4,369 research outputs found
Vortices and Flat Connections
At Bradlow's limit, the moduli space of Bogomol'nyi vortices on a compact
Riemann surface of genus is determined. The K\"{a}hler form, and the volume
of the moduli space is then computed. These results are compared with the
corresponding results previously obtained for a general vortex moduli space.Comment: LaTex file, 6 page
Volume of Vortex Moduli Spaces
A gas of Bogomol'nyi vortices in the Abelian Higgs model is studied on a
compact Riemann surface of genus and area . The volume of the moduli
space is computed and found to depend on and , but not on other
details of the shape of the surface. The volume is then used to find the
thermodynamic partition function and it is shown that the thermodynamical
properties of such a gas do not depend on the genus of the Riemann surface.Comment: LaTex file, 17 pages. To appear in Comm. Math. Phy
Stack-run adaptive wavelet image compression
We report on the development of an adaptive wavelet image coder based on stack-run representation of the quantized coefficients. The coder works by selecting an optimal wavelet packet basis for the given image and encoding the quantization indices for significant coefficients and zero runs between coefficients using a 4-ary arithmetic coder. Due to the fact that our coder exploits the redundancies present within individual subbands, its addressing complexity is much lower than that of the wavelet zerotree coding algorithms. Experimental results show coding gains of up to 1:4dB over the benchmark wavelet coding algorithm
The Relevant Operators for the Hubbard Hamiltonian with a magnetic field term
The Hubbard Hamiltonian and its variants/generalizations continue to dominate
the theoretical modelling of important problems such as high temperature
superconductivity. In this note we identify the set of relevant operators for
the Hubbard Hamiltonian with a magnetic field term.Comment: 19 pages, RevTe
Microbial dynamics during various activities in residential areas of Lahore, Pakistan
Bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere with their levels affected by a variety of environmental factors as well as
type of activities being carried out at any specific time. The present study investigated how indoor activities influence
bioaerosol concentrations in five residential houses of Lahore. Agar coated petri plates were exposed face upwards for
twenty minutes in kitchens and living rooms during activity and non-activity periods. The temperature and relative
humidity levels were noted as well. The bioaerosol concentrations in kitchens during the activity time ranged between
1022 to 4481 cfu/m3 and in living rooms from 1179 to 3183 cfu/m3 . Lower values were observed during non-activity
periods. A paired-t test revealed a significant difference in bacterial loads during activity and non-activity times in both
micro-environments (p = 0.038 in kitchen and p = 0.021 in living room). The predominant species identified were
Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. which are a common constituent of the indoor environment
and are known to be opportunistic pathogens as well
An Empirical Model for Build-up of Sodium and Calcium Ions in Small Scale Reverse Osmosis
A simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodiumand calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and reject streams usingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Multiple linear regression of natural logarithmic transformation was used to develop the model based on four main parameters that affect the build-up of solute in a small scale of RO namely applied pressure, permeate flux, membrane resistance, and feed concentration. Experimental data obtained in a small scale RO unit were used to develop the empirical model. The predicted values of theoretical build-up of sodium and calcium on membrane surface were found in agreement with experimental data. The deviation in the prediction of build-up of sodium and calcium were found to be 1.4 to 10.47 % and 1.12 to 4.46%, respectively
Methyl esters selectivity of transesterification reaction with homogenous alkaline catalyst to produce biodiesel in batch, plug flow, and continuous stirred tank reactors
Selectivity concept is essential in establishing the best operating conditions for attaining maximum production of the desired product. For complex reaction such as biodiesel fuel synthesis, kinetic studies of transesterification reaction have revealed the mechanism of the reaction and rate constants. The objectives of this research are to develop the kinetic parameters for determination of methyl esters and glycerol selectivity, evaluate the significance of the reverse reaction in transesterification reaction, and examine the influence of reaction characteristics (reaction temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio, and the amount of catalyst) on selectivity. For this study, published reaction rate constants of transesterification reaction were used to develop mathematical expressions for selectivities. In order to examine the base case and reversible transesterification, two calculation schemes (Case 1 and Case 2) were established. An enhanced selectivity was found in the base case of transesterification reaction. The selectivity was greatly improved at optimum reaction temperature (60 C), molar ratio (9 : 1), catalyst concentration (1.5 wt.%), and low free fatty acid feedstock. Further research might explore the application of selectivity for specifying reactor configurations
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