On b-chromatic Number of Prism Graph Families

A b-coloring of graph is a proper -coloring that verifies the following property: for every color class , 1≤≤, there exists a vertex , with color , such that all the other colors in are utilized in neighbors. The b-chromatic number of a graph , denoted by (), is the largest integer such that may have a b-coloring by colors. In this paper we discuss the b-coloring of prism graph , central graph of prism graph (), middle graph of prism graph () and the total graph of prism graph () and we obtain the b-chromatic number for these graphs

Relevance of unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidization in relation to intergenomic recombination and introgression in Lilium species hybrids

Sexual polyploids were induced in diploid (2n = 2x = 24) interspecific F1 hybrids of Longiflorum × Asiatic (LA) and Oriental × Asiatic (OA) Lilium hybrids by backcrossing to Asiatic (AA) parents as well as by sib-mating of the F1 LA hybrids. A majority of the BC1 progenies were triploid and the progenies from sib-mating were tetraploid or near tetraploids. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was applied to assess the intergenomic recombination in the BC1 populations of LA and OA hybrids obtained after unilateral sexual polyploidization. A total of 63 LA (LA × AA and AA × LA) and 53 OA hybrids were analysed. LA hybrids were originated through the functioning of 2n gametes either as 2n eggs or 2n pollen while those of OA hybrids originated through functional 2n pollen of diploid OA genotype. In both type of crosses, a majority of the progenies had originated through First Division Restitution (FDR) mechanism of functional 2n gamete either with or without a cross over. However, there were nine LA- and four OA-genotypes where Indeterminate Meiotic Restitution (IMR) was the mechanism of 2n gamete formation. Based on GISH, total amount of introgression of Longiflorum and Oriental genome into Asiatic genome was determined. Most of the BC progenies exhibited recombination and the amount of recombination was higher in LA hybrids as compared to OA hybrids. Intergenomic recombination was also determined cytologically in the 16 plants of sib-mated LA hybrids where both parents had contributed 2n gametes. Based on these results the nature of interspecific lily hybrids obtained from uni- and bilateral sexual polyploidization leading to allotriploid and allotetraploid formation is discussed in the context of introgression and intergenomic recombinatio

Frequency of Clinical Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Asthmatic Patients

Background: Gastroesophageal reflex is known as an acid reflex, is long term condition where stomach contents back into the oesophagus resulting in either symptoms or complications. GERD disease is caused by weakness or failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Symptoms include the acidic taste behind the mouth, heart burn, chest pain, difficult breathing and vomiting. Complication includes esophagitis, oesophageal strictures and barrettes oesophagus. Objective: The aim of this research was to introduce the symptoms of GERD disease in asthmatic patients and how these symptoms worsen the symptoms of asthma disease and what clinical pictures present with the asthmatic disease. Methodology: A designed performa was used to collect the data and after filling the performa, results were drawn and conclusion through the facts and the information given by patients. Results: In the present study among all 164 asthmatic patients, 70 (42.7%) patients showed dyspepsia, 58 (35.4%) were with chest burning, 23 (14%) were asking about chest pain, with acidic mouth taste were 39 (23.8%), 22 (13.4%) were feeling sore throat and 44 (26.8%) showed regurgitation reflex. Among these 164 patients 16 (9.8%) were smokers and 148 (90.2 %) were non-smokers. 47 (28.7%) were males and 117 (71.3%) were females. Conclusion: It is concluded that gastroesophageal reflux disease in asthmatic patients present symptoms of acidic mouth taste, chest burning, chest pain, dyspepsia, regurgitation reflex and sore throat

Polypogon monspeliensis waste biomass: A potential biosorbent for Cd (II)

Polypogon monspeliensis a globally available natural waste material was used for uptake of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions in this study. The results clearly demonstrate the effect of important experimental parameters on the biosorption process in batch experiments. The evaluated pH, biosorbent dose, size and initial metal concentration for Cd (II) uptake by P. monspeliensis waste biomass were 6, 0.05 g, 0.10 mm and 100 mg/L respectively. The Cd (II) sorption process by P. monspeliensis waste biomass was described well by pseudo second order kinetic model and Langumir sorption isotherm model. Metal equilibrium was reached in 120 min. A further increase in incubation time had no significant effect on the biosorption of the metal. FTIR spectroscopic results pointed out the involvement of hydroxyl and amine groups in the Cd (II) sorption by P. monspeliensis waste biomass

Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics via Exploitation of a Magnetic Nanocomposite: A Green Nanotechnology Approach toward Drug-Contaminated Wastewater Reclamation

In the quest for eco-conscious innovations, this research was designed for the sustainable synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, using ferric chloride hexahydrate salt as a precursor and extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaves as both a reducing and capping agent, which are innovatively applied as a photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics “ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin”. Sugar cane bagasse biomass, sugar cane bagasse pyrolyzed biochar, and magnetite/sugar cane bagasse biochar nanocomposite were also synthesized via environmentally friendly organized approaches. The optimum conditions for the degradation of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were found to be pH 6 for ciprofloxacin and 5 for amoxicillin, dosage of the photocatalyst (0.12 g), concentration (100 mg/L), and irradiation time (240 min). The maximum efficiencies of percentage degradation for ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were found to be (73.51%) > (63.73%) > (54.57%) and (74.07%) > (61.55%) > (50.66%) for magnetic nanocomposites, biochar, and magnetic nanoparticles, respectively. All catalysts demonstrated favorable performance; however, the “magnetite/SCB biochar” nanocomposite exhibited the most promising results among the various catalysts employed in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. Kinetic studies for the degradation of antibiotics were also performed, and notably, the pseudo-first-order chemical reaction showed the best results for the degradation of antibiotics. Through a comprehensive and comparative analysis of three unique photocatalysts, this research identified optimal conditions for efficient treatment of drug-contaminated wastewater, thus amplifying the practical significance of the findings. The recycling of magnetic nanoparticles through magnetic separation, coupled with their functional modification for integration into composite materials, holds significant application potential in the degradation of antibiotics

Importance of clinical toxicology teaching and its impact in improving

Objective: To assess the impact of a one-day clinical toxicology workshop in improving knowledge.Methods: A one-day clinical toxicology workshop was conducted as a pre-conference workshop of the Annual Emergency Medicine Conference at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, in April 2012. The course was composed of poisoning-related common clinical scenarios. The pre-test and post-test understanding was used to assess the impact of the course in improving knowledge. The participants also evaluated the workshop as a whole thorough written evaluation forms. SPSS 19 was ued for statistical analysis of the data.Result: There were 22 participants in the course. The pre-test mean score was 31.6±15.1% (95% CI; 24-40; n=19) compared to the post-test the mean score of 56.0±10.8% (95% CI; 47- 61; n=17). The positive difference was also statistically significant (pConclusion: Short training in clinical toxicology improved knowledge of the participants

Proximate composition and mineral profile of eight different unstudied date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties from Pakistan

With the aim of extending the knowledge on chemical composition of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.), eight different sun dried date varieties; (1) Daki, (2) Aseel, (3) Coconut, (4) Khuzravi, (5) Halavi, (6) Zahidi, (7) Deglet Noor and (8) Barkavi were examined to determine their proximate composition and mineral profile. All the date varieties were found to be rich in proteins, fiber, carbohydrates and net gross energy (352.329 Kcal/100 g in Aseel to 425.147 Kcal/100 g in Khuzravi) having suitable levels of lipids and low values of ash, moisture and oxalates. Na, K and Li were found as macrominerals whereas Cr, Cu, Ca, Mg, Ni, Zn and Mn were found as microminerals. The results suggest that all the studied dates serve as good source of vital nutrients and can be considered as premium quality having significantly higher energy values than the earlier reported values for dates