294 research outputs found
Functional Materials for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
A review on the analysis of characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is provided. DSSC design,
materials that are used for the manufacture of functional layers and the characteristics of elements
depending on their properties are analyzed. The basic disadvantages DSSC, the factors leading to their
appearance, as well as solutions to eliminate or reduce the impact of these factors are revealed
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Background. Protection against microbial colonization of surface fixators for metal osteosynthesis can reduce the number of infectious complications.
The aim of the study was to experimentally assess early perifocal tissue reactions to metal implants with a composite antibacterial coating under microbial load.
Methods. Fragments of steel pins for osteosynthesis (diameter 1 mm) with a four-component antibacterial coating based on polylactide, polyurethane, ciprofloxacin and silver nanoparticles were contaminated by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 43431. They were implanted in rats within the quadriceps femoris. Contaminated uncoated pins were used as a control. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 2nd, 4th, 7th day after implantation. Histopathological specimens from tissue around implants were prepared. A semiquantitative assessment of reactions was performed.
Results. The microbial load before implantation was (1.120.26)106 S. aureus cells for the control implants and (0.860.31)106 cells for implants with antibacterial coating. Tissue inflammatory reactions on the second day of implantation were equally evident in the control and investigated groups. There was a significant reduction in the number of immune cells and necrotic detritus, as well as increased growth of connective tissue and neoangiogenesis in the experimental group by the 4th day. The appearance of a less pronounced well-vascularized fibrous capsule around the experimental implants was noted by the 7th day. It indicates a more favorable healing of soft tissues in comparison with the control.
Conclusion. Weak morphological manifestations of tissue reactions in response to the fitting of contaminated implants with an antibacterial coating can be associated with both the direct antimicrobial effect of the coating components and the anti-inflammatory activity of silver nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin included in its composition.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ 1 ΠΌΠΌ Ρ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ S. aureus (MRSA) 43431 ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° 2-Π΅, 4-Π΅ ΠΈ 7-Π΅ ΡΡΡ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° (1,120,26)106 ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ S. aureus Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ (0,860,31)106 ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° 2-Π΅ ΡΡΡ. ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
. Π 4-ΠΌ ΡΡΡ. ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅. Π 7-ΠΌ ΡΡΡ. ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°
The modulation effect for supersymmetric dark matter detection with asymmetric velocity dispersion
The detection of the theoretically expected dark matter is central to
particle physics cosmology. Current fashionable supersymmetric models provide a
natural dark matter candidate which is the lightest supersymmetric particle
(LSP). Such models combined with fairly well understood physics like the quark
substructure of the nucleon and the nuclear form factor and the spin response
function of the nucleus, permit the evaluation of the event rate for
LSP-nucleus elastic scattering. The thus obtained event rates are, however,
very low or even undetectable. So it is imperative to exploit the modulation
effect, i.e. the dependence of the event rate on the earth's annual motion. In
this review we study such a modulation effect in directional and undirectional
experiments. We calculate both the differential and the total rates using
symmetric as well as asymmetric velocity distributions. We find that in the
symmetric case the modulation amplitude is small, less than 0.07. There exist,
however, regions of the phase space and experimental conditions such that the
effect can become larger. The inclusion of asymmetry, with a realistic enhanced
velocity dispersion in the galactocentric direction, yields the bonus of an
enhanced modulation effect, with an amplitude which for certain parameters can
become as large as 0.46.Comment: 35 LATEX pages, 7 Tables, 8 PostScript Figures include
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ 520-ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Purpose of the study was to track permanent proteins of urine proteome in the 520-day isolation experiment at the IBMP Ground-Based Test Facility with controlled environmental parameters. Object of the investigation was urine sampled from 6 normal male subjects at the age of 25 to 37 years. Second morning aliquots were gathered during baseline data collection, on days 50, 93, 124, 153, 180, 251, 274, 303, 330, 371, 400 and 427 of isolation, and in 7 days after its completion. Samples were subject to chromatography-mass spectrometry; results were analyzed with the help of bioinformatics resources. The following 7 permanent proteins were observed in urine over the entire length of the investigation: epidermal growth factor, polymer immunoglobulin receptor, plasma serine protease inhibitor, protein AMBP, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1, collagen alpha-1 (vi) chain, serum albumin
Measurement of and between 3.12 and 3.72 GeV at the KEDR detector
Using the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M collider, we have measured
the values of and at seven points of the center-of-mass
energy between 3.12 and 3.72 GeV. The total achieved accuracy is about or
better than at most of energy points with a systematic uncertainty of
about . At the moment it is the most accurate measurement of in
this energy range
New precise determination of the \tau lepton mass at KEDR detector
The status of the experiment on the precise lepton mass measurement
running at the VEPP-4M collider with the KEDR detector is reported. The mass
value is evaluated from the cross section behaviour around the
production threshold. The preliminary result based on 6.7 pb of data is
MeV. Using 0.8 pb of data
collected at the peak the preliminary result is also obtained:
eV.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures; The 9th International Workshop on Tau-Lepton
Physics, Tau0
Measurement of \Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)*Br(J/\psi->e^+e^-) and \Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)*Br(J/\psi->\mu^+\mu^-)
The products of the electron width of the J/\psi meson and the branching
fraction of its decays to the lepton pairs were measured using data from the
KEDR experiment at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider. The results are
\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)*Br(J/\psi->e^+e^-)=(0.3323\pm0.0064\pm0.0048) keV,
\Gamma_{ee}(J/\psi)*Br(J/\psi->\mu^+\mu^-)=(0.3318\pm0.0052\pm0.0063) keV.
Their combinations
\Gamma_{ee}\times(\Gamma_{ee}+\Gamma_{\mu\mu})/\Gamma=(0.6641\pm0.0082\pm0.0100)
keV,
\Gamma_{ee}/\Gamma_{\mu\mu}=1.002\pm0.021\pm0.013 can be used to improve
theaccuracy of the leptonic and full widths and test leptonic universality.
Assuming e\mu universality and using the world average value of the lepton
branching fraction, we also determine the leptonic \Gamma_{ll}=5.59\pm0.12 keV
and total \Gamma=94.1\pm2.7 keV widths of the J/\psi meson.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Search for narrow resonances in e+ e- annihilation between 1.85 and 3.1 GeV with the KEDR Detector
We report results of a search for narrow resonances in e+ e- annihilation at
center-of-mass energies between 1.85 and 3.1 GeV performed with the KEDR
detector at the VEPP-4M e+ e- collider. The upper limit on the leptonic width
of a narrow resonance Gamma(R -> ee) Br(R -> hadr) < 120 eV has been obtained
(at 90 % C.L.)
Measurement of main parameters of the \psi(2S) resonance
A high-precision determination of the main parameters of the \psi(2S)
resonance has been performed with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M e^{+}e^{-}
collider in three scans of the \psi(2S) -- \psi(3770) energy range. Fitting the
energy dependence of the multihadron cross section in the vicinity of the
\psi(2S) we obtained the mass value
M = 3686.114 +- 0.007 +- 0.011 ^{+0.002}_{-0.012} MeV and the product of the
electron partial width by the branching fraction into hadrons \Gamma_{ee}*B_{h}
= 2.233 +- 0.015 +- 0.037 +- 0.020 keV.
The third error quoted is an estimate of the model dependence of the result
due to assumptions on the interference effects in the cross section of the
single-photon e^{+}e^{-} annihilation to hadrons explicitly considered in this
work.
Implicitly, the same assumptions were employed to obtain the charmonium
leptonic width and the absolute branching fractions in many experiments.
Using the result presented and the world average values of the electron and
hadron branching fractions, one obtains the electron partial width and the
total width of the \psi(2S):
\Gamma_{ee} =2.282 +- 0.015 +- 0.038 +- 0.021 keV,
\Gamma = 296 +- 2 +- 8 +- 3 keV.
These results are consistent with and more than two times more precise than
any of the previous experiments
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