INVESTIGATION OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LINAGLIPTIN AND CELIPROLOL IN RESERPINE-INDUCED OROFACIAL DYSKINESIA AND ROTENONE-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION IN RATS

Objective: Linagliptin, an anti-diabetic agent, proven to play an important role in regulating neuronal plasticity and reduce apoptosis and neuroinflammation by activating downstream AMPK/Sirt 1 pathway, which protects mitochondrial function and suppresses intracellular ROS accumulation and shows antioxidant action. Celiprolol, a β-1selective adrenoceptor blocker used as an anti-hypertensive agent, possesses a direct scavenging activity on oxygen radicals with antioxidant properties. The current study was designed to investigate the combined neuroprotective effect of linagliptin and celiprolol. Methods: Wistar rats of either sex were divided into different groups (n = 6). Eight groups each for Reserpine induced orofacial dyskinesia model and Rotenone induced neurodegeneration model to mimic Parkinson’s like conditions and treated or not with different doses of linagliptin and celiprolol. 24 h after the last dose, animals were subjected to behavioral, biochemical and histopathological evaluations. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison test. Results: Reserpine treatment increased VCMs, tongue protrusion and decreased locomotor activity. Rotenone treatment decreases the motor activity and exploratory ability of the animals. Reserpine as well as rotenone treatments decrease catalase, GSH, SOD and increase the LPO levels as compared to sham group animals. Reserpine and rotenone also showed the presence of ghost cells and vacuolated cytoplasm. Linagliptin and celiprolol alone as well as in combination normalized the behavioral, biochemical and histopathological complications. Conclusion: Linagliptin and Celiprolol showed neuroprotection by antioxidant activity as well as improved reserpine and rotenone-induced behavioral deficits. Both drugs have tenacious potential and can be used clinically with some further investigations

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NEBIVOLOL ON ALUMINIUM-INDUCED NEUROBEHAVIORAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN RATS

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of nebivolol, a β1 adrenergic blocker on aluminium-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Methods: The neurotoxicity was induced by administration of aluminium (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 5 weeks. Nebivolol was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg, p.o. for 5 weeks. Behavioral assessments were done by using open field test and modified elevated plus maze (mEPM) test. At the end of the study, oxidative stress parameters were determined and histopathological studies of cerebral cortex of rat brains were performed. Results: Aluminium chloride treated rats showed significant reduction in motor activity in open field test and memory impairment in mEPM test as compared to control group. Nebivolol significantly reversed these parameters and restored brain antioxidant defensive enzymes with reduction in lipid peroxidation. The neurotoxicity was confirmed by the histopathological analysis of cerebral cortex of rat brains. Aluminium treated animals showed presence of ghost cells, vacuolated cytoplasm and haemorrhage in rat cerebral cortex, indicating neurotoxicity. Nebivolol attenuated all these changes. Thus, the potential of nebivolol to prevent aluminium-induced neurotoxicity was also reflected at microscopic level, indicative of its neuroprotective effects. Conclusion: Nebivolol showed significant antioxidant and neuroprotective activities against aluminium-induced neuronal degeneration. The results of the present study strengthen oxidative stress hypothesis of aluminium-induced neurotoxicity and suggest beneficial role of nebivolol in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders

Study of equatorial plasma bubble during January to April 2012 over Kolhapur (India)

Over 53 nights of all sky airglow imager data collected during January-April 2012 from the low latitude station Kolhapur (16.68°N, 74.26°E; 10.6°N dip latitude) have been analyzed to study the F-region dynamics through the imaging of OI 630 nm emission line. The observed night airglow data were supported by the ionosonde measurements from Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E; 0.51°N dip latitude). Well defined magnetic field aligned depletions were observed during the observation period. Out of 53 nights, 40 nights exhibited the occurrence of north-south aligned equatorial plasma bubbles. These plasma bubbles were found moving towards east with drift speed in range between 70 to 200 m s-1. We have analyzed the zonal drift velocity variation and relation of bubble occurrence with the base height of the ionosphere together with the effects of the geomagnetic Ap and solar flux F10.7 cm index in its first appearance

Study of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Using ASI and GPS Systems

The plasma irregularities have been frequently observed in the F-region, at low latitude regions, due to the instability processes occurring in the ionosphere. The depletions in electron density, as compared to the background density, is a signature of the plasma irregularities. These irregularities are also known as the “equatorial plasma bubble” (EPB). These EPBs can measure by the total electron content (TEC) using GPS receiver and by images of the nightglow OI 630.0 nm emissions using all sky imager (ASI). The current chapter is based on the review on the signature of the EPBs in TEC and ASI. measurements. We have also discussed the importance of the study of EPBs

Arthroscopic washout of the ankle for septic arthritis in a three-month-old boy

There is no report of athroscopic treatment for septic arthritis of the ankle in infants. We report a case of successful management of septic arthritis of the ankle in a three-month-old boy by arthroscopic washout. Arthroscopic washout may be a useful treatment for septic arthritis in young infants when performed early after onset

Potential role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in joint damage induced by Brucella abortus infection through production and induction of matrix metalloproteinases

Arthritis is one of the most common complications of human brucellosis, but its pathogenic mechanisms have not been elucidated. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are known to be central mediators of joint damage in inflammatory arthritides through the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade collagen and of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. In this study we show that Brucella abortus infects and replicates in human FLS (SW982 cell line) in vitro and that infection results in the production of MMP-2 and proinflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). Culture supernatants from Brucella-infected FLS induced the migration of monocytes and neutrophils in vitro and also induced these cells to secrete MMP-9 in a GM-CSF- and IL-6-dependent fashion, respectively. Reciprocally, culture supernatants from Brucella-infected monocytes and neutrophils induced FLS to produce MMP-2 in a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent fashion. The secretion of proinflammatory mediators and MMP-2 by FLS did not depend on bacterial viability, since it was also induced by heat-killed B. abortus (HKBA) and by a model Brucella lipoprotein (L-Omp19). These responses were mediated by the recognition of B. abortus antigens through Toll-like receptor 2. The intra-articular injection of HKBA or L-Omp19 into the knee joint of mice resulted in the local induction of the proinflammatory mediators MMP-2 and MMP-9 and in the generation of a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. These results suggest that FLS, and phagocytes recruited by them to the infection focus, may be involved in joint damage during brucellar arthritis through the production of MMPs and proinflammatory mediators.Fil: Scian, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Barrionuevo, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Giambartolomei, Guillermo Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: de Simone, Emilio Adrian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias. Catedra de Fisiologia Animal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; ArgentinaFil: Vanzulli, Silvia I.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Fossati, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Baldi, Pablo Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Delpino, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Profesor R. A. Margni"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin

The Classic: Bone Morphogenetic Protein

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by Marshall R. Urist and Basil S. Strates, Bone Morphogenetic Protein. An accompanying biographical sketch of Marshall R. Urist, MD is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1067-4; a second Classic Article is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1069-2; and a third Classic Article is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1070-9. The Classic Article is © 1971 by Sage Publications Inc. Journals and is reprinted with permission from Urist MR, Strates BS. Bone morphogenetic protein. J Dent Res. 1971;50:1392–1406

Shorter courses of parenteral antibiotic therapy do not appear to influence response rates for children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) occurs primarily in children and is believed to evolve from bacteremia followed by localization of infection to the metaphysis of bones. Currently, there is no consensus on the route and duration of antimicrobial therapy to treat AHO. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of a short versus long course of treatment for AHO due primarily to Staphylococcus aureus in children aged 3 months to 16 years. We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane trials registry for controlled trials. Clinical cure rate at 6 months was the primary outcome variable, and groups receiving less than 7 days of intravenous therapy were compared with groups receiving one week or longer of intravenous antimicrobials. RESULTS: 12 eligible prospective studies, one of which was randomized, were identified. The overall cure rate at 6 months for the short course of intravenous therapy was 95.2% (95% CI = 90.4, 97.7) compared to 98.8% (95% CI = 93.6, 99.8) for the longer course of therapy. There was no significant difference in the duration of oral therapy between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Given the potential increased morbidity and cost associated with longer courses of intravenous therapy, this finding should be confirmed through a randomized controlled equivalence trial