38 research outputs found

    Magnetic fullerenes inside single-wall carbon nanotubes

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    C59N magnetic fullerenes were formed inside single-wall carbon nanotubes by vacuum annealing functionalized C59N molecules encapsulated inside the tubes. A hindered, anisotropic rotation of C59N was deduced from the temperature dependence of the electron spin resonance spectra near room temperature. Shortening of spin-lattice relaxation time, T_1, of C59N indicates a reversible charge transfer toward the host nanotubes above ∌350\sim 350 K. Bound C59N-C60 heterodimers are formed at lower temperatures when C60 is co-encapsulated with the functionalized C59N. In the 10-300 K range, T_1 of the heterodimer shows a relaxation dominated by the conduction electrons on the nanotubes

    Unprecedented tuning of the in-plane easy axis in (100) magnetite films grown by IR-PLD

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    Conference paper presented at the IEEE International Magnetics Conference, held in Beijing (China) on May 11-15th, 2015.Magnetite (Fe3O4) is attracting much interest in the last years due to its robust ferrimagnetism down to nanometer thickness, good electrical conductivity and presumed half-metal character. In particular, Fe3O4 films are studied as ideal cases for the design of improved bulk magnets [1] and have been tentatively used in spin-valves and spin-LEDs. Fe3O4 presents a low-temperature metal-insulator transition, the Verwey transition (TV) which has also been proposed for spintronic applications. An open question is to what extent the preparation of Fe3O4 films can affect their detailed magnetic properties, such as the magnetic anisotropy axis. This information is required to efficiently apply Fe3O4 in technological multiphase magnets and spintronic applications [1]. Most of studies dealing with bulk and Fe3O4 thin film systems show room temperature (RT) in-plane magnetic easy axis. By contrast, we show in this work the preparation of pure stoichiometric Fe3O4 thin films with RT easy axes along the in-plane directions [2], i.e. rotated by 45Âș respect to previous studies. Fe3O4 films have been grown by ablation from a sintered hematite target using a nanosecond infrared (IR) laser at 1064 nm and a substrate temperature of 750 K [3]. Single crystal substrates of SrTiO3, MgAl2O4 and MgO have been used. The films were characterized using XRD, AFM, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies, vectorial magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy (v-MOKE) and SQUID magnetometry. All films consisted of stoichiometric Fe3O4 and presented a Verwey transition at TV=115-118 K. RT in-plane hysteresis loops were measured by vectorial-MOKE as a function of the direction of the applied magnetic field in the 0Âș-360Âș range with an angular step of 5Âș. For all epitaxial films under study, the highest coercivity and remanence are found at 0Âș, 90Âș, 180Âș and 270Âș (i.e. directions), thus orthogonal to each other, while the lowest coercivity values are found between them [Figures 1(a) and 1(b), respectively]. This results in a well-defined four-fold symmetry indicative of biaxial magnetic anisotropy [2]. In order to verify this result, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiments have been carried out at 9.4 GHz frequency. The angular dependence of the in-plane resonance field at RT for the Fe3O4 layers proves that the easy axes are indeed the in-plane directions (Fig. 2). Furthermore, spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM) has allowed imaging the individual magnetic domains at the surface of the films [2]. The magnetic domains present magnetization vectors along the in-plane Âż100Âż directions, while the domain walls are aligned with the in-plane Âż110Âż directions. The most probable cause for the observed magnetization easy-axis direction is the orientation of the anti-phase domain boundaries (APBs). It is known that depending on the orientation of the APBs, they can couple both ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically the magnetite grains that lie across the boundary. We thus propose that the particular distribution and orientation of APBs that our growth conditions promote are responsible for the observed easy-axis directions of our films. Consequently, all angular studies here shown in addition to SPLEEM experiments demonstrate easy-axis orientation along in-plane directions, i.e., differing from that of bulk magnetite or films prepared by other techniques, and thus demonstrating the possibility of tuning the easy axis orientation in Fe3O4 films

    Towards a new image processing system at Wendelstein 7-X: From spatial calibration to characterization of thermal events

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    Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is the most advanced fusion experiment in the stellarator line and is aimed at proving that the stellarator concept is suitable for a fusion reactor. One of the most important issues for fusion reactors is the monitoring of plasma facing components when exposed to very high heat loads, through the use of visible and infrared (IR) cameras. In this paper, a new image processing system for the analysis of the strike lines on the inboard limiters from the first W7-X experimental campaign is presented. This system builds a model of the IR cameras through the use of spatial calibration techniques, helping to characterize the strike lines by using the information given by real spatial coordinates of each pixel. The characterization of the strike lines is made in terms of position, size, and shape, after projecting the camera image in a 2D grid which tries to preserve the curvilinear surface distances between points. The description of the strike-line shape is made by means of the Fourier Descriptors

    Forward modeling of collective Thomson scattering for Wendelstein 7-X plasmas: Electrostatic approximation

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    In this paper, we present a method for numerical computation of collective Thomson scattering (CTS). We developed a forward model, eCTS, in the electrostatic approximation and benchmarked it against a full electromagnetic model. Differences between the electrostatic and the electromagnetic models are discussed. The sensitivity of the results to the ion temperature and the plasma composition is demonstrated. We integrated the model into the Bayesian data analysis framework Minerva and used it for the analysis of noisy synthetic data sets produced by a full electromagnetic model. It is shown that eCTS can be used for the inference of the bulk ion temperature. The model has been used to infer the bulk ion temperature from the first CTS measurements on Wendelstein 7-X

    Spin resonance in the ordered magnetic state of Ni-5(TeO3)(4)Cl-2

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    The transition metal tellurium oxychloride, Ni-5(TeO3)(4)Cl-2, has been investigated by high-field electron-spin resonance for frequencies up to 3 THz, at temperatures well below the magnetic ordering at 23 K. At zero external field several resonance modes have been identified. When the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to both the a and b crystallographic directions, one of the magnetic-resonance modes softens, and a spin-flop transition occurs around 10 T. The results are discussed in terms of the crystal structure, and compared to other magnetically ordered materials with multiple magnetic sublattices, including orthoferrites and triangular antiferromagnets

    High frequency electron spin resonance study of peapods

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    We present high frequency Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) results on a peapod sample. In a previous low frequency ESR study on peapods and double-walled nanotubes the observation of a non-Lorentzian line shape was reported. This effect was tentatively attributed to the presence of two distinct Lorentzian signals, coming from the outer tube and from the inner tube or from fullerenes. Here we report ESR measurements in a broad frequency (and magnetic field) range, which help to resolve this uncertainty. Since, with increasing magnetic field, no splitting of the line is observed, just a linear increase with frequency, we attribute the non-Lorentzian shape to g-factor distribution. The extracted line width weakly increases with temperature. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
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