Empirical analysis of polarization division multiplexing-dense wavelength division multiplexing hybrid multiplexing techniques for channel capacity enhancement

This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization division multiplexing with C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels with 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed with two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data with 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate of 4.16 Tbits/s with spectral efficiency of 69% with 20% side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) 40.7. The performance of the proposed techniques has been analyzed using optimized system parameters securing a minimum bit error rate (BER) 10-9 at a transmission distance up to 50 km

DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA FOR SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT READING FOR GRADE VIII OF SMPN 4 YOGYAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016

The objectives of this research were: 1) to find out the target and learning needs of Grade VIII students of SMPN 4 Yogyakarta in learning the short functional text reading through interactive multimedia, and 2) to develop the appropriate interactive multimedia for the short functional text reading for Grade VIII students of SMPN 4 Yogyakarta. This was a research and development (R&D) study. It involved 62 students of Grade VIII of SMPN 4 Yogyakarta. The procedure adapted a model of multimedia instructional design process by Lee and Owens (2004). The steps were: 1) analysing students’ needs, 2) designing the course grid, flowchart, and storyboard, 3) developing the first draft of the interactive multimedia, 4) conducting evaluation through expert judgment for the materials and media aspects, and 5) revising the first draft to be the final draft. The data collection instruments were a needs analysis questionnaire and expert judgment questionnaires. The data from the needs analysis were analysed quantitatively using frequency and percentage and the data obtained from expert judgment were analysed through descriptive analysis. The findings showed that: 1) the students mainly learned English to be able to communicate using English and to score well in the exam; 2) they considered themselves lacking in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and reading comprehension related to short functional texts; 3) they wanted varied learning activities such as true/false statements, multiple choices, ordering activities and fill-in the blanks; 4) they wanted the learning topics related to their surroundings and daily life such as invitations, text messages, and schedules; 5) they needed learning materials that were based on Standards of Competence and Basic Competences; 6) they preferred to learn autonomously or with their friends but still needed guidance from their teacher; 7) they preferred the interactive multimedia to be used in smartphone; 8) the learning inputs for the materials included texts, pictures, audio, and videos; and 9) they expected the interactive multimedia to have bilingual instructions, different background colours for each unit, instrumental music background, easy and simple navigation, and exercises with answer keys. Thus, this research developed an interactive multimedia which can be used in smartphone entitled ELIPS 8 (English Learning through Interactive Multimedia Program using Smartphone for Grade 8 Students). It consisted of three units and each unit had 22 activities. The research findings showed that the developed interactive multimedia was appropriate. The mean score for the whole materials aspect was 3.87 and that for the whole media aspect was 3.82 which were in the range of 3.25 4 and fell into the category of “Very Good”

Cdc48-Ubx2複合体はミトコンドリア融合誘導因子Fzo1のプロテアソーム分解のためのユビキチン化を促進する

熊本大

Temporal variations of groundwater arsenic concentrations in southwest Bangladesh

The pattern of groundwater arsenic (As) concentrations in Bangladesh is thought to be highly variable with time. To assess the changing pattern of As concentrations over time for developing a sustainable and affordable testing protocol for As, water from 246 sample tube wells of Jhikargachha, southwest Bangladesh, was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) at two different time periods. The local hydrogeology and its relationship with As concentrations were also analyzed. Statistical analysis illustrates relationships between As in groundwater with different well parameters and aquifer properties. A positive correlation was observed between well depth and percentage of As-contaminated wells (R = 0.89). Similarly, the percentage of contaminated wells increased with grain size of the aquifer sediments, with a maximum percentage of contaminated wells in medium sized sand. Coarser sands showed a decrease in the number of contaminatedwells. This increasing trend reversed at depths greater than 60 m. Most tubewells showed changes in As concentration with time (either increasing or decreasing). The highest increase was 91 μg/l and lowest decrease was 128 μg/l. However, almost half of the wells showed an increase and half showed a decrease, suggesting that these variations could be produced by experimental errors and/or seasonal variations