The role of thiophenol in the proposed mechanism for one pot transformation of 2-phenylthio-3-aminocyclohexanols to dehydropiperidine derivatives

AbstractThis paper describes the effect of thiophenol concentration on photochemical rearrangement of 2-phenylthio-3-aminocyclohexanols to the corresponding protected aminoaldehydes. The obtained aminoaldehyde is in equilibrium with its corresponding deoxyazasugar. The latter could be converted to the corresponding dehydropiperidine with a good yield in the same reaction media by controlling the thiophenol concentration. Also a proposed mechanism for this one pot transformation is reported

Cost-benefit analysis in patients with cancer (esophagus, gastric) in North Khorasan Province

The word cancer is derived from the Latin word carcinoma, means crab and refers to a malignant tumor that is caused by abnormal growth of a cell or group of cells. Since the operating time of manpower is a major investment for community, time lost due to premature death or non-fatal consequences of illnesses, and various events and accidents have become as the most important criterion to measure the health level. The present study is experimental and in terms of the nature and method is descriptive-survey. A sample of patients with gastric and esophageal cancer was studied in North Khorasan in 2012 and 2013. In this study, the methods of descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables, percentage and mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values​​ and quartiles were used to evaluate and compare the data collected from the medical documents and also in inferential statistic sector (according to the confirmed data normality), the independent two-sample t-test was used. In this regard, factors affecting the cost-benefit such as the medical expenses, indirect costs of treatment, average financial interests after treatment, support of contracting organizations and assessment of treatment costs for early detection were examined in this study. As it was predicted, records of patients with cancer have been responsible for all the research hypotheses All hypotheses were confirmed by the difference in the amount of costs and among these factors, early prevention and timely diagnosis were very helpful in improvement of patients and had very low cost for the patient and the Department of Health. Furthermore, financial support of insurances is relatively low that the enhancement of heavy costs for patients in addition to the tolerance of disease leading to the stopping continued treatment

World Literature: A Panacea for the Colonial Prejudice of English Literature

The present study is an attempt to discuss the importance of “World Literature” for English literary studies in universities and societies around the world. In this regard, this paper shall refer to the stances adopted by various thinkers against the colonial and ideological essence of the English literature in developing countries. In this part, references are made to postcolonial thinkers and the way they have exposed the barbaric nature of colonialism, in that it has, for decades, marginalized the culture and literature of other nations through cultural (neo)colonialism. The next part offers a brief introduction to the history of the emergence of “World Literature” and the ways in which it contributes to bridging the gap between nations across continents and ideological divides. The final section is devoted to a recapitulatory remark vis-à-vis the reorientation of the public’s eyes towards “World Literature” as a panacea for the colonial prejudice of English literature

Why Am I a Muslim? Investigating the Truth of Faith Based on Ghazālī's al-Munqidh Min Al-Ḍalāl

It should be acknowledged that the man's beliefs are often based on their prejudices. Probably, some people have not even asked themselves "which religion do I believe in? and why?, let alone attempt to find answers to them. However, there are some who delve into these questions and strive to find convincing answers. Ghazālī was one of the thinkers who asked such questions when he was a teenager, and suffered from the resulting skepticism for a while. In Al-Munqidh Min Al-Ḍalāl, Ghazālī reports how he came across these questions and how he overcame the crisis of the skepticism. He criticizes those saying: "I am Muslim because I was born in a Muslim family", and presents a basis for the true faith, which is based on resorting to mysticism and abandoning the philosophical reasoning. Ghazālī does not view the true faith as the result of the combination of the major and minor premises, rather considers it merely as the Divine Illumination and providence. Using analytical-logical method, the present study examined the basis presented by Ghazālī and concluded that considering the Illumination as the basis of faith, and abandoning the philosophical reasoning may lead to some consequences which cannot be ignored. For example, in explaining the faith, by abandoning the philosophical reasoning, one cannot distinguish between the true faith and the false faith originating from the satanic temptations

Accounting for Iranian EFL Teachers' Burnout: Educational Beliefs and Teacher Self-Disclosure in Focus

Teaching is considered a high-risk profession for those suffering from burnout syndrome. Burnout syndrome affects the person who suffers from it and everyone around them, e.g., family, friends, co-workers, students, and parents. The main purpose of this study was to investigate any probable relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ educational belief and their tendency to self-disclose with their likelihood of suffering from burnout. The research instruments were The Teacher Self-Disclosure Scale (Cayanus Martin, 2008), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES) (Maslach, C., Schaufeli, 1993), and the Teachers' Educational Belief Questionnaire. The participants were 98 EFL teachers selected from 25 private language schools in Shiraz, Iran. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, and Person Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to answer this research question. Analyzing the data collected through the questionnaires indicated a positive correlation between some dimensions of teacher burnout and teachers’ constructive or traditional beliefs. Thus, ‘lack of personal achievement’ and ‘constructive beliefs’, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’, and teachers’ traditional beliefs were positively correlated. On the contrary, a negative correlation was identified between ‘lack of personal achievement’ and teachers’ traditional beliefs. Likewise, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ on the burnout scale were correlated with teachers’ constructive beliefs.  However, no significant correlation was observed between teachers’ neutral beliefs and any dimensions of the burnout scale. Moreover, teacher self-disclosure quantity and negativity were correlated with ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ on the burnout scale

Accounting for Iranian EFL Teachers' Burnout: Educational Beliefs and Teacher Self-Disclosure in Focus

Teaching is considered a high-risk profession for those suffering from burnout syndrome. Burnout syndrome affects the person who suffers from it and everyone around them, e.g., family, friends, co-workers, students, and parents. The main purpose of this study was to investigate any probable relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ educational belief and their tendency to self-disclose with their likelihood of suffering from burnout. The research instruments were The Teacher Self-Disclosure Scale (Cayanus Martin, 2008), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES) (Maslach, C., Schaufeli, 1993), and the Teachers' Educational Belief Questionnaire. The participants were 98 EFL teachers selected from 25 private language schools in Shiraz, Iran. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha coefficients, and Person Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to answer this research question. Analyzing the data collected through the questionnaires indicated a positive correlation between some dimensions of teacher burnout and teachers’ constructive or traditional beliefs. Thus, ‘lack of personal achievement’ and ‘constructive beliefs’, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’, and teachers’ traditional beliefs were positively correlated. On the contrary, a negative correlation was identified between ‘lack of personal achievement’ and teachers’ traditional beliefs. Likewise, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ on the burnout scale were correlated with teachers’ constructive beliefs.  However, no significant correlation was observed between teachers’ neutral beliefs and any dimensions of the burnout scale. Moreover, teacher self-disclosure quantity and negativity were correlated with ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘depersonalization’ on the burnout scale