Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO to Higher Alcohols

The interest in converting synthesis gas to alcohols and oxygenated fuel additives via CO hydrogenation is growing rapidly due to the increasing rise in oil prices. Among the potential end products, ethanol is desirable since it serves as a clean alternative fuel, a gasoline blend, and a hydrogen carrier to supply fuel cells. The high cost and limited availability of the most active/selective Rh-based catalysts has led to the development of base metal catalysts such as modified Cu-based catalysts. Literature suggests that a combination of Co (or Mn) with Cu can facilitate higher alcohol formation by a non-dissociative adsorption of CO on the Cu sites, followed by insertion of CO into growing hydrocarbon chains formed from dissociated CO on the Co (or Mn) sites. The goal of this research work was to synthesize, characterize and test two types of copper-based catalysts – bimetallic nanoparticles and pyrochlores, for the hydrogenation of CO to higher alcohols, particularly ethanol. Copper-based bimetallic nanoparticles with core-shell morphologies synthesized using wet-chemical methods were the major focus of this dissertation. Uniformly dispersed and highly reproducible Cu core-Mn3O4 shell (Cu@Mn3O4) and Cu core-Co3O4 shell (Cu@Co3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized with a porous shell, thereby making the copper core accessible. DRIFTS (in-situ FTIR) showed that the Cu@Mn3O4 nanoparticles have a greater CO adsorption capacity and a lower CO dissociation activity, while the Cu@Co3O4 nanoparticles showed a higher selectivity towards alcohols and oxygenates, with the total alcohols/oxygenates being 48% of the total products. An ethanol selectivity of 15% (with a corresponding methane selectivity of 11%) was achieved at 10 bar, 270 °C and H2/CO=2. Another focus was on Cu-ZnO based catalysts supported on La2Zr2O7 pyrochlores which are believed to be promising candidates as supports for stable and active copper catalysts for CO hydrogenation. Mn or Co promoted Cu-ZnO-La2Zr2O7-Li2O catalysts were synthesized by coprecipitation. Addition of Mn or Co promoter increased the overall extent of reduction of the catalysts. DRIFTS studies showed increased CO chemisorption and negligible methanation on the Mn promoted catalyst under the conditions tested, while methane was the major product on the Co-promoted catalyst

Blood pressure response to Cold Pressor Test in the children of hypertensives

Two hundred student volunteers of 16-24 yrs were divided into two groups of 100 each, as children of hypertensive and children of normotensive parents. It was observed that there was no difference in resting SBP and DBP in both groups before CPT. After CPT, significant higher values of SBP after immersion, DBP after immersion, difference of SBP and difference of DBP were observed in children of hypertensive parents as compared to children of normotensive parents. This study can be used as a predictor of future development of hypertension for which early preventive measures can be taken to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to hypertensive complications

Teaching pupils to use the general method of solving tasks

В статье рассматриваются общие приемы работы над математической задачей как основы для формирования универсальных учебных действий у младших школьников

Digging the Well Deep: The Jewish “Ultra-Orthodox” Relationship with the Divine Explored through the Lifeworld of the Breslov Chasidic Community in Safed

The Jewish Charedi (“ultra-orthodox”) community is an example of a contemporary social group whose lifeworld is dictated almost entirely by the tenets of its religious beliefs. This thesis seeks to illuminate the physical, psychological, social and metaphysical structures of that Charedi world, using the Breslov Chasidic community in the town of Safed, northern Israel, as its ethnographic anchor. Following an introductory theoretical background to Judaism, Kabbalah, the Chasidic movement, and the Breslov group, a descriptive account is given of the Breslov lifeworld across many of its facets, including demographics, dress, prayer and study practices, the venerated position of the head Rabbi of the community, various religious practices, connection to and meditation in nature, attitudes towards non-Jews, pilgrimage, and the use of psychoactive drugs. This ethnographic material forms the basis for subsequent deeper analyses. The Charedi aspiration towards “zero degrees of freedom”, in terms of that society’s extreme application of the myriad prescriptions and proscriptions of Halakhic Law, is discussed, as well as Charedi society’s emphasis on constituting its own identity through what it is not; namely the “goyim” (non-Jews) and non-religious Jews. The parallels between Judaism and the anthropological category of shamanism are considered, with the argument made that much of the Jewish tradition is essentially shamanic, yet that this aspect of the religion has been relegated to a relatively minor position in the contemporary Jewish religious (including Charedi) milieu. A functional analysis is then given regarding certain Jewish practices, demonstrating that Judaism contains within it sophisticated mechanisms, acting in affective, cognitive and social domains, to ensure replication of the religion—and specifically its core “template”, the Torah—from generation to generation. This analysis is followed by an exploration of the phenomenology of the religious experience and the Torah lifeworld, seeking to penetrate and document the experience of “being Breslov”. The final chapter ties all of the previous material together, presenting several psychoanalytic perspectives on the Charedi phenomenon

\u27Choose a Language Like a Wedding Ring\u27: Polysystems, Norms and Pseudotranslation in Lea Goldberg’s Poetry & Prose

Lea Goldberg [1911-1970] is one of modern Hebrew literature’s most significant poet/translators. This thesis approaches her early poetry and prose from the perspective of three theories of translation. ‘Polysystems’, ‘norms’, and ‘pseudotranslation’ grew from the scholarly and translation-lineage in Hebrew literary studies that Goldberg herself contributed to. Utilizing these three methods of reading, this thesis argues that translation’s thematization in Goldberg’s creative work is evidence for the poet’s ideal for a cosmopolitan, multilingual, national literature in the new Jewish State. This receptive stance to previous and concurrent literary traditions was met with much skepticism and criticism from Goldberg’s colleagues, and as a result, Goldberg’s oeuvre occupies a more peripheral position than several of her contemporaries

Пропедевтика изучения элементов стохастики на уроках математики в начальных классах

В статье говорится о пропедевтике изучения элементов стохастики на уроках математики в начальных классах. Целью данной статьи является выявление и обоснование приемов обучения учащихся начальных классов решению статистических задач

Field of sudden starts' main impulses near the local absorption region of cosmic radio-noise in the ionosphere

Main impulse fields of magnetic storm sudden starts near local absorption region of cosmic radio noise in ionospher

Reducing Delay and Quantum Cost in the Novel Design of Reversible Memory Elements

AbstractIn a computational model, that uses transitions from one state of the abstract machine to another, a necessary condition for reversibility is that, the relation of the mapping from states to their successors must be one-to-one. In these works, the primary focus of design is to optimize number of reversible gates and garbage outputs. The calculation of number of gates is not a good option to check the complexity of a circuit as each gate has different architectural complexity decided by a parameter called quantum cost. Delay, hardly addressed in the existing works available in literature, is another good parameter to be optimized for fast reversible computation. In this work, we have presented novel designs of basic sequential circuits like latch that are optimum in terms of delay, quantum cost and garbage. We have also demonstrated quantum cost efficient D-FF, SR-FF, JK-FF & T-FF, along with their master slave configurations

Исторический аспект теневых явлений в системе высшего образования России

Представлен обзор проявлений теневой экономики в дореволюционный и советский периоды развития системы высшего образования в России. Анализируются практики теневых отношений между студентами и преподавателями, хищения и присвоения имущества администрацией образовательной организации, искажения служебной документации

INDIGENOUS FOODWAYS OF THE GALOS: A CHALLENGE TO ARCHAEOLOGY

The Galos are one among many tribes inhabiting the mountainous terrain of Arunachal Pradesh, located in the foothills of the Himalayas in North-East India. The traditional subsistence practice of the Galos includes swidden cultivation popularly known as jhumming in North-East India, animal husbandry and gathering. The paper discusses in detail the indigenous foodways of the Galos and how it pose challenges to the archaeology of the food in the region.Keywords: Arunachal Pradesh, Galo tribe, indigenous, foodway