Infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) has become the leading risk factor for pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) in developed countries after the decline of rheumatic heart disease. Advances in catheter- and surgery-based cardiac interventions have rendered almost all types of CHD amenable to complete correction or at least palliation. Patient survival has increased, and a new patient population, referred to as adult CHD (ACHD) patients, has emerged. Implanted prosthetic material paves the way for cardiovascular device-related infections, but studies on the management of CHD-associated IE in the era of cardiovascular devices are scarce. The types of heart malformation (unrepaired, repaired, palliated) substantially differ in their lifetime risks for IE. Streptococci and staphylococci are the predominant pathogens. Right-sided IE is more frequently seen in patients with CHD. Relevant comorbidity caused by cardiac and extracardiac episode-related complications is high. Transesophageal echocardiography is recommended for more precise visualization of vegetations, especially in complex type of CHD in ACHD patients. Antimicrobial therapy and surgical management of IE remain challenging, but outcome of CHD-associated IE from the neonate to the adult is better than in other forms of IE. Conclusion: Primary prevention of IE is vital and includes good dental health and skin hygiene; antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated only in high-risk patients undergoing oral mucosal procedure

Nerve commitment in Hydra. II. Localization of commitment in S phase

The kinetics of nerve differentiation were investigated during head regeneration in Hydra. In particular the cell cycle parameters of stem cells undergoing nerve commitment were determined. Head regeneration induces extensive nerve commitment localized at the regenerating tip (G. Venugopal and C. David, 1981, Develop. Biol.83, 353–360). The appearance of committed nerve precursors is followed 12 hr later by the appearance of newly differentiated nerves. Under these conditions the time from the end of S phase to nerve differentiation is about 9 hr and the time from the beginning of S phase to nerve differentiation is about 18 hr. Thus nerve commitment occurs in mid- to late S phase of the stem cell precursor

Calibrating cross-training to meet demand mix variation and employee absence

We address the problem of determining the cross-training that a work team needs in order to cope with demand mix variation and absences. We consider the case in which all workers can be trained on all tasks, the workforce is a resource that determines the capacity and a complete forecasting of demand is not available. The demand mix variation that the organization wants to be able to cope with is fixed by establishing a maximum time to devote to each product. We contend that this approach is straightforward, has managerial practicality and can be applied to a broad range of practical scenarios. It is required that the demand mix variation be met, even if there are a certain level of absences. To numerically solve the mathematical problem, a constraint-based selection procedure is developed, which we term CODEMI. We provide illustrated examples demonstrating solution quality for the approximation, and we report on an illustrative set of computational cases. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) within the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS). All rights reserved.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Efectes geomorfològics de l'abandonament de terres (Saragossa, 12-13 de setembre de 1994) i III Reunió Nacional de Geomorfologia (Logroño, 14-16 de setembre de 1994)

Els dies 12 i 13 de setembre de 1994 tingut lloc a Saragossa la Reunió Pre-Congrés sobre "Efectes geomorfològics de l'abandonament de terres", organitzat per la Sociedad Española de Geomorfología i per l'Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología. Els dies següents, 14 al 16, va tenir lloc pròpiament la III Reunión Nacional de Geomorfología a Logronyo. Si bé a Saragossa el tema de debat estava centrat en l'abandonament de terres de conreu, a Logronyo es va tractar un ventall molt mé ampli d'aspectes relacionats amb la geomorfologia.Los dias 12 y 13 de septiembre tuvo lugar en Zaragoza la Reunión Pre-Congreso sobre "Efectos geomorfológicos del abandono de tierras", organizado por la Sociedad Española de Geomorfología y por el Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología. Los días siguientes, 14 al 16, tuvo lugar propiamente la III Reunión Nacional de Geomorfología en Logroño. Si bien en Zaragoza el tema de debate estaba centrado en el abandono de tierras de cultivo, en Logroño se trató un espectro más amplio de temas relacionados con la geomorfología.Le 12 et 13 septembre la Réunion Pre-Congrès sur "Les effets géomorphologiques de l'abandonnement des terres", organisé par la Société Espagnole de Géomorphologie et l'Institut Pyrénéen d'Écologie, a eu lieu à Saragosse. Les jours suivants, du 14 au 16 septembre, la Troisieme Réunion Nationale de Géomorphologie s'est déroulée à Logroño. Alors qu'a Saragosse le debat était centré sur l'abandon des terres cultivées, à Logroño on a traité un champ plus de thèmes liés à la géomorphologie

Curs sobre "Erosió i recuperació de terres en àrees marginals: casos pràctics aplicables a La Rioja" : Logronyo, 25 al 27 de juny de 1996

Dins dels actes del Cinquantenari de l'Institut d'Estudis de La Rioja s'ha celebrat el curs sobre «Erosió i recuperació de terres en àrees marginals: casos pràctics aplicables a La Rioja», que ha aplegat, els dies 25 al 27 de juny, a Logronyo, la pràctica totalitat de les persones que treballen en aquests temes, ja sigui des de la universitat o des del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). El curs ha estat organitzat pel Departament de Geografia de l'esmentat Institut, i ha tingut el suport i la col·laboració de la Sociedad Española de Geomorfología (SEG). El curs s'ha desenvolupat durant tres jornades, en les quals s'han impartit dotze conferències, una taula rodona i una sortida de camp.Dentro de los actos del Cincuentenario del Instituto de Estudios de la Rioja se ha celebrado el curso sobre «Erosión y recuperación de tierras en áreas marginales: casos prácticos aplicables a La Rioja», que ha reunido, los días 25 al 27 de junio, en Logroño, la práctica totalidad de las personas que trabajan en estos temas, ya sea desde la universidad o desde el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). El curso ha estado organizado por el Departamento de Geografía del Instituto, y ha tenido el soporte y la colaboración de la Sociedad Española de Geomorfología (SEG). El curso se ha desarrollado en tres jornadas, durante las cuales se han impartido doce conferencias, una mesa redonda y una salida de campo.Parmi les actes du Cinquantème Anniversaire de l'Institut d'Études de La Rioja, il y a eu lieu le cours sur «Érosion et récuperation des sols dans de zones marginales: des cas practiques applicables à La Rioja», que a réuni, entre le 25 et le 27 juin, presque toutes les personnes que travaillent à ce genere de sujets, soit dès l'université, soit dès le Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Conseil Supérieur de Recherches Scientifiques). Le cours a été organisé par le Départament de Géographie de l'Institut, et a eu le soutien et la collaboration de la SEG, la Sociedad Española de Geomorfología (Société Espagnole de Géomorphologie). Le cours, que s'est déroulé pendant trois jours, a offert douze conférences, une table ronde et un sortie dans la campagne.The celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the «Instituto de Estudios de La Rioja» included a seminar on «Soil erosion and restoration in marginal areas: practical examples applicable in La Rioja». The seminar was held in Logroño between 25th and 27th June 1996, and was attended by almost all the researchers who work on this topic, either in universities or the CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). It was organized by the Institute's Department of Geography with the support and collaboration of the Spanish Society of Geomorphology (SEG). The three-day seminar included twelve conferences, a round table session and a field trip

Study of Confinement and Catalysis Effects of the Reaction of Methylation of Benzene by Methanol in H-Beta and H-ZSM-5 Zeolites by Topological Analysis of Electron Density

In this work we studied the host-guest interactions between confined molecules and zeolites and their relationship with the energies involved in the reaction of methylation of benzene by methanol in H-ZSM-5 and H-Beta zeolites employing density functional theory (DFT) methods and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Results show that the strength of the interactions related to adsorption and coadsorption processes is higher in the catalyst with the larger cavity; however, the confinement effects are higher in the smaller zeolite, explaining, from an electronic viewpoint, the reason why the stabilization energy is higher in H-ZSM-5 than in H-Beta. The confinement effects of the catalyst on the confined species for methanol adsorption, benzene coadsorption, and the formed intermediates dominate this stabilization. For the transition state (TS), the stability of the TS is achieved due to the stabilizing effect of the surrounding zeolite framework on the formed carbocationic species (CH3+) which is higher in H-ZSM-5 than in H-Beta. In both TSs the methyl cation is multicoordinated forming the following H2O···CH3+···CB concerted bonds. It is demonstrated that, through the electron density analysis, the criteria can be defined to discriminate between interactions related to the confinement effects and the reaction itself (adsorption, coadsorption, and bond-breaking and bond-forming processes) and, thus, to discriminate the relative contributions of the degree of confinement to the reaction energies for two zeolite catalysts with different topologies.Fil: Zalazar, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Esteban Nadal. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Química. Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Gonzalo David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Química. Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades; ArgentinaFil: Cabral, Néstor Damián. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Química. Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades; ArgentinaFil: Peruchena, Nelida Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; Argentin