert pΓ₯ dyremodellstudier. Vi fant ut at produksjon av anit-DNA antistoffer var assosiert til en mild form av lupusnefritt. Den vil senere endres til alvorlig nyresykdom, karakterisert med uttalt proteinuri, hos dyr som utvikler nΓ¦rmest en total mangel pΓ₯ et DNA-spaltende enzym i nyrene, kalt DNaseI. Dette enzymet er ansvarlig for degradering av DNA fra dΓΈende celler. Tap av DNase I i nyrene fΓΈrer alltid til avleiring av DNA utenfor cellene med pΓ₯fΓΈlgende dannelse av immunkomplekser, som i sin tur vil forverre nyresykdommen og fΓΈre til opphΓΈr av nyrefunksjon. Dette er hva som observeres i en spontan nyresykdomesmodell i ubehandlede (NZBxNZW)F1 mus. Identifisering av tap av DNaseI i nyrene som den viktigste faktoren til utvikling av alvorlig nyresykdom ved SLE har gitt en ny forstΓ₯else av sykdomsmekansimen, men har ogsΓ₯ Γ₯pnet for et nytt forskningsprosjekt: Hvorfor tapes DNAseI i nyrene. Dette er et av gruppens hovedprosjekter i det videre arbeid med Γ₯ forstΓ₯ sykdommen lupus nefritt. Slik forstΓ₯else kan gi nye ideer til mer grunnleggende behandlingsformer ved sykdommen
TNFΞ± amplifies DNaseI expression in renal tubular cells while IL-1Ξ² promotes nuclear DNaseI translocation in an endonuclease-inactive form
We have demonstrated that the renal endonuclease DNaseI is up-regulated in mesangial
nephritis while down-regulated during progression of the disease. To determine the basis
for these reciprocal DNaseI expression profiles we analyse processes accounting for an
early increase in renal DNaseI expression. Main hypotheses were that i. the mesangial inflammation
and secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines directly increase DNaseI protein expression
in tubular cells, ii. the anti-apoptotic protein tumor necrosis factor receptorassociated
protein 1 (Trap 1) is down-regulated by increased expression of DNaseI due to
transcriptional interference, and iii. pro-inflammatory cytokines promote nuclear translocation
of a variant of DNaseI. The latter hypothesis emerges from the fact that anti-DNaseI antibodies
stained tubular cell nuclei in murine and human lupus nephritis. The present study
was performed on human tubular epithelial cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Expression of the DNaseI and Trap 1 genes was determined by qPCR, confocal microscopy,
gel zymography, western blot and by immune electron microscopy. Results from in vitro
cell culture experiments were analysed for biological relevance in kidneys from (NZBxNZW)
F1 mice and human patients with lupus nephritis. Central data indicate that stimulating the
tubular cells with TNFΞ± promoted increased DNaseI and reduced Trap 1 expression, while
TNFΞ± and IL-1Ξ² stimulation induced nuclear translocation of the DNaseI. TNFΞ±-stimulation
resulted in 3 distinct effects; increased DNaseI and IL-1Ξ² gene expression, and nuclear
translocation of DNaseI. IL-1Ξ²-stimulation solely induced nuclear DNaseI translocation. Tubular
cells stimulated with TNFΞ± and simultaneously transfected with IL-1Ξ² siRNA resulted
in increased DNaseI expression but no nuclear translocation. This demonstrates that IL-1Ξ²
promotes nuclear translocation of a cytoplasmic variant of DNaseI since translocation clearly
was not dependent on DNaseI gene activation. Nuclear translocated DNaseI is shown to
be enzymatically inactive, which may point at a new, yet unknown function of renal DNaseI
ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°
The article describes and analyses the international and Russian practices of preserving and reproducing the endangered ethnic languages. Special attention is paid to the preservation practices of the languages of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North inhabiting the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The research is based on the system approach method. The research results demonstrate that due to the gradual destruction of the language transfer tradition, the βartificialβ preservation practices are the most relevant for the ethnic languages. They include the creation of modern coursebooks for the languages of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North, based on the latest methods of ethnic language learning and teaching; publishing childrenβs literature in the ethnic languages; linguistic documentation of languages; application of the modern information technology, including the creation of the Internet portals dedicated to the language and culture of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the NorthΠ‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ
ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ.
Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Β«ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²,
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ
Nuclear DNaseI translocation in RPTEC was not associated with caspase 3 activation or DNA fragmentation.
<p>Western blot analysis was performed to detect presence of activated caspase 3 in cell lysates from RPTEC stimulated or non-stimulated with 20ng/ml of TNFΞ± for 48 hrs (A). Resting Jurkat cells or cytochrome c treated Jurkat cells were used as a negative and positive control for activated caspase 3 (A, lane 1 and 2, respectively). As demonstrated in A, lane 4, TNFΞ±-induced nuclear DNaseI translocation was not accompanied by activation of caspase 3 since only inactive pro-caspase 3 was found in RPTEC stimulated with TNFΞ±. Only in cytochrome c treated cells activated caspase 3 was detected by western blot as shown in A, lane 2. Equal loading was controlled by staining with actin. Location of DNaseI in the nuclei of RPTEC did not result in chromatin fragmentation as demonstrated by DNA gel electrophoresis in B and TUNEL assay in C. DNA from murine spleen incubated with 5ΞΌM camptothecin for 6 hrs was used as a positive control for apoptotic DNA fragmentation (B, lane 2). No apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed in DNA isolated from sham-stimulated RPTEC cells (B, lane 3) or in DNA isolated from RPTEC after stimulation with 20ng/ml of TNFΞ± for 48 hrs (B, lane 4). TUNEL-positive staining in RPTEC cells was detected only after treatment with 10U of rhDNaseI (C, green). RPTEC cells stimulated with TNFΞ± were TUNELβnegative as well as sham-stimulated cells as demonstrated in C. Lane 1 in B represent DNA size markers.</p
Sub-cellular location of DNaseI in lupus nephritis and in tubular cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.
<p>Immunohistochemistry analysis of renal DNaseI in a control human kidney sample demonstrated that DNaseI was predominantly localized in cytoplasm and not in nuclei (A, left panel). In human lupus nephritis the DNaseI was abundantly present in both cytoplasm and notably in nuclei (A, right panel, arrows point at positively stained nuclei). In human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) DNaseI protein expression pattern was determined together with Trap 1 by confocal microscopy (B, green: anti-Trap 1 antibody, red: anti-DNaseI antibody), only the merged pictures are shown. While resting cells expressed DNaseI predominantly in cytoplasm, stimulation of RPTEC by TNFΞ± and IL-1Ξ² resulted in nuclear translocation of the protein (B). Interestingly, stress by hypoxia also resulted in increased expression of the DNaseI protein but not in nuclear translocation (B). Nuclear translocation of DNaseI was notably not observed after stimulation of RPTEC with IFNΞ³, IL-6 or IL-10 (C).</p