Prospective study comparing between plate osteosynthesis and antegrade interlocking nailing its functional and radiological outcome in treating humeral shaft fractures

Humeral shaft fractures are common injuries making upto 1-3% of all fractures. They are widely treated by conservative methods leading to higher rates of non-union. Henceforth surgeons tend to perform operative procedures to treat them. To statistically analyse and compare the functional and radiological outcome of two treatment modalities of humeral shaft fractures, they are plate osteosyntheis and antegrade intramedullary nailing. A total of 22 patients of humeral shaft fractures were operated by either of two methods 12 in plating (P) group ,10 in nailing (N) group and their radiological outcome was assessed by rate of union, time taken for callus formation etc and their Functional outcome was analysed based on Rodriguez Merchan criteria. The commonest age group of patients operated is 21-40 years (70%) majority being males (70%) and road traffic accident being commonest mode of injury. The plate osteosynthesis group stands superior than nailing group in terms of duration of union (20 weeks), rate, percentage of union (100%), least risk of non-union (0). Statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in shoulder joint function with minimal complications. The plate osteosynthesis method is the most promising surgical procedure for treating humeral shaft fracture due to negligible rates of non-union and early recovery of motion. Though nailing group has minimal need of soft tissue dissection, preserves fracture biology, decreased operative time and early rehabilitation period it still stands inferior when it comes to complications like rotator cuff injury, shoulder impingement pain and restriction of shoulder movements. Ultimately the post operative quality of life is equally good in both techniques

Reliability and assessment of partial or complete anterior cruciate ligament injuries with diagnostic arthroscopy

Background: Partial tears of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were more commonly identified in young group with knee twisting. Partial tears are characterized by tear involvement of less than 50% of the ligament is torn. The arthroscopic evaluation is considered as gold standard in diagnostic evaluation. The comparison of findings between partial and complete tears in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy helps in finding out reliability of diagnostic modalities and consider the surgeon to establish the plan of treatment. Methods: 2-year prospective study at the department of orthopedics, RRMCH, Bangalore, India. 40 consecutive patients with suspicion of cruciate injuries of knee were selected for the study from July 2018 to May 2021. The MR imaging of knee in selected cases were performed and the findings were obtained.  The descriptive statistical analysis was prepared which includes spectrum of MRI findings in cruciate injuries of knee that were correlated with arthroscopy findings in determining the accuracy. Results: Total 40 patients, we obtained 100% sensitivity and 66.67% specificity, 93.75% accuracy of MRI with arthroscopy in diagnosing complete ACL tears. We obtained 90.91% sensitivity and 80% specificity, 87.50% accuracy of MRI with arthroscopy in diagnosing partial ACL tears. Conclusions: The partial tears can be missed or can be over diagnosed on MRI. These misinterpretations are more likely to happen due to intra-substance signal abnormality. Description of the status of ACL ligament in arthroscopy helped the orthopaedic surgeons in decision making as conservative approach in partial tears and reconstruction in a complete tear

Cumulative social risk and type 2 diabetes in US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006

Background: The cumulative effects of adverse social factors on the diabetes risk remains to be clarified. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006. Methods: We included 10,276 adults aged ≥20 years. Diabetes mellitus was defined by physician diagnosis or fasting plasma glucose (≥126 mg/dl) or glycated hemoglobin (≥6.5%). Social risk factors (low family income, low education level, minority racial/ethnic group status, and single-living status) and health-related behaviors (physical activity and dietary intake) were self-reported. Social risk factors were combined in a cumulative social risk index (range 0 to ≥3) and logistic regression used to assess the association of cumulative social risk and diabetes, taking into account complex survey design and sampling weights. Results: Of 10,276 participants, 1515 (weighted proportion – 10%) had diabetes, 3295 (32.3%) and 1830 (9.0%) were exposed to ≥1 adverse social risk factor and ≥3 social risk factors, respectively. Diabetes was associated with increasing cumulative social risk in a graded manner (p for trend <0.001). Compared with a cumulative social risk score of 0, the age- and sex-adjusted diabetes odds for a cumulative social risk score of ≥3 was 2.84 (95% confidence interval: 2.23–3.62), and 2.72 (95% confidence interval: 2.05–3.60) after further adjustment for family history of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, dietary intake and leisure time physical activity. Health behaviors and adiposity only partially influenced the cumulative social risk and diabetes relationship. Conclusions: Simultaneous exposure to several adverse social risk factors significantly influences the odds of diabetes. Better prevention and control of diabetes needs accounting for all aspects of social disadvantage

Functional Outcome of Preoperative Exercises on Range of Movements Following TKA: A Prospective Comparative Study

Background. The range of motion prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a key determinant of the postoperative range of motion. The chance that the accompanying stiffness of the extensor mechanism may lead to limited flexion following surgery increases with how restricted the preoperative range of motion was. It would make sense to enhance knee ROM before surgery in order to optimize flexion following TKA. Final flexion following TKA is affected by a number of factors, although preoperative range of motion is the most important. The aim of the study to evaluate the functional performance and efficacy of the preoperative exercise programme on the osteoarthritic knee during the exercise period, following arthroplasty, during immediate postoperative recovery, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Methods. For the study, 156 patients with knee arthritis were collected over a period of one and a half years. In this prospective study, they were divided into a treatment group and a control group. Preoperative knee exercise was given to 78 patients for at least one month. Prior to and following the treatment groups workouts, all patients were observed. The time in days before reaching 90 of knee flexion and the length of the hospital stay were the data that were gathered. At 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, each subject had their knee ROM and KSS reevaluated. Results. Knee workouts were unquestionably helpful in achieving early knee flexion up to 90 in comparison to that of the control group. When the treatment group was compared to the control group, knee flexion to about 90 and more was attained in about 4 weeks; this difference was statistically significant (p0.01). However, there were no appreciable variations in the knee range of motion achieved on long-term follow-up for 6 months and a year. Conclusion. In conclusion, prehabilitation significantly improves the KSS for the treatment group both before surgery and three months after surgery. Exercises done before to surgery help patients recover more quickly from TKA and may speed up the process of achieving a good flexion and extension range of motion. However there is no significant difference in functional outcome after one year post surgery in both groups

Gene Expression during the Generation and Activation of Mouse Neutrophils: Implication of Novel Functional and Regulatory Pathways

As part of the Immunological Genome Project (ImmGen), gene expression was determined in unstimulated (circulating) mouse neutrophils and three populations of neutrophils activated in vivo, with comparison among these populations and to other leukocytes. Activation conditions included serum-transfer arthritis (mediated by immune complexes), thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, and uric acid-induced peritonitis. Neutrophils expressed fewer genes than any other leukocyte population studied in ImmGen, and down-regulation of genes related to translation was particularly striking. However, genes with expression relatively specific to neutrophils were also identified, particularly three genes of unknown function: Stfa2l1, Mrgpr2a and Mrgpr2b. Comparison of genes up-regulated in activated neutrophils led to several novel findings: increased expression of genes related to synthesis and use of glutathione and of genes related to uptake and metabolism of modified lipoproteins, particularly in neutrophils elicited by thioglycollate; increased expression of genes for transcription factors in the Nr4a family, only in neutrophils elicited by serum-transfer arthritis; and increased expression of genes important in synthesis of prostaglandins and response to leukotrienes, particularly in neutrophils elicited by uric acid. Up-regulation of genes related to apoptosis, response to microbial products, NFkB family members and their regulators, and MHC class II expression was also seen, in agreement with previous studies. A regulatory model developed from the ImmGen data was used to infer regulatory genes involved in the changes in gene expression during neutrophil activation. Among 64, mostly novel, regulatory genes predicted to influence these changes in gene expression, Irf5 was shown to be important for optimal secretion of IL-10, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNF-α by mouse neutrophils in vitro after stimulation through TLR9. This data-set and its analysis using the ImmGen regulatory model provide a basis for additional hypothesis-based research on the importance of changes in gene expression in neutrophils in different conditions

<smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"> Nucleic acid probe based technique for detection of cotton leaf curl virus in India </smarttagtype></smarttagtype>

133-135Cotton leaf curl disease, caused by a geminivirus, has been detected using viral nucleic acid based hybridization tests in infected hosts and weeds. Cotton leaf curl was transmitted by whitefly, Bemisia tabaci to Gossypium hirsutum varieties, which showed typical symptoms of the disease. Hybridization with [ -32P] dCTP radiolabelled CLCuV-DNA-A probe, detection of viral nucleic acids in different cotton cultivars viz., HS-6, H-1098, F-846, H-777, H-182, LH-1556 and RST-9 grown under glasshouse conditions, samples collected from Hisar, Sirsa and Dabwali and six weed hosts was carried out. Nucleic acid based tests could therefore be useful in screening of cotton germplasm in cotton breeding programme to detect minor infections

Rapid Prediction of Microbial Load on Intact Mango Surface Using Spectroscopy

Agriculture industries are continuously in search of new user friendly techniques for evaluating overall quality(microbial and biochemical) of fruits as per quarantine requirements. In the current study, the potential of visibleand near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 299-1100 nm and 900-1700 nm was evaluatedto determine total microbial population on the surface of seven major cultivars of mangoes collected from fourstates of India. NIR models were developed based on multiple-linear regression (MLR) and partial least square(PLS) regression employing pre-processing technologies (baseline correction, smoothening, multiplicative scattercorrection (MSC) and second-order derivatives). Wavelength range of 299-1100 nm was found to be more suitablefor determination of microbial load on the mango surface as compared to wavelength range of 900-1700 nm.PLS models were found to be the best with multiple correlation coefficients of 0.66 and 0.56, for calibration andvalidation, respectively, in the wavelength range 504.80-533.17 nm. The standard errors of calibration, predictionand differences in them were low, which demonstrated the potential of NIRS to predict microbial load on the surfaceof mango non-destructively in the wavelength range of 504.806-533.176 nm