104 research outputs found
Properties of First-Order Hadron-Quark Phase Transition from Inverting Neutron Star Observables
By inverting the observational data of several neutron star observables in
the three dimensional parameter space of the constant speed of sound (CSS)
model while fixing all hadronic Equation of State parameters at their currently
known most probable values, we constrain the three parameters of the CSS model
and their correlations. Using two lower radius limits of km
and km for PSR J0740+6620 obtained from two independent
analyses using different approaches by the Neutron Star Interior Composition
Explorer (NICER) Collaboration, the speed of sound squared in
quark matter is found to have a lower limit of and in unit of
, respectively, above its conformal limit of . An
approximately linear correlation between the first-order hadron-quark
transition density and its strength is found.
Moreover, the presence of twin star is deemed improbable by the present work.Comment: Added 1 figure and some discussions. Phys. Rev. C in pres
Towards Understanding Astrophysical Effects of Nuclear Symmetry Energy
Determining the Equation of State (EOS) of dense neutron-rich nuclear matter
is a shared goal of both nuclear physics and astrophysics. Except possible
phase transitions, the density dependence of nuclear symmetry \esym is the most
uncertain part of the EOS of neutron-rich nucleonic matter especially at
supra-saturation densities. Much progresses have been made in recent years in
predicting the symmetry energy and understanding why it is still very uncertain
using various microscopic nuclear many-body theories and phenomenological
models. Simultaneously, significant progresses have also been made in probing
the symmetry energy in both terrestrial nuclear laboratories and astrophysical
observatories. In light of the GW170817 event as well as ongoing or planned
nuclear experiments and astrophysical observations probing the EOS of dense
neutron-rich matter, we review recent progresses and identify new challenges to
the best knowledge we have on several selected topics critical for
understanding astrophysical effects of the nuclear symmetry energy.Comment: 77 pages. Invited Review Article, EPJA (2019) in pres
Holographic Storage of Biphoton Entanglement
Coherent and reversible storage of multi-photon entanglement with a multimode
quantum memory is essential for scalable all-optical quantum information
processing. Although single photon has been successfully stored in different
quantum systems, storage of multi-photon entanglement remains challenging
because of the critical requirement for coherent control of photonic
entanglement source, multimode quantum memory, and quantum interface between
them. Here we demonstrate a coherent and reversible storage of biphoton
Bell-type entanglement with a holographic multimode atomic-ensemble-based
quantum memory. The retrieved biphoton entanglement violates Bell's inequality
for 1 microsecond storage time and a memory-process fidelity of 98% is
demonstrated by quantum state tomography.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
Serum Peptidome Patterns of Colorectal Cancer Based on Magnetic Bead Separation and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, identification of biomarkers for early detection of CRC represents a relevant target. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for CRC diagnosis.
Methods. The present work focused on serum proteomic analysis of 32 health volunteers and 38 CRC by ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry. This approach allowed the construction of a peptide patterns able to differentiate the studied populations. An independent group of serum (including 33 health volunteers, 34 CRC, 16 colorectal adenoma, 36 esophageal carcinoma, and 31 gastric carcinoma samples) was used to verify the diagnostic and differential diagnostic capability of the peptidome patterns blindly. An immunoassay method was used to determine serum CEA of CRC and controls. Results. A quick classifier algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns for identification of CRC from controls. Two of the identified peaks at m/z 741 and 7772 were used to construct peptidome patterns, achieving an accuracy close to 100% (>CEA, P<0.05). Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could differentiate validation group with high accuracy.
Conclusions. These results suggest that the ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry yields significantly higher accuracy for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CRC
Synergistic synthesis of quasi-monocrystal CdS nanoboxes with high-energy facets
Hollow nanostructures with a highly oriented lattice structure and active facets are promising for catalytic applications, while their preparation via traditional approaches contains multiple steps and is time and energy consuming. Here, we demonstrate a new one-step strategy involving two complementary reactions which promote each other; it is capable of producing unique hollow nanoparticles. Specifically, we apply synergic cooperation of cation exchange and chemical etching to attack PbS nanosized cubes (NCs) and produce CdS quasi-monocrystal nanoboxes (QMNBs) which possess the smallest dimensions reported so far, a metastable zinc-blende phase, a large specific surface area, and particularly high-energy {100} facets directly visualized by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. These properties in combination allow the nanoboxes to acquire exceptional photocatalytic activities. As an extension of the approach, we use the same strategy to prepare Co9S8 and Cu7.2S4 single-crystal hollow nanooctahedrons (SCHNOs) successfully. Hence, the synergic reaction synthesis strategy exhibits great potential in engineering unique nanostructures with superior properties
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of 8 Inflammation-related Genes and their Associations with Smoking-related Cancers
Tobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco-related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes with tobacco-related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case-control studies from: Los Angeles (population-based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero-digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population-based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (hospital-based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls). After adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, gender, and tobacco smoking, IL10 rs1800871 was inversely associated with oropharyngeal cancer (CT+TT vs. CC adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.95), and was positively associated with lung cancer among never smokers (TT vs. CT+CC aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-5.1) and inversely with oropharyngeal cancer among ever smokers (CT+TT vs. CC aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95). Among all pooled never smokers (588 cases and 816 controls), TNF rs1799964 was inversely associated with smoking-related cancer (CC vs. CT+TT aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.77). Bayesian correction for multiple comparisons suggests that chance is unlikely to explain our findings (although epigenetic mechanisms may be in effect), which support our hypotheses, suggesting that IL10 rs1800871 is a susceptibility marker for oropharyngeal and lung cancers, and that TNF rs1799964 is associated with smoking-related cancers among never smokers. © 2010 UICC
- …