20 research outputs found
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I frequencies in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected patients from Salvador-Brazil
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Previous issue date: 2011Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilNational Cancer Institute. Laboratory of Genomic Diversity. SAIC-Frederick, Inc. Frederick, Maryland, USAEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison. Wisconsin National Primate Center. Madison, Wisconsin, USANational Cancer Institute. Laboratory of Genomic Diversity. SAIC-Frederick, Inc. Frederick, Maryland, USAEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasi
Psychopharmacotherapy of panic disorder: 8-week randomized trial with clonazepam and paroxetine
The objective of the present randomized, open-label, naturalistic 8-week study was to compare the efficacy and safety of treat- ment with clonazepam (N = 63) and paroxetine (N = 57) in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Efficacy assessment included number of panic attacks and clinician ratings of the global severity of panic disorders with the clinical global impression (CGI) improvement (CGI-I) and CGI severity (CGI-S) scales. Most patients were females (69.8 and 68.4% in the clonazepam and paroxetine groups, respectively) and age (mean ± SD) was 35.9 ± 9.6 years for the clonazepam group and 33.7 ± 8.8 years for the paroxetine group. Treatment with clonazepam versus paroxetine resulted in fewer weekly panic attacks at week 4 (0.1 vs 0.5, respectively; P < 0.01), and greater clinical improvements at week 8 (CGI-I: 1.6 vs 2.9; P = 0.04). Anxiety severity was significantly reduced with clonazepam versus paroxetine at weeks 1 and 2, with no difference in panic disorder severity. Patients treated with clonazepam had fewer adverse events than patients treated with paroxetine (73 vs 95%; P = 0.001). The most common adverse events were drowsiness/fatigue (57%), memory/concentration difficulties (24%), and sexual dysfunction (11%) in the clonazepam group and drowsiness/fatigue (81%), sexual dysfunction (70%), and nausea/vomiting (61%) in the paroxetine group. This naturalistic study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam and paroxetine in the acute treatment of patients with panic disorder
Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection
Unicellular eukaryotes of the genus Leishmania are collectively responsible for a heterogeneous group of diseases known as leishmaniasis. The visceral form of leishmaniasis, caused by L. donovani or L. infantum, is a devastating condition, claiming 20,000 to 40,000 lives annually, with particular incidence in some of the poorest regions of the world. Immunity to Leishmania depends on the development of protective type I immune responses capable of activating infected phagocytes to kill intracellular amastigotes. However, despite the induction of protective responses, disease progresses due to a multitude of factors that impede an optimal response. These include the action of suppressive cytokines, exhaustion of specific T cells, loss of lymphoid tissue architecture and a defective humoral response. We will review how these responses are orchestrated during the course of infection, including both early and chronic stages, focusing on the spleen and the liver, which are the main target organs of visceral Leishmania in the host. A comprehensive understanding of the immune events that occur during visceral Leishmania infection is crucial for the implementation of immunotherapeutic approaches that complement the current anti-Leishmania chemotherapy and the development of effective vaccines to prevent disease.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No.602773 (Project KINDRED). VR is supported by a post-doctoral fellowship granted by the KINDReD consortium. RS thanks the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for an Investigator Grant (IF/00021/2014). This work was supported by grants to JE from ANR (LEISH-APO, France), Partenariat Hubert Curien (PHC) (program Volubilis, MA/11/262). JE acknowledges the support of the Canada Research Chair Program
Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt
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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I frequencies in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected patients from Salvador-Brazil
Chemical contamination assessment in mangrove-lined Caribbean coastal systems using the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae as biomonitor species
This paper aims to contribute to the use of mangrove
cupped oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae, as a biomonitor
species for chemical contamination assessment in
mangrove-lined Caribbean coastal systems. Sampling was
carried out in eight localities (three in Nicaragua and five in
Colombia) with different types and levels of contamination.
Oysters were collected during the rainy and dry seasons of
2012–2013 and the tissue concentrations of metals, polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and persistent organic pollutants
(POPs) were determined. Low tissue concentrations of
metals (except Hg) and PAHs; moderate-to-high tissue concentrations
of Hg, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and
dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs); detectable levels
of chlorpyrifos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (mainly
CB28, CB118, CB138 and CB 153) and brominated diphenyl
ethers 85 (BDE85); and negligible levels of musks were recorded
in Nicaraguan oysters. A distinct profile of POPs was
identified in Colombia, where the tissue concentrations of
PCBs and synthetic musk fragrances were low to moderate,
and Ag, As, Cd, Pb, and PAHs ranged from moderate to extremely
high. Overall, the values recorded for HCHs, DDTs
and PCBs in Nicaraguan mangrove cupped oysters greatly
exceeded the reference values in tissues of C. rhizophorae
from the Wider Caribbean Region, whereas only the levels
of PCBs were occasionally surpassed in Colombia. Different
contaminant profiles were distinguished between oysters from
Nicaragua and Colombia in radar plots constructed using the
main groups of contaminants (metals, PAHs, musks, PCBs,
and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)). Likewise, integrated
pollution indices revealed differences in the levels of contaminants.
Moreover, the profiles and levels in oyster tissues also
varied with season. Thus, principal component analysis clearly
discriminated Nicaraguan and Colombian localities and, especially
in Colombia, seasonal trends in chemical contamination
and differences amongst localities were evidenced. The geographical
and environmental disparity of the studied scenarios
may represent to a large extent the diversity of mangrove-lined
Caribbean coastal systems and therefore the present results
support the use of C. rhizophorae as suitable biomonitor species
at Caribbean regional scale, where seasonal variability
is a major factor controlling pollutant mobility and
bioavailability