Pierwotny śródczaszkowy bazaloidalny rak płaskonabłonkowy

Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma is extremely rare, with most cases arising from malignant transformation of dysembryogenetic lesions such as epidermoid and dermoid cysts. Intracranial squamous cell neoplasm arising de novo is even rarer and has been reported in only four patients to date. We herein describe a case of primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma arising de novo in the right frontal lobe in a 35-year-old woman treated with a combination of surgery and postoperative conformal radiation. We have also shed light on the biology and the therapeutic options of this enigmatic tumour.Pierwotny śródczaszkowy rak płaskonabłonkowy jest wyjątkową rzadkością i w większości przypadków rozwija się w wyniku zezłośliwienia zmian o charakterze dysembriogenetycznym, np. torbieli naskórkowej lub skórzastej. Śródczaszkowy rak płaskonabłonkowy powstały de novo jest jeszcze rzadszy – dotąd opisano 4 takie przypadki. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przypadek nowotworu powstałego de novo w prawym płacie czołowym u 35-letniej chorej, którą z tego powodu poddano leczeniu chirurgicznemu i pooperacyjnej radioterapii konformalnej. Podano również informacje na temat biologii i możliwości leczenia tego zagadkowego guza

Evaluation of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum phenolic ethereal oils for In-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities

Aim: The present study is aimed to evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of phenolic ethereal oils like Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Materials and methods: A total of 500 g of fresh leaves and dried flower buds of Tulsi and Clove were subjected to hydro-distillation method for 6 h using Clevenger’s apparatus. The isolated ethereal oils were used for testing the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µl/ml and anti-bacterial activity against two gram positive microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative microorganisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) at concentrations 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml by adopting cup plate method. Results:  The isolated ethereal oils exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect and also inhibited the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms at 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml concentrations. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the effectiveness of Phenolic ethereal oils isolated from Clove and Tulsi. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity compared to Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum). The present study provides evidence that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum; Phenolic ethereal oils contain medicinally important bioactive components justifying its traditional use. Keywords: Phenolic ethereal oils, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, Ociumm tenuiflorum, Syzygium aromaticum

Identification and Characterization of Genetic Determinants of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southern India

Abstract: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, arises mainly from spontaneous mutations in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms by which the mutations confer resistance in order to identify new drug targets and to design new drugs. Previous studies have reported numerous mutations that confer resistance to anti-TB drugs, but there has been little systematic analysis to understand their genetic background and the potential impacts on the drug target stability and/or interactions. Here, we report the analysis of whole-genome sequence data for 98 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates from a city in southern India. The collection was screened for phenotypic resistance and sequenced to mine the genetic mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. The most frequent mutation among isoniazid and rifampicin isolates was S315T in katG and S450L in rpoB respectively. The impacts of mutations on protein stability, protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand interactions were analysed using both statistical and machine-learning approaches. Drug-resistant mutations were predicted not only to target active sites in an orthosteric manner, but also to act through allosteric mechanisms arising from distant sites, sometimes at the protein-protein interface

Genome Sequencing of Polydrug-, Multidrug-, and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains from South India.

The genomes of 16 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to identify mutations related to resistance to one or more anti-Mycobacterium drugs. The sequence data will help in understanding the genomic characteristics of M. tuberculosis isolates and their resistance mutations prevalent in South India.This publication presents research supported by the MRC-DBT-funded partnership between the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India (Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 5/2-8/LDCE/2014 for S.K., Department of Biotechnology [BT/IN/DBT-MRC (UK)/12/SS/2015-2016] for D.N., M.N., S.P.T., S.S., and U.D.R.) and the University of Cambridge (UK Medical Research Council [MR/N501864/1] for N.K. and S.P.)

Influence of electronic, steric and stacking interactions in ternary Ni(n) and Cu(II) complexes containing 2,2 ',2"-terpyridine and aseries of amino acids

785-788Formation constants for ternary complexes MLA, where M=Cu(II) or Ni(II), L=2,2',2"-terpyridine (terpy) and A=alanine (ala), phenylalanine (phe), tyrosine (tyr), tryptophan (trypt), threonine (thr), methionine (met) or histidine (hist) have been determined pH-metrically in aqueous solutions at 35.0°C and μ = 0.2 M (KNO3). The ability of the various amino acids to bind the binary (M(II)-terpy)) complex relative to the aquo metal ion has been quantitatively assessed in terms of the parameter log K. With respect to the metal ion, Cu(II) ternary complexes have been found to be substantially unstable relative to the corresponding Ni(II) complexes. In ternary Ni(II) complexes amino acids without an aromatic side chain form stable complexes due to Ni(II) → terpy π-interaction, whereas amino acids with an aromatic side chain form still more stable complexes due to similar n-interactions and also metal ion mediated stacking interactions. The intramolecular equilibrium between the stacked and unstacked isomers and the percentage of the stacked isomer have been quantified in terms of the parameters K1 and (% MLA)st, respectively

Studies on biologically relevant ternary metal complexes: Part VI-Stability of ternary Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes involving aminopolycarboxylic acids and amino acids

256-259Ternary metal complexes of the type MLA, where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II); L= iminodiacetic acid (IMDA) or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and A = glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, norleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, methionine, aspartic acid, ethylenediamine or pyrocatechol have been investigated potentiometrically at 35°C and μ = 0.2 M (KNO3). The stabilities of the ternary complexes have been quantitatively compared with the stabilities of the corresponding binary metal complexes (MA) determined under identical experimental conditions. Ternary complexes containing IMDA are found to be more stable than the corresponding complexes containing NTA. With respect to ligand L, the stability of ternary complexes increases in the order: pyrocatechol (-O - O- donor) - donor) < ethylenediamine (N - N donor). Cu(II) ternary complexes are found to be less stable than the corresponding Co(II), Ni(II) or Zn(II) complexes. Ternary Cu(II) complexes containing bis(irnidazol-2-yl)methane are more stable than the corresponding complexes containing IMDA or NTA. Various factors leading to differences in the relative stabilities of the ternary complexes are discussed

A simple, efficient and regioselective oxychlorination of aromatic compounds using ammonium chloride and oxone^®†

1335-1338A simple, efficient, mild and regioselective method for oxychlorination of aromatic compounds is reported. The electrophilic substitution of chlorine generated in situ from NH4Cl as a chlorine source and oxone® as an oxidant is reported for the first time