PEMANFAATAN ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI FLAVONOL UNTUK MENCEGAH PROSES KETENGIKAN MINYAK KELAPA

ABSPRACT The rancidity that leads the quality decreasing of palm oil can be happened during the storing. This unfavorable process can' be controlled by using the antioxidant. In this research the skin of red onion containing flavonol was being used as the natural antioxidant to prevent the rancidity of the palm oil. The first step is extracting the flavonol from the skin of red onion by using water as the dissolvent for 1 — 2,5 hours. The extract was mixed into the palm oil on the concentration range of 3 — 11 %. The next step is heated on the humid temperature to mix o accelerate the rancidity. The mix of palm oil and red onion skin was being stored for 1 — 4 peroxide. This The research result was detected by the level of oil pero. his number was showing the level of deterioration of the fat or oil indicating that there was rancidity. The best result was on I1 % extracting concentration of the red .onion skin, 1,5 hours extracting time, 4 days storing time of the palm oil and peroxide level of 0, 6144 (SH — 92 =1 mg 0/100 g). Key word : Peroxide Ievel rancidity, antioxidant, skin of red onion

PEMANFAATAN ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI FLAVONOL UNTUK MENCEGAH PROSES KETENGIKAN MINYAK KELAPA

The rancidity that leads the quality decreasing of palm oil can be happened during the storing. This unfavorable process can be controlled by using the antioxidant. In this research the skin of red onion containing flavonol was being used as the natural antioxidant to prevent the rancidity of the palm oil. The first step is  extracting the flavonol from the skin of red onion by using water as the dissolvent for 1 – 2,5 hours. The extract was mixed into the palm oil on the  concentration  range  of  3 – 11  %.  The  next  step  is  heated  on  the  humid  temperature  to accelerate  the  rancidity.  The  mix  of  palm  oil  and  red  onion  skin  was  being  stored  for  1 – 4 days. The research result was detected by the level of oil peroxide. This number was showing the  level  of  deterioration  of  the  fat  or  oil  indicating  that  there  was  rancidity.  The  best  result was on 11 % extracting concentration of the red onion skin, 1,5 hours extracting time, 4 days storing time of the palm oil and peroxide level of 0,6144 ( SH – 92 = 1 mg O/100 g ).   _____________________________________________________________________Key word : Peroxide level, rancidity, antioxidant, skin of red onion

Insights into the defensive roles of lncRNAs during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes respiratory tract infections, affecting both children and adults, with varying degrees of severity ranging from mild to life-threatening. In recent years, a new class of regulatory RNAs called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been discovered to play crucial roles in regulating gene expression in the host. Research on lncRNAs has greatly expanded our understanding of cellular functions involving RNAs, and it has significantly increased the range of functions of lncRNAs. In lung cancer, transcripts associated with lncRNAs have been identified as regulators of airway and lung inflammation in a process involving protein complexes. An excessive immune response and antibacterial immunity are closely linked to the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae. The relationship between lncRNAs and M. pneumoniae infection largely involves lncRNAs that participate in antibacterial immunity. This comprehensive review aimed to examine the dysregulation of lncRNAs during M. pneumoniae infection, highlighting the latest advancements in our understanding of the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in the context of M. pneumoniae infection and indicating avenues for investigating lncRNAs-related therapeutic targets

Root vacuolar Na+ sequestration but not exclusion from uptake correlates with barley salt tolerance.

SummarySoil salinity is a major constraint for the global agricultural production. For many decades, Na+ exclusion from uptake has been the key trait targeted in breeding programs; yet, no major breakthrough in creating salt‐tolerant germplasm was achieved. In this work, we have combined the microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE) technique for non‐invasive ion flux measurements with confocal fluorescence dye imaging technique to screen 45 accessions of barley to reveal the relative contribution of Na+ exclusion from the cytosol to the apoplast and its vacuolar sequestration in the root apex, for the overall salinity stress tolerance. We show that Na+/H+ antiporter‐mediated Na+ extrusion from the root plays a minor role in the overall salt tolerance in barley. At the same time, a strong and positive correlation was found between root vacuolar Na+ sequestration ability and the overall salt tolerance. The inability of salt‐sensitive genotypes to sequester Na+ in root vacuoles was in contrast to significantly higher expression levels of both HvNHX1 tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporters and HvVP1 H+‐pumps compared with tolerant genotypes. These data are interpreted as a failure of sensitive varieties to prevent Na+ back‐leak into the cytosol and existence of a futile Na+ cycle at the tonoplast. Taken together, our results demonstrated that root vacuolar Na+ sequestration but not exclusion from uptake played the main role in barley salinity tolerance, and suggested that the focus of the breeding programs should be shifted from targeting genes mediating Na+ exclusion from uptake by roots to more efficient root vacuolar Na+ sequestration

Observation of sixfold degenerate fermions in PdSb2_2

Three types of fermions have been extensively studied in topological quantum materials: Dirac, Weyl, and Majorana fermions. Beyond the fundamental fermions in high energy physics, exotic fermions are allowed in condensed matter systems residing in three-, six- or eightfold degenerate band crossings. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly visualize three-doubly-degenerate bands in PdSb$_2$. The ultrahigh energy resolution we are able to achieve allows for the confirmation of all the sixfold degenerate bands at the R point, in remarkable consistency with first-principles calculations. Moreover, we find that this sixfold degenerate crossing has quadratic dispersion as predicted by theory. Finally, we compare sixfold degenerate fermions with previously confirmed fermions to demonstrate the importance of this work: our study indicates a topological fermion beyond the constraints of high energy physics

Discovery of topological chiral crystals with helicoid arc states

The quantum behaviour of electrons in materials lays the foundation for modern electronic and information technology. Quantum materials with novel electronic and optical properties have been proposed as the next frontier, but much remains to be discovered to actualize the promise. Here we report the first observation of topological quantum properties of chiral crystals in the RhSi family. We demonsrate that this material hosts novel phase of matter exhibiting nearly ideal topological surface properties that emerge as a consequence of the crystals' structural chirality or handedness. We also demonstrate that the electrons on the surface of this crystal show a highly unusual helicoid structure that spirals around two high-symmetry momenta signalling its topological electronic chirality. Such helicoid Fermi arcs on the surface experimentally characterize the topological charges of $\pm{2}$, which arise from the bulk chiral fermions. The existence of bulk high-fold degenerate fermions are guaranteed by the crystal symmetries, however, in order to determine the topological charge in the chiral crystals it is essential to identify and study the helical arc states. Remarkably, these topological conductors we discovered exhibit helical Fermi arcs which are of length $\pi$, stretching across the entire Brillouin zone and orders of magnitude larger than those found in all known Weyl semimetals. Our results demonstrate novel electronic topological state of matter on a structurally chiral crystal featuring helicoid Fermi arc surface states. The exotic electronic chiral fermion state realised in these materials can be used to detect a quantised photogalvanic optical response or the chiral magnetic effect and its optical version in future devices as described by G. Chang \textit{et.al.,} `Topological quantum properties of chiral crystals' Nature Mat. 17, 978-985 (2018).Comment: 28 pages, 12 figure