212 research outputs found
2D granular flows with the rheology and side walls friction: a well balanced multilayer discretization
We present here numerical modelling of granular flows with the
rheology in confined channels. The contribution is twofold: (i) a model to
approximate the Navier-Stokes equations with the rheology through an
asymptotic analysis. Under the hypothesis of a one-dimensional flow, this model
takes into account side walls friction; (ii) a multilayer discretization
following Fern\'andez-Nieto et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 798, 2016, pp.
643-681). In this new numerical scheme, we propose an appropriate treatment of
the rheological terms through a hydrostatic reconstruction which allows this
scheme to be well-balanced and therefore to deal with dry areas. Based on
academic tests, we first evaluate the influence of the width of the channel on
the normal profiles of the downslope velocity thanks to the multilayer approach
that is intrinsically able to describe changes from Bagnold to S-shaped (and
vice versa) velocity profiles. We also check the well balance property of the
proposed numerical scheme. We show that approximating side walls friction using
single-layer models may lead to strong errors. Secondly, we compare the
numerical results with experimental data on granular collapses. We show that
the proposed scheme allows us to qualitatively reproduce the deposit in the
case of a rigid bed (i. e. dry area) and that the error made by replacing the
dry area by a small layer of material may be large if this layer is not thin
enough. The proposed model is also able to reproduce the time evolution of the
free surface and of the flow/no-flow interface. In addition, it reproduces the
effect of erosion for granular flows over initially static material lying on
the bed. This is possible when using a variable friction coefficient
but not with a constant friction coefficient
Deficiencia visual en el niño
La visión suministra una perspectiva global, simultánea y anticipadora
del entorno. Un déficit severo de visión constituye
un obstáculo para el adecuado desarrollo cognitivo y
social del niño. La respuesta educativa a las necesidades
prioritarias que la deficiencia visual genera, requiere una
adecuada formación por parte de los profesionales: Para
ello, es preciso que adquieran los conocimientos básicos relativos
a la clasificación y el diagnóstico de la deficiencia
visual, los aspectos esenciales del desarrollo y los fundamentos
de la intervención educativa. El objetivo del presente
trabajo es analizar las principales caracterÃsticas de
la deficiencia visual en los niños, y el impacto que dicha deficiencia
tiene en el desarrollo y en el aprendizaje
Formal deduction of the Saint-Venant-Exner model including arbitrarily sloping sediment beds and associated energy
In this work we present a deduction of the Saint-Venant-Exner model through
an asymptotic analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations. A multi-scale analysis
is performed in order to take into account that the velocity of the sediment
layer is smaller than the one of the fluid layer. This leads us to consider a
shallow water type system for the fluid layer and a lubrication Reynolds
equation for the sediment one. This deduction provides some improvements with
respect to the classical Saint-Venant-Exner model: (i) the deduced model has an
associated energy. Moreover, it allows us to explain why classical models do
not have an associated energy and how to modify them in order to recover a
model with this property. (ii) The model incorporates naturally a necessary
modification that must be taken into account in order to be applied to
arbitrarily sloping beds. Furthermore, we show that this modification is
different of the ones considered classically, and that it coincides with a
classical one only if the solution has a constant free surface. (iii) The
deduced solid transport discharge naturally depends on the thickness of the
moving sediment layer, what allows to ensure sediment mass conservation.
Moreover, we include a simplified version of the model for the case of
quasi-stationary regimes. Some of these simplified models correspond to the
generalization of classical ones such as Meyer-PeterM\"uller and
Ashida-Michiue models. Three numerical tests are presented to study the
evolution of a dune for several definition of the repose angle, to see the
influence of the proposed definition of the effective shear stress in
comparison with the classical one, and by comparing with experimental data.Comment: 44 pages, sumbitted to Advances in Water Resources 17 july 201
Thermal 3D CFD Simulation with Active Transparent Façade in Buildings
In recent years active façades have acquired greater importance given their capacity to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. One such type is the so-called Active Transparent Façade (ATF). A 3D numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been generated to simulate the thermal performance of buildings equipped with this type of façade. This model is introduced for general application and allows the design parameters to be adapted for this system. The case study of Le Corbusier’s proposal for the City of Refuge in
Paris, the clearest example of previous use of an ATF is examined. In addition, a proposal is presented for the energy improvement of Le Corbusier’s original solution. In order to do so, the conditions for the supply of air into the ATF cavity and in the mechanical ventilation system are assessed to guarantee comfort conditions
Dificultades en la percatación rápida de incongruencias en el trastorno de aprendizaje procedimental: posible disfunción de la coherencia central
Procedural learning disorder, or non-verbal learning disorder,
affects the automation of perceptual motor and cognitive skills and routines.
AIM: To further our knowledge of the neurocognitive dysfunction in this disorder
and, more specifically, to analyse the difficulties experienced when going from
recognition of the constituting elements of something to an understanding of the
whole. DEVELOPMENT: Contrasting simultaneous visual information and the swift
recognition of contradictions are especially difficult abilities for children
with procedural learning disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These difficulties may reflect a
central coherence dysfunction and can partly account for the deficient ability to
adapt their social behaviour displayed by these childre
Thermal 3D CFD Simulation with Active Transparent Façade in Buildings
In recent years active façades have acquired greater importance given their capacity to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. One such type is the so-called Active Transparent Façade (ATF). A 3D numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been generated to simulate the thermal performance of buildings equipped with this type of façade. This model is introduced for general application and allows the design parameters to be adapted for this system. The case study of Le Corbusier’s proposal for the City of Refuge in
Paris, the clearest example of previous use of an ATF is examined. In addition, a proposal is presented for the energy improvement of Le Corbusier’s original solution. In order to do so, the conditions for the supply of air into the ATF cavity and in the mechanical ventilation system are assessed to guarantee comfort conditions
Detección y estudios especÃficos en el trastorno de aprendizaje procesal
The main disabilities in non-verbal learning disorder (NLD) are:
the acquisition and automating of motor and cognitive processes, visual spatial
integration, motor coordination, executive functions, difficulty in comprehension
of the context, and social skills. AIMS. To review the research to date on NLD,
and to discuss whether the term 'procedural learning disorder' (PLD) would be
more suitable to refer to NLD. DEVELOPMENT: A considerable amount of research
suggests a neurological correlate of PLD with dysfunctions in the 'posterior'
attention system, or the right hemisphere, or the cerebellum. Even if it is said
to be difficult the delimitation between NLD and other disorders or syndromes
like Asperger syndrome, certain characteristics contribute to differential
diagnosis. Intervention strategies for the PLD must lead to the development of
motor automatisms and problem solving strategies, including social skills.
CONCLUSIONS: The basic dysfunction in NLD affects to implicit learning of
routines, automating of motor skills and cognitive strategies that spare
conscious resources in daily behaviours. These limitations are partly due to a
dysfunction in non-declarative procedural memory. Various dimensions of language
are also involved: context comprehension, processing of the spatial and emotional
indicators of verbal language, language inferences, prosody, organization of the
inner speech, use of language and non-verbal communication; this is why the
diagnostic label 'PLD' would be more appropriate, avoiding the euphemistic
adjective 'non-verbal'
El sistema ejecutivo y las lesiones frontales en el niño
Frontal lobe syndrome in adulthood is characterised
by executive function deficits leading to altered behavioural control with
difficulties in social interactions and in maintaining stable jobs and
interpersonal relationships. Generalisation of this concept to children with
early frontal lobe damage is not straightforward. There are complex interactions
between the effects of the lesion itself and the effects in other interconnected
regions, timing of lesion, how long it was since the lesion occurred to the time
of evaluation, and how old the child is at examination. These facts lead to
consider that there might be a number of 'frontal syndromes' in childhood rather
than a unique one. We report 9 cases of children with early frontal lobe lesions
who were followed up for an average of 10 years. CONCLUSION: A variety of
different outcomes suggests that prognosis for these patients might be better
that previously reported
El sÃndrome de Rett como patologÃa de la hodogénesis
En los últimos cinco años se viene adoptando la concepción del sÃndrome de Rett como un peculiar trastorno del neurodesarrollo posmigracional que impide la correcta formación de las interconexiones dendrÃticas en estructuras corticales y subcorticales. Se comenta aquà la particular patocronÃa de las formas clásicas y los datos más recientes de investigación neurobiológica y genética que sugieren posibles explicaciones, a confirmar en el futuro, acerca de la naturaleza y el origen de este sÃndrome
FenomenologÃa depresiva al inicio de enfermedades neuropediátricas
Introducción. La depresión, en sus diversas formas, afecta al 8-10% de niños y adolescentes y en la mayor parte de casos su origen es primario, siguiendo el modelo genético multifactorial. Pero hay una proporción de pacientes, no bien cuantificada todavÃa, en la que la depresión acompaña precozmente una enfermedad neurológica o marca un punto de inflexión en el curso de ésta. El objetivo es revisar la bibliografÃa al respecto.
Desarrollo. Se observa fenomenologÃa depresiva, con una frecuencia significativamente mayor que por azar, en niños y
adolescentes afectos de epilepsia, trastornos del sueño, cefaleas primarias crónicas recurrentes, enfermedades neurome-
tabólicas y tumores intracraneales. En varias de estas patologÃas neuropediátricas se hipotetizan puntos de coincidencia
fisiopatológica con la depresión a través de un déficit de disponibilidad cerebral de serotonina y noradrenalina. No se
considera aquà la depresión disadaptativa a una neurodiscapacidad crónica.
Conclusiones. En niños y adolescentes, los trastornos del ánimo sintomáticos de enfermedad neurológica deben sospechar-
se en ausencia de antecedentes familiares o de experiencias vitales que los expliquen. La búsqueda sistemática de anoma-
lÃas neurológicas y los exámenes complementarios permitirÃan en estos casos abordar precozmente el tratamiento de la
enfermedad cerebral causante del cuadro depresivo. A su vez, como ocurre en casos de epilepsia, cefaleas o trastorno del
sueño, la terapia farmacológica y psicológica del cuadro depresivo contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de los afectados
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