Tracheal replacement by autogenous aorta

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tracheal defects may occur after trauma or prolonged intubation. Resection of tracheal tumors also poses a major challenge for substitution. In an effort to solve this problem, different techniques have been tried with little success. We report on a new animal model which showed acceptable results with fewer complications.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We replaced 5 cm of cervical trachea in 10 dogs with harvested infra-renal aorta and repaired the aortic defect with Dacron graft.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Necropsy of the grafted aorta and anastomotic site revealed well healed anastomosis in all animals together with ciliated columnar epithelium coverage of grafted aorta and neovascularization of aortic wall.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Aortic graft is preferable to other substitutes because of less antigenicity, less vascularity, and no mucous secretions or peristalsis</p

Repair of bone defect by nano-modified white mineral trioxide aggregates in rabbit: a histopathological study

Background: Many researchers have tried to enhance materials functions in different aspects of science using nano-modification method, and in many cases the results have been encouraging. To evaluate the histopathological responses of the micro-/nano-size cement-type biomaterials derived from calcium silicate-based composition with addition of nano tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al 2 O 3 ) on bone healing response. Material and Methods: Ninety mature male rabbits were anesthetized and a bone defect was created in the right mandible. The rabbits were divided into three groups, which were in turn subdivided into five subgroups with six animals each based on the defect filled by: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), Nano-WMTA, WMTA without 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 , Nano-WMTA with 2% Nano-3CaO.Al 2 O 3 , and empty as control. Twenty, forty and sixty days postoperatively the animals were sacrificed and the right mandibles were removed for histopathological evaluations. Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparisons based on the LSMeans procedure was used for data analysis. Results: All the experimental materials provoked a moderate to severe inflammatory reaction, which significantly differed from the control group ( p < 0.05). Statistical analysis of bone formation and bone regeneration data showed significant differences between groups at 40- and 60- day intervals in all groups. Absence of 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 leads to more inflammation and foreign body reaction than other groups in all time intervals. Conclusions: Both powder nano-modification and addition of 2% Nano-3CaO.Al 2 O 3 to calcium silicate-based cement enhanced the favorable tissue response and osteogenesis properties of WMTA based materials

Histological Comparison of Effectiveness of Low Doses of Doxycyclineand Atorvastatin on gingival Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Model of Periodontitis in Rats

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low dose doxycycline and atorvastatin on gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats.Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four study groups as follows: (I) experimental periodontitis control, (II) rats with periodontitis treated with low dose atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), (III) rats with periodontitis treated with low dose doxycycline (6 mg/kg) and rats with periodontitis treated with both doxycycline and atorvastatin. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the upper left second molar foe seven days. The periodontitis group received saline, periodontitis/doxycycline group received doxycycline by oral gavage, periodontitis/atorvastatin group received atorvastatin by oral gavage and doxycycline/atorvastatin group received both drugs simultaneously (6 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days after ligature placement. Then, the rats were sacrificed and their maxillae were removed, defleshed, and prepared for histopathological examination. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test at 5% level of significance and presented as frequencyResults: Using a combination of doxycycline and atorvastatin caused a significant decrease in gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss (16.5%) and collagen degradation (13%) when compared to the control group (36.10% and 36.95%, respectively; P&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Low dose atorvastatin and low dose doxycycline synergically prevented alveolar bone loss and collagen degradation in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats

Effects of local and systemic Atorvastatin on inflammation and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats

Objectives The first cause of tooth loss in developed countries is periodontitis and mostly occurs in people over 40 years old.Atorvastatin is a statin drug class, which has a revolutionary impact on the treatment of high cholesterol and also stimulates bone morphogenic protein which has osteogenic potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local and systemic Atorvastatin in the treatment of periodontitis.Materials and Methods Forty eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight in each; experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature in five of them in each group daily (1) systemic Atorvastatin 12.5 mg/kg (2) systemic solvent (3) local Atorvastatin0.25 mg/kg (4) local solvent (5) no drug was administered and group (6) left non-ligated, and rats were sacrificed on 11th day. Histopathological analysis on periodontal tissue; malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) tests on serum were performed to investigate bone loss and inflammation. The statistical tests for MDA and SOD samples were one-way ANOVA with Duncan post-hoc whereas in histopathological samples nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used.Results Although local injection and oral administration of Atorvastatin significantly decreased alveolar bone loss and serum MDA levels, no significant difference in their effectiveness was observed. Serum SOD levels were not significantly changed in all administered groups. P-value &lt; 0.05.Conclusion In this study, both local injection and oral forms of Atorvastatin decreased inflammation and bone loss in periodontitis. However, no significant difference in their effectiveness was detected. However, local injection is superior to oral form due to effective lower dose

Comparison of the Effects of Local Injection and Oral Intake of Diclofenac and Atorvastatin in Alveolar Bone Density Assessed with CT in Experimental Periodontitis in Rat

Objectives The first cause of tooth loss in developed countries is periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontitis and it is characterized by loss of periodontal attachment, destruction of alveolar bone and eventual loss of teeth. Atorvastatin is a statin drug used for the treatment of high cholesterol. Statins can stop the inflammatory process by inhibiting the cholesterol pathway. Diclofenac is an NSAID with anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic effects. Its primary mechanism is through the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of local injected and oral intake of Diclofenac and atorvastatin on alveolar bone density measured in HUs with the use of a CT scan in a periodontitis-induced model in rats.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Ligatures were placed around the left second maxillary molar to induce periodontitis for 10 days. Administration of 12.5 mg/kg of oral atorvastatin (group 1), 0.25 mg/kg of injectable atorvastatin (group 2), 7.5mg/kg of oral Diclofenac (group 3), 6.25mg/kg of injectable Diclofenac (group 4), the oral solvent without medicine as oral control (groups 5), and the injectable solvent without medicine as injectable control (group 6). In each group, the right side of maxilla was considered as control group (without ligature and drug interaction). At day eleven, the rats were sacrificed and the maxillary bone was separated from the soft tissue and fixed in 4% formalin. The prepared samples were then radiologically evaluated to determine the bone density with CT in fixed exposure conditions.Results There was a statistically significant difference between the alveolar bone density of the oral atorvastatin group and the oral Diclofenac (P = 0.006). There was no statistical significant difference in alveolar bone density between the injectable atorvastatin and the injectable Diclofenac groups (P=0.228).Conclusion Both atorvastatin and Diclofenac have shown better results when assessing bone density in a periodontitis rat model  as compared to controls. Additionally, Diclofenac has been shown to be more effective at both oral and injectable administrations as compared with atorvastatin in the prevention of loss of bone density in a rat model with periodontitis

Effects of endurance exercise and estrogen supplementation on the proliferation of satellite cells

Abstract Animal and human studies indicated that overtension and stress release inflammatory substances and growth factors that are produced following exercise, which leads to satellite cell activation and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week endurance exercise and estrogen supplementation on the proliferation of satellite cells in rats. Seventy-six rats were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups, ovariectomized and intact groups. Both groups were randomly divided into four subgroups as follows: endurance exercise, estrogen supplementation, estrogen supplementation with endurance exercise, and control. Then, the endurance exercise group and estrogen supplementation with endurance exercise group performed endurance exercise for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. In each week, the estrogen supplementation group and estrogen supplementation with endurance exercise group were injected subcutaneously with 3 mg/kg of estradiol benzoate. The soleus muscle was retracted and placed into 10 % buffered formalin solution. In a pathological lab, the number of satellite cells was counted and recorded using a light microscope through hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for CD56. Increase in satellite cell number was significant in the two groups of intact rats treated with estrogen supplementation and the ovariectomized rats which performed endurance exercise. The comparison of these groups' means demonstrated that the satellite cell number increased more in the ovariectomized rats. Endurance exercise and estrogen supplementation can increase the proliferation of satellite cells in the rat's soleus muscle

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of the dietary and topical forms of Zizyphus jujuba extract on oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil: a golden hamster model

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common inflammatory complication among cancerous patients as an ad verse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and identify the appropriate route of administration of extract of Zizyphus jujuba in 5-flurouracile induced OM induction in golden hamster. Materials and Methods: In a prospective randomized double blind animal study, OM was induced in 56 male golden hamsters by 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 0, 5, and 10 of the study. The cheek pouch was scratched with a sterile needle on once daily on days 3 and 4. On days 14-17, 300 mg/kg dietary and 20% Z. jujuba gel and gel base groups were treated and then compared with a control group. Microscopic scores and pouch content of malondialdehyde (MDA), plus activities of superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase in pouch tissue were evaluated. Results: Histopathology scores of mucositis were lower in the systemic and 20% Z. jujuba gel groups than the gel base and control groups ( P <0.05). Also, lower MDA level and higher activities of MPO and SOD were detected in the systemic and 20% Z. jujuba gel groups in comparison to the gel base and control groups ( P <0.001). Conclusions: The use of Z. jujuba hydroalcoholic extract in systemic and topical forms may be associated with reduced intensity of OM, diminished concentration of MDA, and increased activity of MPO and SOD on induced OM in golden hamster undergoing 5-FU consumptio

Wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica mutica) oil improve metabolic syndrome features in rats with high fructose ingestion

Objective(s): Metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since some dietary fats such as mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) modify metabolic syndrome components the aim of the present study was to evaluate  the preventive effects of mixture, kernel and hull oils of wild pistachio (WP) (Pistacia atlantica mutica) as good sources of MUFA on different features of this abnormality in rats under induction. Materials and Methods: In this study rats were randomly assigned to six groups with 12 animals per group. Metabolic syndrome was induced by fructose solution in groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Group 3 received sunflower oil and groups 4, 5, and 6 received mixture, hull and kernel oils of WP (2 ml/kg/day), respectively, for 10 weeks. Then, lipid profiles, glycemic indices, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were measured using standard laboratory tests.Results: Different forms of WP oil induced hypotriglyceridemia, but the hypocholesterolemia effect was seen only in the mixed and kernel oil groups. Kernel oil also significantly reduced LDL and HDL cholesterol (

Evaluation of possible preventive activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. against osteoporosis, an in vivo study

Evaluation of possible preventive activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. against osteoporosis, an in vivo study</p

Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Berberis integerrima and resveratrol on ovarian morphology and biochemical parameters in Letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model: An experimental study

Background: Resveratrol and Berberis integerrima (B. integerrima) are known to be natural antioxidants and regulators of human metabolism. However, the effects of resveratrol and B. integerrima on the ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not obvious. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. integerrima in combination with resveratrol on some biochemical parameters and ovarian morphology in the letrozole-induced PCOS rat. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10-12 weeks weighing 200 ± 20 gr were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10/each). Group I): normal; Group II): vehicle; Group III): letrozole-induced PCOS 1 mg/kg letrozole orally, rats receiving 1 cc normal saline orally; Group IV): PCOS + receiving 150 mg/kg metformin orally; Group V): PCOS + receiving 20 mg/kg resveratrol orally; Group VI): PCOS + 3 gr/kg barberry orally; and Group VII): PCOS + receiving 3 gr/kg barberry and 20 mg/kg resveratrol orally. All animals were followed-up for 63 days. The biochemical parameters and histological assessments of ovaries were performed. Results: Resveratrol alone and/or in combination with B. integerrima treatment in rats led to a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, malondialdehyde , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations (p = 0.02). The groups IV, V, VI, and VII showed a decrease in insulin resistance and an increase in the superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the level of serum glucose in the treatment groups. Number of cystic follicles had a significant decrease in barberry, resveratrol, and their combination groups (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Resveratrol, B. integerrima, and their combination as natural products with fewer side effects might be effective as an alternative medicine in treatment of PCOS. Key words: Barberry, Resveratrol, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Ovary, Rat