INFLUÊNCIA DO ENRIQUECIMENTO AMBIENTAL NOS PADRÕES DE COMPORTAMENTOS SOCIAIS E ANORMAIS DE CABRAS EM CONFINAMENTO

A partir do processo de domesticação as cabras foram retiradas do seu ambiente natural e inseridas em um ambiente empobrecido em estímulos. O problema é que, em função do confinamento inadequado, os animais deixam de realizar comportamentos típicos da espécie e passam a desenvolver comportamentos anormais. Na tentativa de minimizar esses comportamentos, têm-se utilizado a técnica denominada enriquecimento ambiental. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar, analisar e descrever os comportamentos sociais agonísticos e anormais de cabras confinadas com e sem o uso de enriquecimentos ambientais, relacionando-os ao ganho de peso. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, utilizaram-se 20 cabras mestiças (Saanen x Boer), igualmente divididas em duas baias, sendo a baia controle (Trat 1) tratada conforme a rotina do setor e a baia de enriquecimento (Trat 2) submetida à técnica de enriquecimento ambiental. Realizaram-se observações do tipo focal, perfazendo um total de 216 horas. Verificou-se que as médias de frequência dos comportamentos em cada tratamento diferiram entre si, sendo que na baia de enriquecimento ambiental os animais exibiram menor frequência de comportamentos sociais agonísticos e anormais em relação à baia controle. Conclui-se que o enriquecimento ambiental influenciou de forma positiva no comportamento anormal e social das cabras estudadas

IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME: A POTENTIAL PITFALL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KAPOSI’S SARCOMA IN HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS? – A CASE REPORT

A diversidade de apresentações clínicas da síndrome de reconstituição imune faz da mesma um desafio clínico, na medida em que é difícil o manejo de infecções oportunistas e outras condições clínicas relacionadas com tal síndrome. A relevância da mencionada síndrome o Sarcoma de Kaposi após o início da terapia antiretroviral é notável, principalmente em países que possuem altos níveis de transmissão de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e HIV. Desta forma, clínicos e dermatologistas devem estar atentos para identificar sinais e sintomas dessa progressão neoplásica e diferenciá-los do Sarcoma de Kaposi relacionado à síndrome de reconstituição imune de acordo com os critérios de classificação recentes da doença. Vital mencionar que terapia anti-retroviral não deve ser interrompida na maioria dos casos.The variety of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome’s (IRIS) clinical presentations makes this syndrome a challenge, in that it is difficult to manage opportunistic infections and other serious clinical conditions related to the manifestation of this syndrome. The relevance of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome – associated with Kaposi sarcoma (IRIS-KS) after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is noteworthy, mainly in coun tries that still have high levels of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Clinicians and dermatologists should be aware to identify signs and symptoms of this neoplasm progression and to differentiate them from KS related IRIS according to the recent classification criteria of this disease and antiretroviral therapy should not be discontinued in the most cases

Nitrous oxide emission from excreta of different beef cattle breeds finished in feedlot

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as emissões de óxido nitroso (N2O) pela urina e pelas fezes de bovinos Nelore e mestiços (Nelore x Angus) terminados em confinamento. Vinte bois Nelore e 20 mestiços foram alimentados com dieta composta de 75% de concentrado e 25% de volumoso. As excretas foram aplicadas nos currais após 43 dias de confinamento, quando se iniciou o monitoramento de N2O por meio de câmaras estáticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Os fluxos de N2O da urina e das fezes foram semelhantes entre as raças, com picos importantes após a ocorrência de chuvas. As emissões cumulativas de N2O da urina por quilograma de ganho de peso corporal (GPC) e as emissões totais das fezes por quilograma de GPC foram 22,7% e 24,4% maiores na raça Nelore. Não há efeito da raça sobre o fluxo de N2O e as emissões cumulativas de excretas de bovinos de corte confinados; entretanto, o gado mestiço emite menos por quilograma de GPC. Há alta correlação entre o volume de chuva e as emissões de N2O do dia seguinte, o que indica um período entre a ocorrência de chuva e o aumento da emissão de N2O.The objective of this work was to compare nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from urine and manure of Nellore and crossbred (Nellore x Angus) cattle finished in feedlot. Twenty Nellore and 20 crossbred bulls were fed a diet consisting of 75% concentrate and 25% roughage. Excreta were applied to the pens after 43 days of confinement, when N2O monitoring started through static chambers. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance, and averages were compared by Tukey’s test. The N2O fluxes from urine and manure were similar among the breeds, with important peaks after rain events. The cumulative emissions of N2O from urine per kilogram of body weight gain (BWG) and the total emissions from manure per kilogram of BWG were 22.7% and 24.4% higher in Nellore cattle. There is no breed effect on N2O flux and cumulative emissions by excreta from confined beef cattle; however, the crossbreed emits less per kilogram of BWG. There is a high correlation between rainfall volume and the N2O emissions of the next day, which indicates a period between rain occurrence and the increase in N2O emission

IMPACTOS DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AOS PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS E DIABÉTICOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

The study aimed to identify the impacts of the pandemic on the care of hypertensive and diabetic patients in primary health care and to reflect on the strategies used to monitor these patients in the pandemic context. This is an integrative review with search for articles on the open-access virtual search site, Google Academic, in September and October 2021.The following descriptors were used: “Diabetes Mellitus”; Hypertension; "COVID-19"; Nursing; “Primary Health Care”. Inclusion criteria were complete articles, available in full, published in Portuguese between 2020 and 2021.At the end of the process, six articles were selected that made up the study sample.It was evident that the pandemic affected the care of hypertensive and diabetic patients, since it limited the continuity of non-emergency services, but among the strategies that have been used to circumvent the limitations of social distancing can be highlighted, for example, telemonitoring/remote care, the stratification of risks of individuals followed up and the prior scheduling of appointments. The patients were affected by the impairment of care in primary health care, considering that their pathologies need continuous monitoring, in addition to being a risk factor for the severe form of covid-19. Despite the benefits, remote care has limitations, such as limited access to the internet network and the need for training professionals.El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los impactos de la pandemia en la atención de pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos en la atención primaria de salud y reflexionar sobre las estrategias utilizadas para monitorear a estos pacientes en el contexto de pandemia. Se trata de una revisión integradora con búsqueda de artículos en el sitio de búsqueda virtual de acceso gratuito, Google Academic, en los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2021. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: "Diabetes Mellitus"; Hipertensión; "COVID-19"; Enfermería; "Atención Primaria de Salud". Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos completos, disponibles en su totalidad, publicados en portugués entre 2020 y 2021. Al final del proceso, se seleccionaron seis artículos que componían la muestra del estudio. Fue evidente que la pandemia afectó la atención de pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos, ya que limitó la continuidad de los servicios no urgentes, pero entre las estrategias que se han utilizado para sortear las limitaciones del distanciamiento social se pueden destacar, por ejemplo, la telemonitorización/teleservicio, la estratificación de riesgos de los individuos seguidos y la programación previa de consultas. Los pacientes se vieron afectados por el compromiso de la atención en la atención primaria de salud, considerando que sus patologías requieren un seguimiento continuo, además de ser un factor de riesgo para la forma grave de covid-19. A pesar de los beneficios, la atención remota tiene limitaciones, como el acceso limitado a la red de Internet y la necesidad de capacitación de profesionales.O estudo teve como objetivos identificar os impactos da pandemia no atendimento dos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos na atenção primária à saúde e refletir sobre as estratégias utilizadas para o acompanhamento desses pacientes no contexto pandêmico. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca de artigos no site virtual de pesquisa de livre acesso, o Google acadêmico, nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2021. Utilizou-se os seguintes descritores: “Diabetes Mellitus”; Hipertensão; “COVID-19”; Enfermagem; “Atenção Primária à Saúde”. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos completos, disponíveis na íntegra, publicados no idioma português entre 2020 e 2021. Ao final do processo, foram selecionados seis artigos que compuseram a amostra do estudo. Ficou evidente que a pandemia afetou a assistência dos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos, uma vez que limitou a continuidade dos serviços não emergenciais, mas dentre as estratégias que têm sido utilizadas para contornar as limitações do distanciamento social pode-se destacar, por exemplo, o telemonitoramento/teleatendimento, a estratificação de riscos dos indivíduos acompanhados e o agendamento prévio das consultas. Os pacientes foram afetados pelo comprometimento do atendimento na atenção primária à saúde, tendo em vista que suas patologias necessitam de acompanhamento contínuo, além de se tratarem de um fator de risco para a forma grave da covid-19. Apesar dos benefícios, o atendimento remoto possui limitações, como o acesso limitado à rede de internet e a necessidade de treinamento de profissionais

Degree of satisfaction of puerperal women about the quality of care in Rooming-in of a Public Maternity

Objective: to identify the degree of satisfaction of puerperal women regarding the Quality of Care (QOC) in Rooming-in (RI) of a public maternity. Method: descriptive quantitative research with 351 women who answered a structured interview that obeyed legal procedures for research involving human beings. Data analysis was performed by means of the Likert scale. The study was approved by Ethics Research Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under the Protocol No. 034/11-P and certificate presentation to Ethics Assessment nº. 0043.0.051.000-11. Results: there was satisfaction with the care, multidisciplinary team, guidelines, visiting hours and dissatisfaction for the indicators: physical structure, privacy, comfort and ventilation. Conclusion: it is concluded that most users are satisfied with the health services although there were complaints with the ambiance. The opinion of the mothers is important and reflects the actions that have been developed in the health sector, directing to a planning that offers quality, once that the RI is characterized as a hospital system and should provide cozy space with comfort, privacy, infrastructure to have adequate assistance

Effect of in ovo feeding of L-glutamine + ISP to chick embryos

In ovo feeding (IOF) is the biotechnology that injects nutrients into the amnion of the avian embryo may cause an increase in hatchability and gastrointestinal development, and affecting the serum metabolism. This hypothesis was evaluated using 5 IOF solutions containing L-glutamine and L-glutamine + ISP (Isolated Soy Protein). 300 fertile eggs Rhode Island Red (breeders with 43-weeks) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with the treatments constituted by two controls (intact egg and IOF control with saline solution) and three solutions containing L-glutamine and L-glutamine + ISP, with 60 replicates (eggs) each. Data collected were subjected to the Tukey test at 5% of significance. There was a significantly lower (p<0.01) in hatchability from the IOF of L-glutamine + ISP, and a consequent increase in the intermediary embryo mortality. The yolk sac was higher (p<0.01) in chicks subjected to solutions containing 0.5% L-glutamine and 0.5% L-glutamine + 1.0% ISP, whereas all in ovo embryos presented great (p<0.05) development of heart and pancreas than intact eggs. In ovo fed embryos at 0.5% L-glutamine and 0.5% L-glutamine + 1.0% ISP presented great developed of gastrointestinal tract than intact eggs. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that 0.5% L-glutamine may be used to IOF in chick embryos without a negative influence on chick weight and gastrointestinal tract development, acting as a metabolism regulator and obtaining better hatchability

The association between cardiovascular risk factors and major cardiovascular diseases decreases with increasing frailty levels in geriatric outpatients

BACKGROUND: Frailty marks a process of increasing dysregulation of physiological systems which increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. This study examines the hypothesis that the association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) becomes stronger with increasing frailty severity. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 339 older adults (55.2% women; aged 75.2 ± 9.1 years) from an outpatient geriatric clinic from a middle-income country. The frailty index (FI) was calculated as the proportion of 30 possible health deficits. We assessed hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, sedentarism and smoking as CVRF (determinants) and myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure as CVD. Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, and education was applied to estimate the association between frailty as well as CVRF (independent variables) with CVD (dependent variable). RESULTS: Of the 339 patients, 18,3% were frail (FI ≥ 0.25) and 32.7% had at least one CVD. Both frailty and CVRF were significantly associated with CVD (PR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05; p = 0.001, and PR = 1.46, 95% 1.24 to 1.71; p < 0.001, respectively) adjusted for covariates. The strength of the association between CVRF and CVD decreased with increasing frailty levels, as indicated by a significant interaction term of frailty and CVRF (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Frailty and CVRF are both associated with CVD, but the impact of CVRF decreases in the presence of frailty. When confirmed in longitudinal studies, randomized controlled trials or causal inference methods like Mendelian randomization should be applied to assess whether a shift from traditional CVRF to frailty would improve cardiovascular outcome in the oldest old

The Relationship between Ideology and COVID-19 Deaths: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know

Several recent studies have investigated if support for Jair Bolsonaro in the presidential election of 2018 is positively associated with COVID-19 infections and deaths in Brazil. In these studies, COVID-19 outcomes in 2020 and 2021 are the dependent variables, and votes for Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 presidential election (as a proxy for ideology) are the key explanatory variable. This article discusses why ecological research designs are difficult to test empirically. We discuss why correlations between vote shares and COVID-19 outcomes using aggregate data can produce biased inferences, and we specifically focus on measurement error, aggregation bias, and spatial and temporal dynamics

Agronomic characteristics and yield of corn after inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Corn is one of the most important crops in Brazil and, due to its physiological characteristics, it has a high productive potential and high nutritional quality, for animal and human nutrition. Therefore, this work sought to evaluate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum FZB42 on agronomic characteristics and yield of corn crop. A randomized block design was used, with six doses of B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum FZB42 (0.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0, and 12.5 mL kg-1 seeds) and four repetitions, totaling 24 experimental units. The study was conducted in the experimental area of annual crops of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the South of Minas Gerais — IFSULDEMINAS), Muzambinho Campus, in the 2017/18 agricultural year. The agronomic evaluations were: plant height, upper ear insertion height, culm diameter, leaf nitrogen content, forage fresh mass, incidence of Fusarium in the ear, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, mass of 1000 grains, and yield. The nutritional evaluations performed were: crude protein, ash, ether extract, crude fiber, fiber in acid detergent, and fiber in neutral detergent. In summary, the inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum FZB42 in corn seeds, regardless of the dose applied, did not interfere with the agronomic characteristics and nutritional quality of corn silage

Testis and brown adipose tissue xenografts from yellowish myotis (Myotis levis)

Yellowish myotis present a seasonal reproduction, influenced by rainfall distribution, in which the testis mass, germ cell composition, and brown adipose tissue (B.A.T.) mass change along the reproductive stages. In the present study, tissue xenografts were performed in immunodeficient mice to investigate spermatogenesis development in a stable endocrine milieu and the possible androgenic role of B.A.T. In this study, 41 adult male bats were captured in the Santuário do Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The gonads and B.A.T. were collected, weighed, and grafted under the mice's back skin. Mice biometric and hormonal data were evaluated after grafting, and the testis grafts and mice gonads were fixed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. As a result, testis grafts from adult bats presented a continuous germ cell development in all reproductive stages, showing round spermatids in all testis tissues. Furthermore, testis fragments in the Rest stage presented elongating spermatids as the most advanced germ cell type in the seminiferous epithelium after 7 months of grafting. These data indicated that yellowish myotis spermatogenesis could be continued (presenting a constant spermatogonial differentiation) in a stable endocrine milieu, as found in mice. In addition, the best spermatogenic development was achieved when testis fragments were transplanted at their lowest activity (Rest stage). Regarding the B.A.T. grafts, the adipose tissue consumption by mice increased seminal vesicle mass and testosterone serum levels. This data proves that B.A.T. is related to testosterone synthesis, which may be critical in stimulating the differentiation of spermatogonia in yellowish myotis