Motivación emprendedora y teoría de los stakeholders

Este trabajo desarrolla una justificación para la teoría de los stakeholders basada en las motivaciones. La metodología utilizada es diferente y complementaria de la usada en trabajos anteriores, que imponen consideraciones normativas a esta teoría. Enfocado al proceso emprendedor, analiza los mecanismos que explican las acciones y el alineamiento de los distintos participantes. El argumento principal es que cada grupo de interés actúa motivado tanto por el resultado de sus acciones como por el aprendizaje que genera el proceso en sí mismo. A su vez, ese proceso, como motivación central, provee una identidad individual y colectiva y, en su último término, explica el alineamiento de los distintos grupos. Este argumento tiene implicaciones tanto a nivel directivo como normativo

The human resources management contribution to social responsibility and environmental sustainability: explorations from Ibero-America

[EN] In this paper we aim to advance the discussion on HRM¿s quest to create value around social responsibility and environmental sustainability. We explore the perceptions reported by Human Resource managers in three Ibero-American countries (Spain, the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica). We focus on the hospitality sector, one of particular relevancy for these countries and with significant sustainability challenges. Relying on in-depth interviews in twenty-eight organizations and a mixed-methods approach, we examine HR managers¿ underlying notions around social and environmental issues, stakeholder collaboration, HRM practices, roles and internal organization. Analysis of the interviews suggests varying views on those dimensions, as well as identifies Active and Advanced firms, the latter showing more commitment to sustainability (as part of the organizational culture), usage of HRM practices and engagement with multiple stakeholders. From this empirical exploration and relying on current sustainability developments, we contribute to the literature by outlining an externally-oriented model (centred on corporate priorities, communities¿ flourishing and ecosystems¿ resilience) aiming to advance HRM¿s engagement with sustainability-driven agendas.Alcaraz, JM.; Susaeta-Erburu, L.; Suárez-Ruz, ME.; Colón, C.; Gutierrez, I.; Cunha, R.; Leguizamon, F.... (2017). The human resources management contribution to social responsibility and environmental sustainability: explorations from Ibero-America. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1350732

PDE-4 inhibition rescues aberrant synaptic plasticity in Drosophila and mouse models of fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of both intellectual disability and autism resulting from a single gene mutation. Previously, we characterized cognitive impairments and brain structural defects in a Drosophila model of FXS and demonstrated that these impairments were rescued by treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonists or lithium. A well-documented biochemical defect observed in fly and mouse FXS models and FXS patients is low cAMP levels. cAMP levels can be regulated by mGluR signaling. Herein, we demonstrate PDE-4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate memory impairments and brain structural defects in the Drosophila model of fragile X. Furthermore, we examine the effects of PDE-4 inhibition by pharmacologic treatment in the fragile X mouse model. We demonstrate that acute inhibition of PDE-4 by pharmacologic treatment in hippocampal slices rescues the enhanced mGluR-dependent LTD phenotype observed in FXS mice. Additionally, we find that chronic treatment of FXS model mice, in adulthood, also restores the level of mGluR-dependent LTD to that observed in wild-type animals. Translating the findings of successful pharmacologic intervention from the Drosophila model into the mouse model of FXS is an important advance, in that this identifies and validates PDE-4 inhibition as potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of individuals afflicted with FXS

ISWI Regulates Higher-Order Chromatin Structure and Histone H1 Assembly In Vivo

Imitation SWI (ISWI) and other ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors play key roles in transcription and other processes by altering the structure and positioning of nucleosomes. Recent studies have also implicated ISWI in the regulation of higher-order chromatin structure, but its role in this process remains poorly understood. To clarify the role of ISWI in vivo, we examined defects in chromosome structure and gene expression resulting from the loss of Iswi function in Drosophila. Consistent with a broad role in transcriptional regulation, the expression of a large number of genes is altered in Iswi mutant larvae. The expression of a dominant-negative form of ISWI leads to dramatic alterations in higher-order chromatin structure, including the apparent decondensation of both mitotic and polytene chromosomes. The loss of ISWI function does not cause obvious defects in nucleosome assembly, but results in a significant reduction in the level of histone H1 associated with chromatin in vivo. These findings suggest that ISWI plays a global role in chromatin compaction in vivo by promoting the association of the linker histone H1 with chromatin

A theoretical and empirical assessment of the social capital of nascent entrepreneurial teams

Social capital has been regarded as a driving force in organizational emergence and growth. The growing body of literature in social capital and entrepreneurship studies how social capital provides a medium for the exchange of critical resources necessary to firm founding and success. It investigates how entrepreneurs draw upon their existing social networks and construct new ones in the process of obtaining knowledge, resources, and support for their projects. Although the conclusions of this stream of literature are very promising, most of the conducted studies concern to the network structures of single entrepreneurs, skipping the study of the social capital of entrepreneurial teams. In view of the fact that ventures started by teams are on average more successful than those started by single individuals, studying the social capital of entrepreneurial teams emerge as a necessary and auguring topic. In particular, the understanding of the role played by the team\u27s social capital in the nascent stages of venture formation provides a starting point to the study of the role of teams\u27 social capital along the whole entrepreneurial cycle. In this vein, the purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the effects of social capital in nascent entrepreneurial projects carried out by entrepreneurial teams. For this, it develops a testable framework that integrates different network mechanisms acknowledged to be responsible for the creation of social capital. Specifically, it integrates the bridging approach that bases the benefits of social capital on a sparse and diverse network, and the bonding approach that instead bases the benefits of social capital on a dense and cohesive network. By surveying 74 nascent entrepreneurial teams, this dissertation explores how (1) the team\u27s external social capital, which is based on the diversity of ties that the members of the team have with outside parties; and (2) the team\u27s internal social capital, which reflects the communication patterns and the feelings between the members, impact the advancement of a business idea. Additionally, given the particular characteristics of nascent entrepreneurial teams, it proposes a trade-off between the external and internal dimensions and explores the effects of increases in the internal social capital on teams\u27 performance

Motivación emprendedora y teoría de los stakeholders

Este trabajo desarrolla una justificación para la teoría de los stakeholders basada en las motivaciones. La metodología utilizada es diferente y complementaria de la usada en trabajos anteriores, que imponen consideraciones normativas a esta teoría. Enfocado al proceso emprendedor, analiza los mecanismos que explican las acciones y el alineamiento de los distintos participantes. El argumento principal es que cada grupo de interés actúa motivado tanto por el resultado de sus acciones como por el aprendizaje que genera el proceso en sí mismo. A su vez, ese proceso, como motivación central, provee una identidad individual y colectiva y, en su último término, explica el alineamiento de los distintos grupos. Este argumento tiene implicaciones tanto a nivel directivo como normativo