Stress Akademik Pada Mahasiswa Yang Gemar Tidur Larut Malam

Like sleeping late is a condition of individuals who often sleep more thannormal time. The stress experienced by students is caused by sleeping onoutside normal hours. This phenomenon is studied because many students experience itacademic decline due to stress caused by sleeping too late, byTherefore in this study aims to determine the impact of stressresulting from a fondness for sleeping late at night. There are as many as 160 students who likesleep late which is included to get an idea aboutstress experienced by students because they like to sleep late at night. Instrumentwhich is used to obtain research data is The Perception ofAcademic Stress Scale, the research technique used in this studyusing descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the analysis in this study showthere was no difference in academic stress between the sexes of men andWoman. The results of the study revealed that in the phenomenon of fond of sleepinglate at night the stress experienced by students showed a similar level.Gemar tidur larut malam ialah kondisi individu yang kerap kali tidur lebih dariwaktu normal. Stress yang dialami pada mahasiswa ini disebabkan karena tidur diluar jam normal. Fenomena ini di teliti karena banyak mahasiswa mengalamipenurunan akademik karena stress yang di akibatkan tidur terlalu malam, olehkarena itu dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak stress yangdiakibatkan dari gemar tidur larut malam. Ada sebanyak 160 mahasiswa gemartidur larut malam yang di ikut sertakan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentangstress yang di alami pada mahasiswa karena gemar tidur larut malam. Instrumentyang di gunakan untuk mendapatkan data penelitian adalah The Perception ofAcademic Stress Scale, teknik penelitian yang di pakai dalam penelitian inimemakai teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisa dalam penelitian ini menunjukkantidak ada perbedaan stress akademik antara jenis kelamin laki-laki danperempuan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dalam fenomena gemar tidurlarut malam ini stress yang dialami mahasiswa menunjukan pada taraf serupa

Asymmetries in climate change and livestock productivity: non-linear evidence from autoregressive distribution lag mode

IntroductionThe livestock sector is extremely important to Socioeconomic growth in Pakistan, yet it is also quite vulnerable to weather changes. Climate change reduces livestock production by changing ecosystem services such as water availability, feed quality and quantity, disease outbreaks, animal heat stress, and a decline in livestock variety and breeds. Climate change has a direct impact on ecological and animal health. As a consequence of climate change, animal diseases, and infections are becoming more widespread. With the non-linearities of climate change in the livestock industry in mind, the present study investigated the asymmetric influence of climatic and non-climatic variables on livestock productivity across Pakistan. The empirical analysis was conducted utilizing secondary time series data from 1980 to 2021.MethodThe non-linear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) model is used to examine the asymmetric behavior of climatic variability in the livestock sector. We included CO2 emissions, mean temperature (MT), and precipitation (PERC) as climatic variables in the current study, along with additional control factors.Results and discussionOur research discovered that CO2, MT, and PREC had asymmetries in their impacts on livestock. Variations in CO2, MT, and PREC have contradictory effects on livestock productivity in the long and short term. A percent increase in LCO2 leads to a fall in livestock production insignificantly by 1.0062% for Model I and significantly by 5.7613% and 5.3929% for Models II and III, respectively. A percent decrease in LCO2 significantly lowers livestock production by 4.1739% for Model I and improves livestock production by 8.5928% and 6.7901%, respectively, for Model II and Model III. A unit increase in MT significantly improves livestock productivity by 1.5520% and 0.8149% for Models II and III, respectively, while a unit decrease in MT insignificantly improves livestock production by 0.1316% and 0.2122% for Models II and III, respectively. A unit increase and decrease in PREC significantly lowers and insignificantly improve livestock productivity respectively by 0.002% in both cases for Model III. To protect the livestock industry from the negative effects of climate change, this study suggests that livestock producers use new environmentally friendly technologies and ecological agricultural systems

The Effectiveness of Garbage Sorting Campaigns for Villagers

Abstract. In everyday life, humans need campaigns to succeed in their activities. The campaign is intended so that there is a harmony of understanding in the audience. Persuasive messages themselves can be packaged in various ways and one of them is socialization. Socialization can be considered effective if it can follow social patterns in the intended community. In this study, researchers will look at the effectiveness of the campaign conducted by the Markisa PPK Ormawa Team BEM Fikom Unisba in waste management. The Markisa Team was chosen because the researcher assessed that the Markisa Team was still new to waste management. In addition, the study program of the Markisa Team was not aligned with the campaign being carried out. This study uses a quantitative research method with a descriptive approach and uses the Ostergaard Campaign Model. And, from this study it can be concluded that the Markisa PPK Ormawa BEM Fikom Unisba Team is credible,  it's just that it hasn't achieved the goals it wants to achieve. This can be seen from several villagers who still do not understand the campaign being delivered

THE USE OF GLUCOSAMINE AND THE INCREASE OF IOP: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Highlights: 1. There are differences in the result of the use of glucosamine and the increase of intraocular pressure. 2. There are many other factors that may contribute to the increase in the intraocular pressure other than the use of glucosamine such as races, genetics, different dose, and duration of glucosamine use. Abstract: Background: Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide that can directly stimulate the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage. It has been widely used as an osteoarthritis treatment. However, several literatures show the possible side effects of glucosamine, such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there was any correlation between the use of glucosamine and the increase in IOP. Material and Method: This was a descriptive qualitative study that implied a systematic review design. The study sample consisted of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and glaucoma in Iran, Indonesia, Thailand, the USA, and India between 2013 and 2018. The literature search was conducted on a database (PubMed and Google Scholar) and selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: The research identified 5 studies on the use of glucosamine and the increase of IOP. Two articles provide significant results on the correlation between the use of glucosamine and the increase of IOP (P < 0.05). In addition, two studies showed significant IOP reduction outcomes after discontinuation of glucosamine (P < 0.05). A case series indicated an increase in IOP during the 6th month of glucosamine use but still at normal value. Conclusion: Many other factors contribute to IOP growth, other than the use of glucosamine. Therefore, a large-scale randomized clinical trial or a multicentre cohort study using the same parameters is still needed to improve the quality of the subsequent systematic revie

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic: outcomes from the UK ‘Alert Level 4’ phase of the B-MaP-C study

Abstract: Background: The B-MaP-C study aimed to determine alterations to breast cancer (BC) management during the peak transmission period of the UK COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of these treatment decisions. Methods: This was a national cohort study of patients with early BC undergoing multidisciplinary team (MDT)-guided treatment recommendations during the pandemic, designated ‘standard’ or ‘COVID-altered’, in the preoperative, operative and post-operative setting. Findings: Of 3776 patients (from 64 UK units) in the study, 2246 (59%) had ‘COVID-altered’ management. ‘Bridging’ endocrine therapy was used (n = 951) where theatre capacity was reduced. There was increasing access to COVID-19 low-risk theatres during the study period (59%). In line with national guidance, immediate breast reconstruction was avoided (n = 299). Where adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted (n = 81), the median benefit was only 3% (IQR 2–9%) using ‘NHS Predict’. There was the rapid adoption of new evidence-based hypofractionated radiotherapy (n = 781, from 46 units). Only 14 patients (1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their treatment journey. Conclusions: The majority of ‘COVID-altered’ management decisions were largely in line with pre-COVID evidence-based guidelines, implying that breast cancer survival outcomes are unlikely to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. However, in this study, the potential impact of delays to BC presentation or diagnosis remains unknown

A Nonlinear Analysis of the Relationship between Urbanization and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Pakistan: A Fresh Evidence

The nature of the linkage between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions has been a point of concern among researchers, policy makers and environmentalists for the last three decades. Due to the rapid economic growth and social progress in urban areas, a considerable part of rural labor force have migrated to urban areas for jobs, education and health facilities. It results in significant increase in energy requirements in urban areas that have caused several challenges related to ecological pollution. Pakistan is one of the developing nations with a rapid rate of urbanization as well as varying economic growth rate. This study analyzes the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions in the presence of institutional quality, foreign direct investment and access to electricity. For analysis purpose, the study uses nonlinear ARDL estimation technique on Pakistani data for the period 1984-2020. The results show that the partial sum of positive/negative changes in urbanization are positively/negatively connected with carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, foreign direct investment inflows cause environmental degradation, while access to electricity is positively connected with carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. But, institutional quality considerably declines carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. The study concludes that positive part of urbanization has more significant effect than the negative counterpart. The study recommends that there is a need to promote economic friendly energy consumption pattern for improving the quality of environment in Pakistan. &nbsp