Fetal malnutrition and adult chronic disease

Since the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis was put forward, more than 30 studies around the world have indicated low-birth-weight (LBW) infants have a higher incidence of hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. India ranks second in incidence of LBW among South East Asian countries and is experiencing a transition of disease pattern from communicable disease to non-communicable disease. Whether this could be explained in part by LBW infants who experienced better nutrition at a later age is explored here. An earlier cohort with accurate birth weights was traced and enrolled into the study. A sample of 50 LBW and 78 normal birth weight (NBW) individuals are reported on here. Though the odds ratio (OR) estimates of risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes tended to be higher in LBWs who were better nourished at the time of the study, they were not statistically different. Similarly, OR estimates for risk factors tended to be higher in LBWs who put on more weight than the median of NBWs, but they were not significant. Logistic regressions with several variables indicated significant influence of body mass index on systolic (P<0.007) and diastolic (P<0.004) blood pressures. Since the risk associations are weak, more studies are needed to put the hypothesis on a firm footing

Income and Employment Generation through Mining Industry in India

India is well endowed with natural resources, particularly minerals, which serve as raw material for many industries, paving a path for rapid industrialization and infrastructural development. This, in turn, will facilitate the economy’s ascent to a path of sustained growth and a five trillion dollar economy. Mining is an important economic activity in India. India is one of the largest exporters of iron ore, chromite, bauxite, mica and manganese, and it is ranked fifth among the mineral-producing countries in terms of volume of production. The mining sector contributes nearly 2.4 per cent to India’s GDP. While there has been private sector participation in mining, the government through its various public-sector companies continues to be the largest participant in the domestic mining industry. Much of India’s potential mineral resources are yet to be fully explored. Earlier, government policies and legislation had largely focused on regulation of mines and minerals rather than on exploration and development. Taking cognisance of the stagnation of the mineral industry, various reforms have been initiated by the Indian government allowing for greater private sector participation in mineral exploration, mine development and maintenance. The present study throws a light on mineral production, value and share of states in value of mineral production, contribution of mining to the Indian GDP and average daily labour employed in manganese and iron ore sectors in India

Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular risk?

Background: Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans degraded by the hepatic enzyme, urate oxidase (uricase), to allantoin, which is freely excreted in the urine. However, during the Miocene epoch (20 to 5 million years ago), 2 parallel but distinct mutations occurred in early hominoids that rendered the uricase gene non-functional. Uric acid (UA) is a known endogenous scavenger, which provides a major part of the antioxidant capacity against oxidative and radical injury.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of one year on outpatients attending the General Medicine Department at Narayana General Hospital, Nellore. The study was included 998 subjects (500 male and 498 female) and authors excluded other complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Serum uric acid of the subjects were measured. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for all the Biochemical parameter. The significance between the groups was determined using Student t-test for equality of means. The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically significant. Confidence interval: the hypothetical mean is 1.0000 and the actual mean is 6.4600. The difference between these two values is 5.4600. The 95% confidence interval of this difference from 5.3489 to 5.5711. Intermediate values used in calculations; t = 96.4583, df = 999 and standard error of difference p = 0.057.Conclusions: About 53% of the subjects of the study are hyperuricemia, with about 74% of these subjects (or about 39% of the total) diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes mellitus or both, indicating a high CVD risk

Implementation of Pattern Matching Algorithm for Multimedia Files in Mail Function Detection

Now a days internet and mail based file transfer has increased enormously due to this server space required will be highly and also occurs largely. In existing system if we upload the same file which is present in the server also get uploaded and duplication occurs. We used a pattern matching algorithm it eliminate duplication and also to avoid time wastage in uploading the same file present in the server. During file upload pattern will be matched. If pattern matched file won't be uploaded again it will simply matched the existing file it avoids uploading the file again. If pattern doesn't match it allow uploading the file. From this we save the memory space in the server and duplication doesn't occur

Income and Employment Generation by Mining Industries in the state of Karnataka and Ballari district.

Mining is an essential industry that will provide key materials needed for the country’s infrastructure development. Mining is one of the core sectors and growth driver of Indian economy. Minerals and ores provide basic raw materials to many important industries like power generation (thermal), iron and steel, cement, petroleum and natural gas, petrochemicals, fertilizers, precious and semi-precious metals/stones, electrical and electronics equipment, glass and ceramics. Karnataka has the distinction of being the principal gold producing State in the country. The State is the sole producer of felsite and one of the leading producer of iron ore, chromite, dolomite, dunite, kyanite and shale. Karnataka hosts the country's 79% vanadium ore, 72% iron ore (magnetite), 65% corundum, 42% tungsten ore, 36% asbestos, 27% limestone, 21% gold ore (primary), 20% granite (dimension stone), 20% manganese ore, 17% dunite, 13% kyanite and 10% PGM (metal) resources. In the State, the Department of Mines and Geology, is responsible for the effective and efficient administration of these mineral resources, which are raw materials for various industries. The present study focuses on Manganese and Iron ore production and dispatch for a period of 10 years in Karnataka and in Ballari district also focus on average daily employment and revenue generated by mining sector

Timing Offset Calibration of CZTI instrument aboard ASTROSAT

The radio as well as the high energy emission mechanism in pulsars is yet not understood properly. A multi-wavelength study is likely to help in better understanding of such processes. The first Indian space-based observatory, ASTROSAT, has five instruments aboard, which cover the electromagnetic spectrum from infra-red (1300 $\AA$) to hard X-ray (380 KeV). Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager (CZTI), one of the five instruments is a hard X-ray telescope functional over an energy range of 20-380 KeV. We aim to estimate the timing offset introduced in the data acquisition pipeline of the instrument, which will help in time alignment of high energy time series with those from two other ground-based observatories, viz. the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT). PSR B0531+21 is a well-studied pulsar with nearly aligned radio and hard X-ray pulse profiles. We use simultaneous observations of this pulsar with the ASTROSAT, the ORT and the GMRT. The pulsar was especially observed using the ORT with almost daily cadence to obtain good timing solutions. We also supplement the ORT data with archival FERMI data for estimation of timing noise. The timing offset of ASTROSAT instruments was estimated from fits to arrival time data at the ASTROSAT and the radio observatories. We estimate the offset between the GMRT and the ASTROSAT-CZTI to be -4716 $\pm$ 50 $\mu s$. The corresponding offset with the ORT was -29639 $\pm$ 50 $\mu s$. The offsets between the GMRT and Fermi-LAT -5368 $\pm$ 56 $\mu s$. (Abridged)Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, Revised and Updated, accepted for publication in A&

Affine equation of state from quintessence and k-essence fields

We explore the possibility that a scalar field with appropriate Lagrangian can mimic a perfect fluid with an affine barotropic equation of state. The latter can be thought of as a generic cosmological dark component evolving as an effective cosmological constant plus a generalized dark matter. As such, it can be used as a simple, phenomenological model for either dark energy or unified dark matter. Furthermore, it can approximate (up to first order in the energy density) any barotropic dark fluid with arbitrary equation of state. We find that two kinds of Lagrangian for the scalar field can reproduce the desired behaviour: a quintessence-like with a hyperbolic potential, or a purely kinetic k-essence one. We discuss the behaviour of these two classes of models from the point of view of the cosmological background, and we give some hints on their possible clustering properties.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Minor updates, accepted by CQ

Constraints on the perturbed mutual motion in Didymos due to impact-induced deformation of its primary after the DART impact

Binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos is the target of the proposed NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), part of the Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission concept. In this mission, the DART spacecraft is planned to impact the secondary body of Didymos, perturbing mutual dynamics of the system. The primary body is currently rotating at a spin period close to the spin barrier of asteroids, and materials ejected from the secondary due to the DART impact are likely to reach the primary. These conditions may cause the primary to reshape, due to landslides, or internal deformation, changing the permanent gravity field. Here, we propose that if shape deformation of the primary occurs, the mutual orbit of the system would be perturbed due to a change in the gravity field. We use a numerical simulation technique based on the full two-body problem to investigate the shape effect on the mutual dynamics in Didymos after the DART impact. The results show that under constant volume, shape deformation induces strong perturbation in the mutual motion. We find that the deformation process always causes the orbital period of the system to become shorter. If surface layers with a thickness greater than ~0.4 m on the poles of the primary move down to the equatorial region due to the DART impact, a change in the orbital period of the system and in the spin period of the primary will be detected by ground-based measurement.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA