Female sexual outcomes in primiparous women after vaginal delivery and cesarean section

Background: Sexual function is an essential component of life and yet very little is known about the relationships between the female sexuality and the mode of delivery.Objective: To compare sexual outcomes after vaginal delivery and cesarean section.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on women in two stages; early pregnancy and 3 to 6 months after delivery in health centers. Female sexual outcomes evaluated were female Sexual Function Index scores and the time required to resume sexual activities after delivery.Results: Sexual function did not differ significantly among two groups vaginal delivery n=90 and cesarean section n = 113 with regard to duration of marriage, educational level, contraception methods, and occupational status p = 0.8.The mean timing of the resumption of sexual activity was 8.9 ± 1.3, and there was no substantial conflict between the two groups. Mean frequency of intercourse in the post-partum period was 1.8±1.2 times per week with significant difference compared to pre pregnancy P<0.05. The individual domain scores after the delivery was significantly lower in comparison with pre-pregnancy p<0.004.Conclusion: No differences in sexual outcomes between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Consequently cesarean section cannot be recommended in the view of maintenance of normal sexuality after child birth.Keywords: Women’s health, cesarean section, post-partum, vaginal delivery, female sexual functio

Female sexual outcomes in primiparous women after vaginal delivery and cesarean section

Background: Sexual function is an essential component of life and yet very little is known about the relationships between the female sexuality and the mode of delivery. Objective: To compare sexual outcomes after vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on women in two stages; early pregnancy and 3 to 6 months after delivery in health centers. Female sexual outcomes evaluated were female Sexual Function Index scores and the time required to resume sexual activities after delivery. Results: Sexual function did not differ significantly among two groups vaginal delivery n=90 and cesarean section n = 113 with regard to duration of marriage, educational level, contraception methods, and occupational status p = 0.8.The mean timing of the resumption of sexual activity was 8.9 \ub1 1.3, and there was no substantial conflict between the two groups. Mean frequency of intercourse in the post-partum period was 1.8\ub11.2 times per week with significant difference compared to pre pregnancy P<0.05. The individual domain scores after the delivery was significantly lower in comparison with pre-pregnancy p<0.004. Conclusion: No differences in sexual outcomes between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Consequently cesarean section cannot be recommended in the view of maintenance of normal sexuality after child birth

Magnetic nano-biocomposite CuFe2O4@methylcellulose (MC) prepared as a new nano-photocatalyst for degradation of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution

Background: Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) are even more important in bacterial resistance, even at low concentrations. The aim of this research was to synthesize CuFe2O4@methylcellulose (MC) as a new nano-photocatalyst for degradation of CIP from aqueous solution. Methods: The nano-photocatalyst (CuFe2O4@MC) was characterized by FESEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Powder XRD and EDS analysis confirmed the formation of pure-phase spinel ferrites. After CuFe2O4@MC characterization, the effective parameters in removal efficiency of CIP such as reaction time, initial antibiotic concentration, pH, photocatalyst loading, and degradation kinetic were investigated and conditions were optimized. Then, CIP degradation experiments were conducted on the real sample in the optimal conditions. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined under optimum conditions. Results: The structural characterization of the magnetic nanobiocomposite showed that it is in nanoscale, ferromagnetic property, and thermal stability. The optimal conditions were obtained at pH = 7, irradiation time (90 minutes), photocatalyst loading (0.2 g), and initial concentration of CIP (3 mg/L). The removal efficiency of CIP in the optimal conditions was obtained as 80.74% and 72.87% from the synthetic and real samples, respectively. The removal of COD was obtained as 68.26% in this process. The evaluation of kinetic linear models showed that the photocatalytic degradation process was fitted by pseudo-first order kinetic model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood. CuFe2O4@MC photocatalyst had a good stability and reusability for the fourth runs. Conclusion: The photocatalytic degradation of CIP from aqueous media with CuFe2O4@MC photocatalyst has a high efficiency, which can be used in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters. Keywords: Spinel, Ciprofloxacin, Methylcellulose, Wastewate

Sexual function among married menopausal women in Amol (Iran)

Background: Sexual activity is an important part of the human being′s life but this instinct could be influenced by some factors such as diseases, drug using, aging, and menopause. But information about that is limited. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the status of sexual activity among married menopausal women in Amol, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted to describe the sexual activity and sexual dysfunction of women after menopause. Data were collected from health centers in Amol from 280 married women using a questionnaire (self-completed or by interview). Finding: Mean age of subjects were 55.9 ± 6.02 years. 23.4% of subjects reported that their sexual intercourse had been low. 70% of subjects reported a decrease in their sexual activities after menopause. Sexual dysfunctions includes sexual desire disorder 80% arousal dysfunction 80%, orgasmic dysfunction 25%, dyspareunia 55.6%, and lack of sexual satisfaction 43.2%. Conclusion: Findings revealed high percentage of sexual desire disorder and sexual arousal disorder in menopausal women. Therefore, we should have emphasis on counseling and education about sexual activities during the menopause period

Weight-related concerns and diet behaviors among urban young females: A cross-sectional study

Background: Females are more likely than males to perceive themselves as too heavy, this has been explained in terms of the equation of “female beauty with extreme thinness.” Therefore, females are in general prone to develop unhealthy behaviors for weight management. Wrong weight control behaviors have significant health consequences. Objectives: To investigate the body weight concerns, body satisfaction, and weight control behaviors among young females and their association with age and socioeconomic status (SES). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in urban areas from a major city in South India. About 650 healthy unmarried females aged 15–25 years formed the study population. Self-reporting questionnaires were used to obtain relevant data. The categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square, correlation, and regression analyses by SPSS version 16. Results: Most overweight and obese subjects perceived themselves as overweight. Adolescents were more likely to report themselves as overweight. The perceived weight, body satisfaction, and weight control behaviors are influenced by weight status and age of the subjects. However, SES of the participants did not exhibit effect of others' opinion about their weight and body satisfaction as well as weight management behaviors. Conclusion: The high prevalence of weight-related concerns suggests that all females should be reached with appropriate information and interventions. Healthy weight control practices need to be explicitly promoted and unhealthy practices discouraged. Young females need special attention toward weight management

The prevalence of mental health disorders in Type 2 diabetic women in Amol, Iran

Introduction: Chronic diseases, diabetes in particular, are globally epidemic, and are regarded as a major public health problem for reproductive health. Diabetes may influence maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and also mental health.  The aim of the current study was to identify the prevalence of mental health disorders in type 2 diabetic women and to evaluate the possible correlation of the subscales of mental disorders with coexisting diabetic complications. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 400 women with type 2 diabetes were selected from the outpatient clinic of diabetic care center in Amol, Iran. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28) was used as a screening tool for the detection of mental disorders.  The questionnaire, which contained 28 items, comprised four domains: somatic symptoms, anxiety /insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. The diabetic complications were obtained from their documents. Results: The mean age of the participants, with a mean diagnosed 8.9±0.3 years, was 48.8±0.5 years. The prevalence of mental disorder among Type 2 diabetic women was found to be 73.7%. The most prevalent mental health disorder was social dysfunction (78.8), somatic symptoms (51.7%), anxiety/ insomnia (33.3%), and severe depression (11.3%) among type 2 diabetic women.   The prevalence of mental health disorder was higher in women with coexisting diabetic complications&ge3 than those <3 complications (p <0.05).  Significant differences was found between somatic symptoms, anxiety/ insomnia with coexisting diabetic complications (p <0.05). There were no significant differences between social dysfunction, severe depression with coexisting diabetic complications. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the importance and the effect of diabetes on mental health disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to put emphasis on the benefits of psychological screening at outpatient clinic of diabetic care center in Iran, particularly for those with co-morbid medical complications

Factors affecting students’ attitudes towards reproductive health in the north of Iran: Designing an educational program

Abstract Background It is essential to empower young people to promote reproductive health (RH) and develop effective educational programs to prevent risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting students’ attitudes towards RH based on the ecological model and then design an educational program. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 461 female students aged 18–29 in the north of Iran. This study was done in two stages. In the first stage, factors affecting the attitude towards RH including demographic questionnaire, interpersonal communication skills, family communication pattern, depression, stress and anxiety, body self-image, and self-confidence were determined. In the second stage, an educational program was designed based on the most effective factors. Independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were employed using SPSS version 20 software. Also, STATA version 15 software was utilized for statistical modeling to predict the best predictive model of attitude towards RH. Results 47.7% of students had a good attitude toward RH. The majority of students had problems with interpersonal communication skills (60.7%). Also, 28.5% experienced depression, 35.8% anxiety, and 12.8% stress at different levels. More than a quarter of the students (26.5%) had poor body self-image and 18.7% had Undesirable self-esteem. Interpersonal skills (P = 0.002), family communication pattern (P = 0.004), stress (p = 0.019), anxiety (P = 0.001), and body self-image (P = 0.034) have a significant relationship with the attitude towards RH. The multiple regression showed that the most important effective factor on RH is the dialogue orientation of family communication pattern (P = 0.041), stress (P = 0.002), and anxiety (P = 0.001). Conclusion Stress and anxiety management training and the use of dialogue orientation in the family communication pattern for young female students are recommended based on the scientific model

Late-pregnancy sleep quality and psychological distress in Iranian primiparous women

Background: Even though pregnant women commonly experience poor sleep quality during pregnancy, the role of sleep quality in psychological problems is still unclear. This study was carried out to determine the associations between poor sleep quality in the third trimester of pregnancy and the psychological distress among Iranian primiparous women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 primiparous women who attended prenatal care centers in Babol, Iran, in 2019. The sleep quality and the psychological status of the pregnant women were measured with Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) and Symptom CheckList-90 (SCL-90), respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association(s) between independent, dependent, and control confounding variables. Results: Poor sleep quality was found in 74% of the participants. Poor sleep quality was not associated with psychological distress (the total score of SCL-90-R). Compared with women with good sleep quality, women with poor sleep quality were more likely to have hostility (adjusted OR = 2.51; CI = 1.13, 5.55), somatization (adjusted OR = 4.31; CI = 1.96, 9.47), and less paranoid (OR = 0.22; CI = 0.11, 0.44) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: It is suggested that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with subscales of SCL-90 (hostility and somatization, paranoid) during the third trimester. Thus, further research on the topic is needed

A study on menstruation of Indian adolescent girls in an urban area of South India

Background: Menstrual cycle is an important indicator of women's reproductive health. However, menstruation has a different pattern within a few years after menarche, which might not be well understood by many adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 536 healthy menstruating females aged 10–19 years. Standardized self-reporting questionnaires were used to obtain relevant data. The categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Results: Mean age of menarche was 13 ± 1.1 years with wide variations, i.e., 10–17 years. 73.1% had cycle duration of 21–35 days. More than half of them reported 5–6 days' duration of menstrual blood flow and 12% of the participants had >7 days of flow. Long blood flow duration was more prevalent in early than in late adolescence. 30.1% reported abundant blood loss. 66.8% had dysmenorrhea and no difference was observed between early and late adolescents. Menstrual cycles tend to be shorter in early adolescence period. Conclusion: A comprehensive school education program on menarche and menstrual problems may help girls to cope better and seek proper medical assistance

دراسة تأثير الذكاء المعنوي على السلوك العدواني بالالتفات إلى الدور الوسيط للأخلاق المهنية؛ مجموعة الدراسة: ممرضو مشفى الإمام علي (ع) في محافظة ألبرز

سابقه و هدف: هوش کارکنان متغیّری مهم در فضای سازمان به شمار می‌رود. مدیران سازمان‌ها خواهان کارکنانی هستند که هوش بالاتری داشته باشند. یکی از انواع هوش‌ها که اخیراً جامعۀ علمی جهان بر آن متمرکز شده هوش معنوی است. علاوه‌براین، با توجه به شرایط خاص محیط بیمارستان، اخلاق حرفه‌ای نقش بسزایی در بروز رفتارهای مثبت و نشان‌ندادن رفتارهای مخرب در فضای بیمارستان دارد. یکی از رفتارهای مخرب به‌ویژه دربارۀ پرستارانی که به‌صورت مستقیم به ارائۀ خدمات مشغول هستند، رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر هوش معنوی بر رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه با توجه به نقش میانجی اخلاق حرفه‌ای در بیمارستان امام علی (ع) استان البرز در سال 1398 بود. روش کار: مطالعۀ حاضر از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری 1100 نفر از پرستاران بیمارستان امام علی (ع) استان البرز بود که پس از توزیع 500 پرسش‌نامه در میان آنان به‌روش تصادفی ساده، 490 پرسش‌نامه مناسب تشخیص داده شد. ابزارهای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسش‌نامه‌های استاندارد هوش معنوی، اخلاق حرفه‌ای و رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه بود. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده با آزمون‌های میانگین و الگویابی معادلات ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از آزمون میانگین حاکی از آن است که پرستاران بیمارستان امام علی (ع) از سطح قابل‌قبول هوش معنوی و رعایت اخلاق حرفه‌ای برخوردار بودند و رفتارهای پرخاشگرانۀ اندکی از خود بروز دادند. درضمن، نتایج الگویابی معادلات ساختاری نشان می‌دهد که هوش معنوی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر اخلاق حرفه‌ای پرستاران داشت و هوش معنوی و اخلاق حرفه‌ای هر دو تأثیر منفی ولی معناداری بر رفتارهای پرخاشگرانۀ پرستاران داشت؛ درنهایت اینکه نقش میانجی اخلاق حرفه‌ای در رابطۀ بین هوش معنوی و رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه تأیید شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: تقویت شاخص‌ها و متغیّر هوش معنوی در بهبود اخلاق حرفه‌ای در بیمارستان مؤثر است و موجب کاهش بروز رفتارهای پرخاشگرانه می‌شود. همچنین، رعایت اخلاق حرفه‌ای تأثیر هوش معنوی را بر کاهش بروز رفتارهای پرخاشگرانۀ پرستاران تسهیل می‌کند و به‌عنوان عاملی میانجی ایفای نقش می‌نماید. &nbsp; استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Esmaili R, Mousavi-Davoudi SM, Nasiri-Amiri F. The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Aggressive Behavior, Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3):35-50. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.29499 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Background and Objective: Employees’ intelligence is an important variable in an organization's environment. Managers of organizations want employees who have higher intelligence. One of the types of intelligence that has recently been the focus of attention of the world scientific community is spiritual intelligence. In addition, due to the specific circumstances of the hospital environment, professional ethics plays an important role in the emergence of positive behaviors and non-destructive behaviors in the hospital environment. One of the destructive behaviors of the hospital environment, especially for nurses who directly provide services, is aggressive behaviors. Therefore, after reviewing the research background, the present study aims to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on aggressive behaviors with the mediating role of professional ethics in Imam Ali Hospital in Alborz province in 2019. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. For this purpose, standard questionnaires of spiritual intelligence, professional ethics, and aggressive behaviors after evaluating their validity (content and construct validity) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha method) were used to collect the required data from 1100 nurses of Imam Ali (AS) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. The collected data were analyzed by one sample t-test and structural equation modeling. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interests. Results: The results of the mean test indicated that nurses in Imam Ali Hospital in Alborz had acceptable an level of spiritual intelligence and professional ethics. In addition, nurses in the hospital exhibit low aggressive behaviors. Meanwhile, the results of structural equation modeling indicate that spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on nurses' professional ethics. Both spiritual intelligence and professional ethics have negative but significant effects on aggressive behaviors of nurses; ultimately, the mediating role of professional ethics in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and aggressive behaviors has been confirmed. Conclusion: Improving the spiritual intelligence indicators and variable is effective in promoting professional ethics and decrease the incidence of aggressive behaviors in hospitals. Further, nurses' professional ethics facilitate the impact of spiritual intelligence on reducing aggressive behaviors and act as a mediating factor. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Esmaili R, Mousavi-Davoudi SM, Nasiri-Amiri F. The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Aggressive Behavior, Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3):35-50. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.29499خلفية البحث وأهدافه: يعتبر ذكاء العاملين متغير مهم في فضاء المؤسسة. فمدراء المؤسسات يبحثون عن عاملين يتمتعون بذكاء أعلى. ويعتبر الذكاء المعنوي أحد أنواع الذكاء الذي أصبح مؤخراً موضع اهتمام المجتمع العلمي العالمي. ومضافاً إلى ذلك فإن الظروف الخاصة المحيطة بالمشفى تمنح الأخلاق المهنية دوراً مهماً في ظهور أنواع السلوك الإيجابي وإخفاء أنواع السلوك المخرب في فضاء المشفى. ويعتبر السلوك العدواني أحد أنواع السلوك المخرب، وخاصة بالنسبة للممرضين الشاغلين بصورة مباشرة في تقديم الخدمات. والهدف من المطالعة الحاضرة دراسة تأثير الذكاء المعنوي على السلوك العدواني بملاحظة الدور الوسيط للأخلاق المهنية في مشفى الإمام علي (ع) في محافظة ألبرز خلال عام 2019. منهجية البحث: تعتبر هذه الدراسة من النوع الوصفي-التكافلي. ومجموعة الدراسة تتكون من 1100 فرد من ممرضي مشفى الإمام علي (ع) في محافظة ألبرز. وبعد أن تم توزيع 500 استبيان بينهم بصورة عشوائية بسيطة تم تحديد 490 استبياناً منها على أنها مناسبة. وكانت أدوات جمع البيانات عبارة عن الاستبيانات المعيارية للذكاء المعنوي والأخلاق المهنية والسلوك العدواني. وقد تم تفكيك وتحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها بواسطة اختبارات المعدّلات ونماذج المعادلات الهيكلية. وقد تمت مراعاة جميع الضوابط الأخلاقية في هذه الدراسة، ولم يلحظ مؤلفو المقالة أي تضارب للمصالح. المعطیات: تشير النتائج الحاصلة من اختبار المعدّل إلى أن ممرضي مشفى الإمام علي (ع) يتمتعون بمستوى مقبول من الذكاء المعنوي ومراعاة الأخلاق المهنية، وقد أبرزوا من أنفسهم درجة ضعيفة من السلوك العدواني. كما أن نتائج البحث عن نمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية تشير إلى أن للذكاء المعنوي تأثيراً إيجابياً وذا معنى على الأخلاق المهنية للممرضين. كما أن لكلا الذكاء المعنوي والأخلاق المهنية تأثير سلبي ولكنه ذو معنى على السلوك العدواني للممرضين. وفي النهاية فقد تم التأكيد على الدور الوسيط للأخلاق المهنية فيما يرتبط بالذكاء المعنوي والسلوك العدواني. الاستنتاج: إن تقوية المعايير ومتغير الذكاء المعنوي له تأثيره على تحسين الأخلاق المهنية في المشفى، ويؤدي إلى التقليل من بروز السلوك العدواني. كما أن مراعاة الأخلاق المهنية يُسهّل في عملية تأثير الذكاء المعنوي على التقليل من بروز السلوك العدواني للممرضين، ويلعب دور الوسيط في ذلك. &nbsp; يتم استناد المقالة على الترتيب التالي: Esmaili R, Mousavi-Davoudi SM, Nasiri-Amiri F. The Impact of Spiritual Intelligence on Aggressive Behavior, Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3):35-50. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i3.2949