The Conflicts of the Orang Rimba and the Jambi Malay Community: Reality and Resolutions

Since the New Order, the lands and forests of the Orang Rimba have been used as locations for the transmigration program and HPH and HP-HTI projects, resulting in the livelihoods of the Orang Rimba being destroyed and triggering conflicts. This paper discusses the recurring and endless conflicts between the Orang Rimba and the Jambi Malay community. The enmity is the impact of deforestation and the transmigration program. The values of the Orang Rimba’s customary law and their religious beliefs have been eroded, forcing them to claim lands and forests as well as their products being for all. From this problem, it is believed that to obtain in-depth data, the main sources of this article are from field observations, intensive interviews, published journals, previous research reports, and print and online media reports relating to the conflicts involving the Orang Rimba. Keywords: Orang Rimba; conflicts; lands and forest

Епоха "пост": людина в перспективі "нової духовності"

Розглянуто основні проблеми сучасного суспільства, пов’язані із антропологічною кризою, кардинальними змінами у темпоральності, способі буття людини. Проаналізовано ситуацію заміни попередніх гуманістичних ціннісних систем на більш “технізовані”, що призводить до виникнення нового типу людини – “постлюдини”. Посилюється вплив на людей “світу віртуальної реальності”. Нове штучне середовище “сканує”, приймає лише інформаційний аспект людини, вводячи її як цілісну істоту в стан кризи. Доведено актуальність відповідей на смислові запитання епохи, пов’язані із світоглядом, духовністю та цінностями.The main problems of modern society, related to the anthropological crisis, fundamental changes in temporality, ways of human being are considered. There is an analysis of situation of replacing the previous humanistic value systems on a more “technicized”, which causes a new type of man – “posthuman”. The impact on “the world of virtual reality” people is growing. New artifi cial environment “scans”, takes only informational aspect of human, introducing it as complete being in a state of crisis. The urgency of responses to semantic question of the epoch, related to the outlook, spirituality and values is justifi ed

LE DEFICIT IMMUNITAIRE COMMUN VARIABLE (A PROPOS DE 6 CAS)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a constitutional deficit in the antibody. It can be of transmission recessive, dominating or related to X. The CVID is the only being able to appear at the adulthood. The fundamental cause of this disorder remains unknown. The disease is characterized by the heterogeneity of the clinical picture and the immunological characteristic Our study’s goal is to present un discuss 6 cases of CVID hospitalized at the clinical Immunology Unit, of the Pediatry I department in the child hospital of Casablanca, between March 1998 and March 2004. The mean age at the first clinical symptoms is 11 years. Our six patients, suffered from recurrent pneumonias, the recurrent sinusitis, the chronic diarrhea with failure to thrive and granulomatous disease. They all had a hypogammaglobulinemia, the taking in charge consisted in an infections episode treatment as well as a nutrition rehabilitation with intravenous immunoglobulin antibiotic prophylaxis and a respiratory kinesitherapy. Our set was characterized by the severity of the clinical phenotype, especially by the therapeutic means insufficiency, and the delay of the diagnostic. A considerable effort should be achieved in order to make doctors more sensitive, tools of diagnosis and the hold in charge.Le déficit immunitaire commun variable (DICV) est un déficit primitif en anticorps, de transmission récessive, dominante ou liée à l’X, et qui peut se révéler à l’âge adulte. Son mécanisme moléculaire est encore inconnu. Le diagnostic est caractérisé par une hétérogénéité du tableau clinique et immunologique. L’objectif de notre travail est de présenter et discuter 6 cas de DICV, hospitalisés à l’unité d’immunologie clinique de la Pédiatrie I à l’hôpital d’Enfants de Casablanca, sur 6 ans (1998 – 2004). L’âge moyen de début des symptômes est de 11 ans. Nos 6 malades avaient présenté des broncho-pneumopathies à répétitions, des infections ORL, des diarrhées chroniques avec retentissement staturo-pondéral, et un cas de sarcoïdose. Ils avaient présenté tous une hypogammaglobulinémie globale. La prise en charge a consisté en un traitement des épisodes infectieux, une perfusion des immunoglobulines, une antibioprophylaxie et une kinésithérapie respiratoire. Le tableau clinique de nos malades reste sévère du fait du retard du diagnostic et de l’insuffisance des moyens thérapeutiques ; c’est pourquoi un effort doit être réalisé, afin de sensibiliser les médecins, pour établir un diagnostic précoce et une prise en charge adéquate

Air pollution monitoring system in semi enclosed building for agricultural sector

This paper describes the development of an optical sensor system to monitor ammonia emission in the agricultural sector. At initial stage, an open path optical technique where a cylindrical chamber is used to detect low ammonia concentration within the Ultraviolet region. The methodology describing the operation of the sensor with wavelengths combination technique to optimize the measurement is presented. The results show the sensor is best measuring ammonia concentration at combination wavelengths (around 212 nm) with the Lower Detection Limit of 2.25 ppm and 1 s response time is achieved. Then the system is tested to monitor ammonia pollution in the cattle barn in Tipperary, Ireland. It shows that the developed system is able to detect and measure very low ammonia concentration which is less than 2 ppm

Characterization of industrial wastes as raw materials for emulsified modified bitumen (EMB) formulation

This study was conducted to characterize industrial wastes for the formulation of emulsified modified bitumen (EMB), in relation to their physical characteristics and elemental compositions. The aim was to determine which raw materials from industrial wastes could be used for EMB formulation. Bitumen is produced from crude oil extracted from the ground, which categorizes crude oil as one of the non-renewable fossil fuels. Various environmental issues that have risen in Malaysia are caused by the excessive manufacturing activities and the miss-management of industrial wastes. In an effort to mitigate these issues, industrial wastes are being used in various EMB formulations. Industrial wastes, such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and used automotive oil can be used as alternatives to formulate bitumen. Normally, a suitable emulsifier is needed to produce the final product, which is EMB. The emulsifier will yield a charge, depending on its properties, to bind the oily bitumen with water. In this current study, physical characteristic studies were performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), flash point test, density test, and moisture content test. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was also performed to determine the material’s molecular composition and structure

Exploring opportunities of adopting biophilic cities concept into mixed-use development project in malaysia

Mixed-use development project in urban area emerged to cater the increase of population in the region. Due to rapid urbanisation, many research recommended the engagement of human with nature in cities development, including the mixed-use development project since nature and human are holistically created to complement each other. This is where the United Nation (UN) under its sustainable development programme has established 17 development goals that amongst all cover both sustainable cities and communities. This shows the urgency of having cities that best fit human nature. However, although many mixed-use development projects were constructed with senses of nature, many of these projects are harmful to environment as they are unable to sustain the natural habitat as well as human needs. Hence, there are many attempts to connect human with nature in Malaysia via sustainable cities and green cities concepts although no specific guidelines on these have been established. Recently, emerged the term biophilic cities, a new concept combining sustainable and resilient cities, which are also seen as the panacea to these mixed-use development project issues despite the efforts done via the former concepts of sustainable and green cities alone. Generally, biophilic cities resemble green cities with a few enhanced greener criteria that affiliate human to nature as opposed to green and sustainable cities that merely bring nature to human. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating the elements of biophilic cities that can be adopted for mixed-use development project in Malaysia. Via systematic literature review, this paper listed the criteria of biophilic cities from previous studies, which are then used in designing the questionnaires distributed to 173 construction players in the mixed-use development projects in Malaysia. It is found that biophilic cities encompass four main criteria that are important to be adopted in mixed-use development project in Malaysia, namely "building", "block", "street" and "neighbourhood", with a total of eight design elements. As biophilic cities are closer to human needs and environment whilst able to manage the rapid urbanisation and increased world population that is meant to be tackled by the mixed-use development project, construction players should start to consider adopting the biophilic cities concept in their mixed-use development project in Malaysia

Self-Organization, Layered Structure, and Aggregation Enhance Persistence of a Synthetic Biofilm Consortium

Microbial consortia constitute a majority of the earth’s biomass, but little is known about how these cooperating communities persist despite competition among community members. Theory suggests that non-random spatial structures contribute to the persistence of mixed communities; when particular structures form, they may provide associated community members with a growth advantage over unassociated members. If true, this has implications for the rise and persistence of multi-cellular organisms. However, this theory is difficult to study because we rarely observe initial instances of non-random physical structure in natural populations. Using two engineered strains of Escherichia coli that constitute a synthetic symbiotic microbial consortium, we fortuitously observed such spatial self-organization. This consortium forms a biofilm and, after several days, adopts a defined layered structure that is associated with two unexpected, measurable growth advantages. First, the consortium cannot successfully colonize a new, downstream environment until it selforganizes in the initial environment; in other words, the structure enhances the ability of the consortium to survive environmental disruptions. Second, when the layered structure forms in downstream environments the consortium accumulates significantly more biomass than it did in the initial environment; in other words, the structure enhances the global productivity of the consortium. We also observed that the layered structure only assembles in downstream environments that are colonized by aggregates from a previous, structured community. These results demonstrate roles for self-organization and aggregation in persistence of multi-cellular communities, and also illustrate a role for the techniques of synthetic biology in elucidating fundamental biological principles

A systematic review of the safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate

BACKGROUND: Here we review the safety and tolerability profile of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), the first long-acting prodrug stimulant for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted for English-language articles published up to 16 September 2013 using the following search terms: (lisdexamfetamine OR lisdexamphetamine OR SPD489 OR Vyvanse OR Venvanse OR NRP104 NOT review [publication type]). RESULTS: In short-term, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase III trials, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in children, adolescents, and adults receiving LDX were typical for those reported for stimulants in general. Decreased appetite was reported by 25-39 % of patients and insomnia by 11-19 %. The most frequently reported TEAEs in long-term studies were similar to those reported in the short-term trials. Most TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. Literature relating to four specific safety concerns associated with stimulant medications was evaluated in detail in patients receiving LDX. Gains in weight, height, and body mass index were smaller in children and adolescents receiving LDX than in placebo controls or untreated norms. Insomnia was a frequently reported TEAE in patients with ADHD of all ages receiving LDX, although the available data indicated no overall worsening of sleep quality in adults. Post-marketing survey data suggest that the rate of non-medical use of LDX was lower than that for short-acting stimulants and lower than or equivalent to long-acting stimulant formulations. Small mean increases were seen in blood pressure and pulse rate in patients receiving LDX. CONCLUSIONS: The safety and tolerability profile of LDX in individuals with ADHD is similar to that of other stimulants