Desenvolvimento, viabilidade econômica e intenção de compra de geleia de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum) em Manaus – Amazonas/ Development, economic viability and intention to purchase cubiu jam (Solanum sessiliflorum) in Manaus - Amazonas

O cubiu é uma espécie componente da biodiversidade amazônica, com potencial econômico para geração de renda a pequenos agricultores. Possui aroma e sabor agradáveis, além de apresentar nutrientes, alto teor de pectina e ter potencial para formulações de outros produtos como compotas, geleias e sucos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma geleia de cubiu, e posteriormente, avaliar a viabilidade econômica e a intenção de compra por consumidores de uma feira da agricultura familiar em Manaus - Amazonas. A geleia foi preparada com 70% de polpa de fruta, 50% de açúcar e 50% de amido, considerando 1kg de cada ingrediente. A viabilidade econômica foi analisada a partir de indicadores como custos de produção, preço de venda, receita bruta e indicador de rentabilidade. A intenção de compra foi avaliada por meio da aplicação de questionários aos consumidores da feira, que indicaram nota de 1 a 5, sendo a nota 1 equivalente a certamente não compraria e a nota 5, equivalente a certamente compraria. Os resultados encontrados foram positivos, demonstrando um potencial mercadológico, pois a geleia de cubiu apresentou boa intenção de compra entre os consumidores e uma rentabilidade satisfatória nas condições estudadas

Comparison of epidemiological profile of leprosy from 2010 to 2020 in the city of Alfenas, state of Minas Gerais, with Brazil

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a mycobacterium that affects skin cells and peripheral nerves and, when not treated properly, can cause skin lesions with loss of local sensitivity. Its study is still of great importance, as it is a stigmatizing disease, with impacts on public health in emerging countries such as Brazil, and prevalent cities such as the Alfenas city in Minas Gerais. Objective: To compare the epidemiological profile of patients affected by leprosy from 2010 to 2020 in Alfenas city, state of Minas Gerais, with Brazil. Method: This is a transversal and descriptive study with collected data for the period of 2010 to 2020 available in the DATASUS system. Result: The observed profile was characterized by men, aged over 15 years, incomplete Elementary School I and multibacillary type of the disease, however there was divergence in relation to the race/color of individuals affected by leprosy comparing the national scope with the municipal scope of Alfenas. This difference in data is due to the socioeconomic development process in the city of Alfenas since its population composition is similar to that of west Paulista by virtue of the coffee labor in the colonial period. The statistical analysis indicated a varied prevalence coefficients for Brazil and Alfenas, and a dependence between both variables, although relatively weak. Conclusion: With the high prevalence of leprosy cases and its consequences, such as skin lesions, it is of great importance to understand this disease, as well as its epidemiological patterns

Enfisema pulmunar: aspectos fisiopatológicos e sua associação com o tabagismo

O tabagismo é um tema de preocupação global para a saúde, pois a inalação recorrente das substâncias tóxicas liberadas pelo cigarro é uma das principais causas de doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas (DPOC). Nesse grupo de enfermidades, encontra-se o enfisema, patologia respiratória em que há redução da elasticidade do tecido pulmonar associada a destruição dos alvéolos, resultando em uma gradual perda da capacidade respiratória, sem que haja prognóstico de reversão ou melhora do quadro. Este artigo pretende fornecer uma revisão de literatura sobre a influência das toxinas do tabaco no desenvolvimento do enfisema pulmonar, bem como sua patogênese e epidemiologia. Portanto, foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos nas bases de dados: US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS)

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

AVALIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE SOROPROTEÍNA NÃO DESNATURADA COMO UM INDICADOR DE TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO PARA LEITE UHT E LEITE EM PÓ

During heat treatment of dairy products it is possible to occur several chemical modifications which whey protein denaturation is quite evident and studied. This phenomenon can cause gelation in UHT milk and some problems in reconstitution of milk powder, two major dairy products widely used in dairy foods and by consumer. The whey protein nitrogen index (WPNI) can be an useful tool to assess the degree of severity that milk was submitted, and therefore inferred from the occurrence of possible defects associated with protein denaturation. This study presents theevaluation of the non-denaturated whey protein contents as a heat treatment indicator for ultrapasteurization and drying milk processing. Commercial samples of UHT milk and milk powdershowed WPNI confidence interval of (2.39 ± 1.41) mgWPN.mL-1 and (2.63 ± 1.38) mgWPN.mL-1, respectively. According to the statistical analysis of variance, all samples differed with a p-value < 0.001; and 90% of UHT milk and 67% milk powder samples were classified as medium heat treatment. It was possible to infer the severity of the heat treatment associated with each kind of product analyzed.The results were able to demonstrate the lack of standardization of heat treatment processes on the samples studied, a fact that may result in the growth of undesirablecharacteristics in the products during the storage or commercia lization.Durante o processamento térmico de produtos lácteos ocorrem diversas modificações químicas dentre as quais a desnaturação de soroproteínas é bastante evidente e estudada. Este fenômeno pode gerar gelificação em leite UHT e problemas de solubilização em leite em pó, dois importantes produtos lácteos amplamente difundidos no mercado nacional. O índice de soroproteína não-desnaturada (WPNI) pode ser uma ferramenta útil para avaliar o grau de severidade ao qual o leite está sendo submetido e, portanto, permite inferir sobre a ocorrência dos possíveis defeitos associados à desnaturação proteica. Neste estudo, verificou-se o teor de soroproteína não-desnaturada como indicador de tratamento térmico em leite submetido aos processamentos de ultrapasteurização e de secagem. As amostras comerciais de leite UHT e leite em pó analisadas apresentaram um intervalo de confiança de WPNI (2,39 ± 1,41) mg WPN.mL-1 e (2,63 ± 1,38) mg WPN.mL-1, respectivamente. De acordo com a análise estatística de variância, todas as amostras avaliadas diferiram entre si com um p-valor < 0,001; sendo que 90% das amostras de leite UHT e 67% para as amostras de leite em pó foram classificadas como submetidas a médio tratamento térmico. Os dados obtidos permitiram inferir sobre a severidade do tratamento térmico associado a cada tipo de produto analisado e foram capazes de demonstrar a falta de padronização dos processos de tratamento térmico nas amostras estudadas, fato este que pode ter como consequência o desenvolvimento de características indesejáveis nos produtos ao longo do período de estocagem e comercialização

Efficacy of Preemptive Analgesia with Amantadine for Controlling Postoperative Pain in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the preemptive administration of amantadine on postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and its influence on the physiological parameters. Twenty healthy domestic cats scheduled to undergo ovariohysterectomy at the Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, were divided into two groups: the control group (Group C; n = 10) and the amantadine group (Group A; n = 10). The cats in Group C received placebo capsules 30 min prior to the standard anesthetic protocol, whereas those in Group A received 5 mg/kg of amantadine orally 30 min prior to the standard anesthetic protocol. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale and the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional scale for the evaluation of postoperative pain in cats. The administration of amantadine had no effect on the physiological parameters evaluated. The pain scores in Group A were lower than those in Group C, indicating that the frequency of rescue analgesic administration cats in Group A was lower. That way, preemptive oral administration of amantadine at a dose of 5 mg/kg was effective at controlling postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Moreover, no adverse effects or alterations in the physiological patterns were observed in the treated animals

Valores priorizados por estudantes universitários de um curso de psicologia de uma universidade pública

A maioria das pesquisas acerca da psicologia da moralidade compartilha a definição de que a moral refere-se a regras e valores cujo propósito é regular as relações interpessoais. No presente estudo, consideramos essa premissa válida porém, também levamos em consideração aspectos relacionados ao Eu. Assim, analisamos os valores priorizados por universitários com a intenção de verificar se esses jovens se pautam por valores públicos, privados e/ou ligados à glória. Os informantes foram 170 estudantes do primeiro ano do curso de psicologia de uma universidade pública localizada na região oeste paulista, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 20 anos. Para a coleta de dados, aplicamos um questionário contendo perguntas relacionadas aos fatores factuais (idade, sexo e religião) e aos valores prezados pelos universitários. Os resultados – analisados segundo a psicologia das virtudes – mostraram que aproximadamente 70,0% das respostas válidas emitidas pelos estudantes apontaram a amizade (32,0%) e a inteligência (35,0%) como os valores mais priorizados. Os valores públicos praticamente não foram mencionados. No tocante às formas de glória, apesar de o percentual não ter sido expressivo para dinheiro e fama, quando os informantes justificaram a opção pela amizade e pela inteligência, conceberam tais valores como meios para a obtenção de dinheiro e fama. Concluímos que esses sujeitos dão pouca importância aos valores relacionados aos deveres (públicos) e a alguma forma de harmonia individual

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora