Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and clinical variables: Which is the best combination to predict reclassification in active surveillance patients?

n/

Systematic reviews of observational studies of risk of thrombosis and bleeding in urological surgery (ROTBUS) : introduction and methodology

Abstract Background Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in the peri-operative period involves a trade-off between reduction in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and an increase in bleeding. Baseline risks, in the absence of prophylaxis, for VTE and bleeding are known to vary widely between urological procedures, but their magnitude is highly uncertain. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses addressing baseline risks are uncommon, needed, and require methodological innovation. In this article, we describe the rationale and methods for a series of systematic reviews of the risks of symptomatic VTE and bleeding requiring reoperation in urological surgery. Methods/design We searched MEDLINE from January 1, 2000 until April 10, 2014 for observational studies reporting on symptomatic VTE or bleeding after urological procedures. Additional studies known to experts and studies cited in relevant review articles were added. Teams of two reviewers, independently assessed articles for eligibility, evaluated risk of bias, and abstracted data. We derived best estimates of risk from the median estimates among studies rated at the lowest risk of bias. The primary endpoints were 30-day post-operative risk estimates of symptomatic VTE and bleeding requiring reoperation, stratified by procedure and patient risk factors. Discussion This series of systematic reviews will inform clinicians and patients regarding the trade-off between VTE prevention and bleeding. Our work advances standards in systematic reviews of surgical complications, including assessment of risk of bias, criteria for arriving at best estimates of risk (including modeling of timing of events and dealing with suboptimal data reporting), dealing with subgroups at higher and lower risk of bias, and use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate certainty in estimates of risk. The results will be incorporated in the upcoming European Association Urology Guideline on Thromboprophylaxis. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42014010342

An introduction to the special issue “Small Renal Masses (SRMs): update in diagnosis, management and new ablative modalities”

n/

A review of the recent evidence (2006-2008) for 532-nm photoselective laser vaporisation and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate

CONTEXT: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and 532-nm laser vaporisation of the prostate (with potassium titanyl phosphate [KTP] or lithium borate [LBO]) are promising alternatives to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and open prostatectomy (OP). OBJECTIVE: To assess safety, efficacy, and durability by analysing the most recent evidence of both techniques, aiming to identify advantages, pitfalls, and unresolved issues. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A Medline search of recently published data (2006-2008) regarding both techniques over the last 2 yr (January 2006 to September 2008) was performed using evidence obtained from randomised trials (level of evidence: 1b), well-designed controlled studies without randomisation (level of evidence: 2a), individual cohort studies (level of evidence: 2b), individual case control studies (level of evidence: 3), and case series (level of evidence: 4). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: In the last 2 yr, several case-control and cohort studies have demonstrated reproducibility, safety, and efficacy of HoLEP and 80-W KTP laser vaporisation. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were available for HoLEP, two compared with TURP and two compared with OP, with follow-up <24 mo. Results confirmed general efficacy and durability of HoLEP, as compared with both standard techniques. Only two RCTs were available comparing KTP laser vaporisation with TURP with short-term follow-up, and only one RCT was available comparing KTP laser vaporisation with OP. The results confirmed the overall low perioperative morbidity of KTP laser vaporisation, although efficacy was comparable to TURP in the short term, despite a higher reoperation rate. CONCLUSIONS: Although they are at different points of maturation, KTP or LBO laser vaporisation and HoLEP are promising alternatives to both TURP and OP. Sufficient data proves HoLEP's durability for most prostate sizes at long-term follow-up; KTP laser vaporisation needs further evaluation to define the reoperation rate. Increasing the number of quality prospective RCTs with adequate follow-up is mandatory to tailor each technique to the right patient

Retroperitoneoscopic single-site 3D adrenalectomy for left adrenal renal cell carcinoma metastasis 20 years after left laparotomic radical nephrectomy

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the practicability of retroperitoneoscopic single-site 3D left adrenalectomy after previous homolateral laparotomic renal surgery. We present a case report of a 70-year-old male who underwent radical nephrectomy in 1999. Twenty years after radical nephrectomy, the patient underwent a computed tomography scan for B-cell lymphoma follow-up, which revealed a 30 mm left adrenal mass suspicious for a delayed renal-cell carcinoma metastasis. After multidisciplinary discussion, surgery was chosen as first option. To minimize surgical morbidity as much as possible, a 3D laparoscopic single-site retroperitoneal approach was chosen. The patient had no peri- or intra-operative complications and was discharged on Postoperative Day 3. The final histological report revealed an adrenal clear cell renal-cell carcinoma metastasis. This experience shows that single-site retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is possible in patients who underwent previous abdominal cancer surgery and is an option to consider when determining optimal approaches for adrenal surgery

Testicular tumors in the "elderly" population

Germ cell tumors arise in childhood but peak at around 30 years of age. They are the most common cancers in males under the age of 35. Over 95% arise in the testes while a minority originate in extragonadal sites such as the anterior mediastinum, or mainly in childhood the pineal gland or the sacrococcygeal area. These tumors show an extraordinary sensitivity to chemotherapy (and for seminoma, also to radiation) and cure rates are relatively high even in second or subsequent relapses. Very few data are present in the literature regarding patients diagnosed after 50 years and no specific trials have been conducted in this setting. Nearly all patients reported in the literature had testicular cancers, with occasional reports of extragonadal tumors. Despite the fact that > 50 years may be considered an "elderly" population, these patients are treated with the same cisplatin containing combinations as their younger counterparts with consequent higher toxicity. In this review we will present epidemiological and clinical data from this rare population of patients with testicular cancer

Procedure-specific Risks of Thrombosis and Bleeding in Urological Non-cancer Surgery : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context: Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis involves a trade-off between a reduction in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and increased bleeding. No guidance specific for procedure and patient factors exists in urology. Objective: To inform estimates of absolute risk of symptomatic VTE and bleeding requiring reoperation in urological non-cancer surgery. Evidence acquisition: We searched for contemporary observational studies and estimated the risk of symptomatic VTE or bleeding requiring reoperation in the 4 wk after urological surgery. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the evidence. Evidence synthesis: The 37 eligible studies reported on 11 urological non-cancer procedures. The duration of prophylaxis varied widely both within and between procedures; for example, the median was 12.3 d (interquartile range [IQR] 3.1-55) for open recipient nephrectomy (kidney transplantation) studies and 1 d (IQR 0-1.3) for percutaneous nephrolithotomy, open prolapse surgery, and reconstructive pelvic surgery studies. Studies of open recipient nephrectomy reported the highest risks of VTE and bleeding (1.8-7.4% depending on patient characteristics and 2.4% for bleeding). The risk of VTE was low for 8/11 procedures (0.2-0.7% for patients with low/medium risk; 0.8-1.4% for high risk) and the risk of bleeding was low for 6/7 procedures ( Conclusions: Although inferences are limited owing to low-quality evidence, our results suggest that extended prophylaxis is warranted for some procedures (eg, kidney transplantation procedures in high-risk patients) but not others (transurethral resection of the prostate and reconstructive female pelvic surgery in low-risk patients). Patient summary: The best evidence suggests that the benefits of blood-thinning drugs to prevent clots after surgery outweigh the risks of bleeding in some procedures ( such as kidney transplantation procedures in patients at high risk of clots) but not others ( such as prostate surgery in patients at low risk of clots). (C) 2017 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe