HERBAL PLANTS - A BOON FOR HEPATOTOXICITY

Liver diseases have become one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. From among, drug-induced liver injury is one ofthe most common causative factors that possess a major clinical and regulatory challenge. Herbal plants have been used traditionally by herbalistworldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. Herbal medicines have recently attracted much attention as alternative medicines usefulfor treating or preventing lifestyle related disorders and relatively very little knowledge is available about their mode of action. There has been agrowing interest in the analysis of plant products which has stimulated intense research on their potential health benefits. Allopathic drugs causetoxicity to the liver by elevating the levels of various biomarkers present in the liver. At present, no single allopathic drug is available in the market forliver damage. Only Liv.52 and silymarin are herbal medicine for this purpose, so herbal drugs have a strong potential in the treatment of liver diseases.The herbal market, in the recent times, is growing day by day and is accepted at the global level. The present review focused on different herbal plantsthat have been tested for hepatotoxicity in different animal models.Keywords: Hepatoprotective activity, Liver, Hepatotoxicity, Serum enzymes, Silymarin, Liv.52, Herbal plants

Infant Mortality in Rural Aligarh

BackgroundInfant mortality rate is regarded as an important and sensitive indicator of the health status of a community. It also reflects the living standard of the people and the effectiveness of interventions for improving maternal and child health. Multiple factors related to social and economic conditions, health care and environment have a significant role to play on childhood mortality and improving childhood mortality is a national priority. The present study was planned to 1) determine the mortality rate among neonates and infants. 2) identification of pattern of various factors in relation to infant mortality and 3) to identify the causes of death in this age group.  Method  All the deaths in children under 12 months during July 2005 to June 2006 in Jawan block of district Aligarh, India were recorded. The cause of death was ascertained using the standard verbal autopsy procedure. ResultsIn the study period, 446 live births and 37 deaths in children under one year of age were reported. The neonatal and infant mortality rates were 49.4 and 83.0 per thousand live births respectively. The main causes of infant deaths were birth asphyxia, diarrhoea, pneumonia, prematurity (including Low birth weight and malnutrition). ConclusionMost of the death among infants are preventable, though promotion of institutional deliveries, strengthening of referral system, early recognition of danger signs and periodic retraining of health worker

Prunus armeniaca (apricot) and Mucuna pruriens (Konch) seeds improves the liver damage in albino rat exposed to nicotine

Prunus armeniaca (apricot) and Mucuna pruriens (Konch) both are the plant, which are extensively used as medicine in Indian traditional system from ancients, they are considered to increase the protective mechanism against ailments. Nicotine is the main copious components in smoking of cigarette and it is primarily metabolized inside the liver. The current study was performed to explore the role of ethanolic extract of Prunus armeniaca and Mucuna pruriens seed on nicotine induced lethality in rats. Animals are divided in to seven group of with each group (n=6) number of rats. Wistar rats (Group II, III, IV, VI and VIII) were administered with oral nicotine diluted with drinking water for 32 days, While (Group I) plain control was treated with drinking water concurrently, following 32 days Group III, IV were administered with two different concentration of ethanolic extract of Prunus armeniaca seed (200 mg/kg , 400 mg/kg) and Group V and VI  received ethanoilc extract of Mucuna pruriens seed at different doses (400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg). Group II served as toxicity group (5mg/kg body weight of nicotine). Rats were sacrificed 24 hrs after last day of administration (40th day), the biochemical and histopathological parameter were studies. A significance increase in the activity of SGOT, SGPT, CRT, Total bile acid, LDL, ALP, TC, TG, TBL, DBL and decreased the activity of Albumin, TP and HDL in nicotine control group was observed. Group IV and Group VI, the ethanolic extract of Prunus armeniaca seed (400 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens seed (800 mg/kg) make the defensive effects which were found more considerable in rats. Thus the consequence was recommended that the Prunus armeniaca and Mucuna pruriens both were exert the protecting effects during nicotine induced hepatoxicity in rats. Keywords Prunus armeniaca, Mucuna pruriens, nicotine, hepatotoxicity

Self-Configurable Current-Mirror Technique for Parallel RGB Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Strings

Traditional current-mirror circuits require buck converter to deal with one fixed current load. This paper deals with improved self-adjustable current-mirror methods that can address different LED loads under different conditions with the help of one buck converter. The operating principle revolves around a dynamic and self-configurable combinational circuit of transistor and op-amp based current balancing circuit, along with their op-amp based dimming circuits. The proposed circuit guarantees uniformity in the outputs of the circuit. This scheme of current-balancing circuits omitted the need for separate power supply to control the load currents through different kinds of LEDs, i.e. RGB LEDs. The proposed methods are identical and modular, which can be scaled to any number of parallel current sources. The principle methodology has been successfully tested in Simulink environment to verify the current balancing of parallel LED strings

Students based tuberculosis prevalence survey in IFTM University Moradabad

Objective: Tuberculosis is a major problem in present timing. So, this survey based on the how much knowledge having by the students. In this present study belongs the national/ international journals of repute database, documents of Indian researcher’s publication data on tuberculosis research were used for the study. This survey given knowledge about the awareness of tuberculosis in present society. Methods: It was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study where we have interviewed total 156 students respectively. The study involved Pharmacy and Non-pharmacy students from a teaching institution located in the Moradabad city. The name of the institution is IFTM University Moradabad PS and NPS showed that the knowledge about the TB.  The data collected was analyses using graph paid prism 7& Chi square test. Results: With respect to knowledge, higher knowledge were observed among PS about TB. The results indicate the need for healthcare institutions to invest in this topic, aiming to improve students and knowledge about TB. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for healthcare institutions to invest in this topic, aiming to improve students and knowledge about TB, in view of the important role in the establishment of strategies to prevent and control the disease.     Keywords: Tuberculosis, Questionnaire, Pharmacy students, Non-pharmacy student

Protective effects of amlodipine on mitochondrial injury in ischemic reperfused rat heart Author Details

Abstract The most significant finding of the present study was the release of nitric oxide (NO). The effect of amlodipine on NO production associated with ischemic reperfused (IR) injury was investigated in rat heart model. Cardiac tissues from animal groups were processed for biochemical, histopathological and electron microscopic studies. There was a significant increase in myocardial catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) enzymes in amlodipine treated group (1.37, 10.27, 6.39) when compared to IR injured group (0.81, 6.87, 4.53). Histopathology studies showed amlodipine reduce cardiocyte damage in cardiac injury during the cardiac IR. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study confirmed the cardioprotective role of amlodipine against IR induced cardiac injury. On the basis of findings, it is hypothesized that a portion of the beneficial actions of amlodipine may involve the release or action of NO and probably by its antioxidant properties

Statistical analysis of machining parameters on burr formation, surface roughness and energy consumption during milling of aluminium alloy Al 6061-T6

Due to the increasing demand for higher production rates in the manufacturing sector, there is a need to manufacture finished or near-finished parts. Burrs and surface roughness are the two most important indicators of the surface quality of any machined parts. In addition to this, there is a constant need to reduce energy consumption during the machining operation in order to reduce the carbon footprint. Milling is one of the most extensively used cutting processes in the manufacturing industry. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness, burr width, and specific energy consumption. In the present research, the machining parameters were varied using the Taguchi L9 array design of experiments, and their influence on the response parameters, including specific cutting energy, surface finish, and burr width, was ascertained. The response trends of burr width, energy consumption, and surface roughness with respect to the input parameters were analyzed using the main effect plots. Analysis of variance indicated that the cutting speed has contribution ratios of 55% and 47.98% of the specific cutting energy and burr width on the down-milling side, respectively. On the other hand, the number of inserts was found to be the influential member, with contribution ratios of 68.74% and 35% of the surface roughness and burr width on the up-milling side. The validation of the current design of the experiments was carried out using confirmatory tests in the best and worst conditions of the output parameters.Web of Science1522art. no. 806