Perinatal hypoxia: different effects of the inhibitors of GABA transporters GAT1 and GAT3 on the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake by cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic nerve terminals

Aim To analyze the effects of highly selective blocker GAT1, NO-711, and substrate inhibitor GAT3, β-alanine, on the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake by cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) after perinatal hypoxia. Methods Animals were divided into two groups: control (n = 17) and hypoxia (n = 12). Rats in the hypoxia group underwent hypoxia and seizures (airtight chamber, 4% O2 and 96% N2) at the age of 10-12 postnatal days and were used in the experiments 8-9 weeks after hypoxia. Results In cortical synaptosomes, the effects of NO-711 (30 μΜ) and β-alanine (100 μΜ) on [3H]GABA uptake were similar in control and hypoxia groups. In hippocampal synaptosomes, NO-711 inhibited 84.3% of the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake in normal conditions and 80.1% after hypoxia, whereas the effect of β-alanine was increased after hypoxia from 14.4% to 22.1%. In thalamic synaptosomes, the effect of NO-711 was decreased by 79.6% in controls and by 70.9% in hypoxia group, whereas the effect of β-alanine was increased after hypoxia from 20.2% to 30.2%. Conclusions The effectiveness of β-alanine to influence GABA uptake was increased in hippocampal and thalamic nerve terminals as a result of perinatal hypoxia and the effectiveness of NO-711 in thalamic nerve terminals was decreased. These results may indicate changes in the ratio of active GAT1/GAT3 expressed in the plasma membrane of nerve terminals after perinatal hypoxia. We showed a possibility to modulate non-GAT1 GABA transporter activity in different brain regions by exogenous and endogenous β-alanin

Potential of the rhizobacterium Ensifer meliloti for the phytoremediation of mixed PAH–heavy metal contamination

The potential of the rhizobial strain Ensifer meliloti P221 as a bacterium capable of degrading phenanthrene in the presence of a heavy metal (nickel) and exhibiting plant-growth promoting activity toward Sorghum bicolor under mixed contamination condition was studied. It was shown that nickel at a concentration of 0.1 mM inhibited the microbial growth and phenanthrene degradation by 43 and 34%, respectively. Analysis of the enzymes involved in the phenanthrene degradation by the rhizobium revealed the activity of the phenanthrenequinone reductase (PQR) and protocatechuate 2,3-dioxigenase (2,3-PCD). It was found that nickel at concentrations up to 0.2 mM did not affect significantly the PQR activity, but inhibited it by 30% when the metal concentration increased to 5 mM. Nickel at concentrations up to 5.0 mM did not affect significantly on the activity of 2,3-PCD. E. meliloti promoted elongation of sorghum seedling roots by 69% in medium co-contaminated with phenanthrene and nickel. The results obtained assume that the rhizobial strain studied can exhibit its PAH-degrading and plant-growth promoting activities in the environment co-contaminated with nickel and phenanthrene. This microorganism may be promising for bioremediation and phytoremediation of mixed PAH–heavy metal contamination

Lipid peroxidation during chronic inflammation

To keep needed level of peroxide lipid oxidation is necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems. It is supported by the balance of anti-and prooxidant systems. The positive influence of lipid peroxidation processes in the organism is manifested by the restoration of the composition and maintenance of the properties of biological membranes, participation in energy processes, cell division, synthesis of biologically active substances. It has been established that the inflammatory process is accompanied by changes in lipid metabolism and the intensity of peroxide oxidation

The state of lipid exchange and thrombotic link of hemostasis in patients with chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases of genitals

It has been stated that changes of lipid exchange and increasing of lipid peroxidation are accompanied by the inflammatory process, which show the increase of proatherogenic blood characteristics. In patients with chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases of genitals disorders of phagocytosis mechanisms, increasing of autointoxication and reaction of hypersensitivity of immediate type are revealed after full blood count index. On the basis of analyses results one can conclude that the increase of atherogenic properties of blood plasma in patients with chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases of genitals took place in accordance with vascular endothelium damage. The article is the first to show the effectiveness of complex treatment of different atherosclerotic pathogenesis links by means of correction of proatherogenic lipid fractions and antioxidative complexes

A comparative study of neurotoxic potential of synthesized polysaccharidecoated and native ferritinbased magnetic nanoparticles

Aim To analyze the neurotoxic potential of synthesized magnetite nanoparticles coated by dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, oxidized hydroxyethyl starch, and chitosan, and magnetic nanoparticles combined with ferritin as a native protein. Methods The size of nanoparticles was analyzed using photon correlation spectroscopy, their effects on the conductance of planar lipid membrane by planar lipid bilayer technique, membrane potential and acidification of synaptic vesicles by spectrofluorimetry, and glutamate uptake and ambient level of glutamate in isolated rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes) by radiolabeled assay. Results Uncoated synthesized magnetite nanoparticles and nanoparticles coated by different polysaccharides had no significant effect on synaptic vesicle acidification, the initial velocity of L-[14C]glutamate uptake, ambient level of L-[14C]glutamate and the potential of the plasma membrane of synaptosomes, and conductance of planar lipid membrane. Native ferritin-based magnetic nanoparticles had no effect on the membrane potential but significantly reduced L-[14C]glutamate transport in synaptosomes and acidification of synaptic vesicles. Conclusions Our study indicates that synthesized magnetite nanoparticles in contrast to ferritin have no effects on the functional state and glutamate transport of nerve terminals, and so ferritin cannot be used as a prototype, analogue, or model of polysaccharide-coated magnetic nanoparticle in toxicity risk assessment and manipulation of nerve terminals by external magnetic fields. Still, the ability of ferritin to change the functional state of nerve terminals in combination with its magnetic properties suggests its biotechnological potential

Remote Prophylaxis of Social and Educational Adaptation of University International Entrants in Total Pandemic

The relevance of the study is due to the trends of the global pandemic, which provoked an extremal transition of all areas of higher education to distance learning, as the only possible way to work with domestic and international entrants and students. In addition, the trends of the pandemic in the current educational environment also determine the special need to develop remote mechanisms for a prophylaxis approach to solving the problems of social and educational adaptation of international entrants – future University students. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the features of remote prophylaxis of social and educational adaptation of entrants. The article reveals the transformation of social and educational adaptation of international entrants in the global pandemic; defines the structure and content of remote prophylaxis of social and educational adaptation of international University entrants in the global pandemic. Based on the results of the research, the authors of the article substantiate the prophylaxis model of the educational and software complex for remote prophylaxis of social and educational adaptation of University international entrants. The effectiveness of the model is proved by the results of its use in the process of remote social and educational adaptation of University international entrants in the context of a global pandemic. The materials of the article have practical application and can be useful in the development and implementation of various methods and practices of social and educational adaptation of international entrants – future University students in the context of a global pandemic. It is recommended for University teachers and students, methodologists, curators, Tutors

Introspectiveness of Higher Education Students: Study and Development

The change in strategic guidelines in Russian education is associated with a revision of the goals of teaching and upbringing. However, the emphasis of reforms has shifted towards the formation of the required professional competences at this stage in the development of the education system of the Russian Federation. We think that it is possible to achieve the set goal of higher education through the development of the introspectiveness as a quality of the personality of students. The formation of the introspectiveness in a future specialist will have an effect on the successful mastery, expansion and transformation of social experience, as well as the internal plan of action. Thus, demonstrating the formed introspectiveness as a personality trait, the student is able to organize his educational activities independently, activities to cognize the surrounding reality and his inner world, as well as self-determine in various life situations, including the development of general cultural and professional competences. In this regard, the emphasis in the issue of developing the introspectiveness of students is made on specifying the conditions that must be created at a higher education institution for the manifestation and formation of this personality quality. The purpose of the article is to study the level of the introspectiveness of university students and develop psychological and pedagogical conditions that develop this personality quality. The leading techniques for the study of this problem were the following: Q-sort Technique; the technique for diagnostics of an individual measure of the introspectiveness degree. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, the levels of the introspectiveness of university students were revealed. The results of the ascertaining experiment convincingly demonstrated the need to organize special work to develop the introspectiveness of students. The authors substantiated that the success of developing students’ introspectiveness is ensured by the created psychological and pedagogical conditions. A model of developing the introspectiveness as a personality quality of a future professional has been developed and tested. The results of this study create opportunities for further development of the problem in the context of the organization of lectures in the learning process for students of different courses and types of specialization. The article is intended for psychologists, tutors, education managers