RANKING OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE MOBILIZATION OF BANK RESOURCES USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (CASE STUDY: IRANAIN HEKMAT BANK)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the resources mobilization of Iranian Hekmat Bank.Methodology: In this research, six main factors are considered in mobilizing resources and deposits of customers of the bank. The statistical population of this research is senior credits managers of Iranian Hekmat Bank. The ranking of these factors has also been done using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice Software (ECS).Main Findings: The results of this study showed that the factor of loyalty and organizational affiliation has the most impact on resources mobilization. Afterwards, communications and human factors, financial factors, advisory factors, service factors and physical factors are effective in mobilizing bank resources, respectively.Implications: The results of this study can be used to increase the quality of mobilization which directly affects the profitability of resources. Also this research can help other banks to absorb the financial resources and increases the level of invest in the banks. In addition it can help banks to improve their loan paying.Novelty: This research has focused on the large number of factors which can affect mobilization of bank resources which other previous researches have not addressed all these factors together. No other previous researches have focused on the strategies of fundraising, but in this research this goal has been focused

Comparative study of influence of two sperm preparation, swim up and density gradiant-swim up, on the outcomes of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in different types of semen samples infertile men referred to infertility research and treatment center, ACEC

Infertility is one of the developing problems in most countries and it has a lot of problems, which can be emotional, social and political. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the first line Assisted Reproduction Treatment (ART) modality for infertile couples because this method is inexpensive and non-invasive, which is effective for the treatment of couples with unexplained infertility or patient with normal or mild male factor. Two methods, mainly considered as laboratory techniques for improving the quality of sperm, includes Swim-Up (SU) and Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC). The SU is a common technique in IVF labs, and is mainly performed in a sample of semen having normal sperm concentration. In this technique, sperms are selected based on their motility and their capacity to leave the semen plasma. In the DGC method, sperms are selected based on the density, motile sperm are separated from dead sperms, leukocytes and other high-density semen plasmatic compounds. The aim of this method is thus to select sperms with high motility and morphology rates. Therefore,  the aim of the present study is to compare  the effect of these two methods on the outcome in intrauterine insemination  in different groups, including normal samples (< 60 million (type1)) and 20-60 million/ml (type2), oligospermia (type3) and  asthenospermia (type4), in patients referred to the Infertility Center. The present experimental study was performed on 545 couples  who referred to the Infertility Research and Treatment Center, in 2016 for infertile reasons and were in a good status in terms of general health. Processing of sperm was done by two common methods, swim-up and Density Gradient Centrifugation according WHO. Our study showed the effectiveness of the Density gradient-Swim up technique compared to Swim-up as a sperm preparation method with a favourable IUI success. &nbsp

Assessing the Operational Risk Management in Banks Based on Basel II Acord Methodology

AbstractAs every other business, there are a variety of risks in the banking industry, including operational risks. The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the Basel Committee, has required computing and managing the operational risk for banks and financial institutions. Accordingly, the goal of this study is to evaluate the operational risk management in banks based on the Basel II accord methodology. This study is of case study type. That is to achieve the research purpose, the Bank Hekmat Iranian (merged with Bank Sepah) was chosen as a young bank in Iran. Due to access to the bank's financial statements, no sampling was used and all audited statements of this bank over 2011 to 2016 were selected as the statistical population of the study. Then, the operational risk of this bank was calculated using two "Basic Indicator" and "Standardized" approaches based on the Basel II accord methodology. Also, the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran directive were used to identify different groups of bank activity in Standardized method.Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The results represent an ascending slope in operational risk in this bank over the research period. Due to the impact of the volume and the extent of banks' operations on the operating risk, this result could be due to an increase in the scope and volume of the operations in the bank during these years, which has directly affected the operational risk. This paper, while providing a relatively comprehensive and coherent literature about the operational risk, also provides details for calculating of this risk in banks. These details are based on the bank’s audited financial statements and can be used as a pattern to calculate operational risk in other banks.IntroductionEvery economic activity is exposed to risk. Because economic activities deal with the future and the future is always faced with risk and uncertainty. Credit and financial institutions are no exception. These institutions face a variety of risks, including credit risk, market risk and operational risk. Operational risk is the risk associated with the way a bank operates and manages its operations. Every risk arising from the way a bank operates is somehow indicative of operational risk. Operational risk factors can be within the organization (eg management and staff performance) or outside the organization (eg natural disasters).  The variety of factors that can lead to operational risk has made it difficult to measure this risk. Each bank's management must identify mechanisms for identifying and managing the risk and mobilize organizational culture to control and mitigate this risk. As described above, it is essential that banks and financial institutions are actively involved in the risk management process in order to monitor, manage and measure operational risk. They must have methods for quantifying operational risk so that they can calculate and control and mitigate this risk in their management scope. Therefore, the main question in this study is how much a bank's operational risk is according to the Basel II accord methodology.Case studyThis study is of case study type and the statistical population of the study is the data extracted from the audited financial statements of the Bank Hekmat Iranian (merged with Bank Sepah) during the research period. Since access to this data is feasible for the purpose of this study, sampling has not been used and the entire statistical population has been investigated.Materials and MethodsFollowing Basel II (2006) and Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2007) instructions, the “basic index” and the “standardized” approaches are used to calculate operational risk. In the “basic index” approach, a bank's operational risk per year equals a constant percentage of the bank's average earnings over the last three years. The “standardized” approach is similar to the “basic index” approach, except that it takes into account the fact that operational risk can vary between different segments of banks' operations. The “standardized” approach divides the bank's activities into eight working groups and considers for each working group a separate percentage of the average gross income as the operating risk for that group. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and interpret the results.Discussion and ResultsThe results showed that although the amount of operational risk in the “basic index” and the “standardized” approaches is slightly different and is greater in “standardized” approach than the “basic index” approach, but both methods show an increasing slope for the operational risk since 2014 to 2017. This means that the operating risk for Bank Hekmat Iranian has increased over these years.ConclusionThe results can be interpreted as having a significant increase in the volume and scope of operations of the Bank Hekmat Iranian (merged with Bank Sepah) from 2014 to 2017, the risk associated with these operations has been increased too. Since the scope of operational risk is very wide and encompasses almost all aspects of bank activity, it is natural that as the scope of bank operations broadens, operating risk will increase. Of course, this increase is due to the expansion of the bank's operations and its upward trend and does not necessarily have a negative message for the bank. Because the higher the risk, the higher the return. Banks may rely on the output of the standardized approach to apply more stringent and maximum precautionary measures and consider larger precautionary reserves to cover the capital required for operational risk