Peran Guru Sebagai Motivator Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD Gmim Wailan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peran Guru Sebagai Motivator dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD GMIM Wailan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulan bahwa peran guru sebagai motivator dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa kelas IV SD GMIM Wailan sudah baik yaitu dengan cara: 1) Menggunakan metode yang bervariasi, seperti ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab dan juga penugasan 2) Menciptakan persaingan atau kompetisi, dengan memberikan pertanyaan rebutan 3) Mengadakan evaluasi/tes, dengan memberikan soal-soal untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pembelajaran diserap oleh siswa 4) Memberi nilai dalam bentuk angka, nilai yang diperoleh siswa bervariasi ada yang 80 dan 90 5) Memberikan pujian, dengan kata-kata sanjungan yang menyemangati hati siswa 6) Memberikan hukuman, seperti berdiri di depan kelas dengan tujuan memberikan efek jera 7) Membentuk kebiasaan belajar yang baik, dengan mencatat kembali materi, membaca kembali yang sudah di catat, dan memberikan tugas 8) Membantu kesulitan belajar siswa, dengan melakukan pendekatan secara personal kepada siswa 9) Memberitahukan hasil belajar, dengan mengumumkan hasil yang diperoleh siswa secara lisan juga tulisan 10) Memberikan hadiah, dengan memberikan sebuah buku tulis

Idoso em situação de finitude ”“ percepção da equipe de enfermagem

O processo de finitude na maturidade pode ocorrer de forma lenta, com muito sofrimento físico, mental, social, emocional e espiritual e esse vem a ser um dos temas mais valorizados pela gerontologia e uma fonte de grande preocupação por parte dos pesquisadores, principalmente quando as pessoas denominam esse evento como normal e decorrente do processo de envelhecimento. Considera-se indivíduos em situação de finitude, aquele que se encontra fora das possibilidades terapêuticas curativas o que traz uma falsa ideia que nada pode ser feito. Metodologia - Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, que buscou descrever os cuidados paliativos em idosos em finitude e compreender as percepções da equipe de enfermagem no setor de Clinica Médica em cuidados paliativos com idosos. O estudo foi realizado em um Hospital privado que presta serviço e assistência à população predominantemente idosa. Os sujeitos que fizeram parte deste estudo incluem auxiliares, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros, em um total de 18 elementos e que prestam cuidados aos idosos internados, que aceitaram participar do estudo mediante a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e foi avaliado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da sob o nº da CAAE: 332959914.5.0000.5494

Idoso em situação de finitude ”“ percepção da equipe de enfermagem

O processo de finitude na maturidade pode ocorrer de forma lenta, com muito sofrimento físico, mental, social, emocional e espiritual e esse vem a ser um dos temas mais valorizados pela gerontologia e uma fonte de grande preocupação por parte dos pesquisadores, principalmente quando as pessoas denominam esse evento como normal e decorrente do processo de envelhecimento. Considera-se indivíduos em situação de finitude, aquele que se encontra fora das possibilidades terapêuticas curativas o que traz uma falsa ideia que nada pode ser feito

Synaptic proximity enables NMDAR signalling to promote brain metastasis.

Metastasis-the disseminated growth of tumours in distant organs-underlies cancer mortality. Breast-to-brain metastasis (B2BM) is a common and disruptive form of cancer and is prevalent in the aggressive basal-like subtype, but is also found at varying frequencies in all cancer subtypes. Previous studies revealed parameters of breast cancer metastasis to the brain, but its preference for this site remains an enigma. Here we show that B2BM cells co-opt a neuronal signalling pathway that was recently implicated in invasive tumour growth, involving activation by glutamate ligands of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which is key in model systems for metastatic colonization of the brain and is associated with poor prognosis. Whereas NMDAR activation is autocrine in some primary tumour types, human and mouse B2BM cells express receptors but secrete insufficient glutamate to induce signalling, which is instead achieved by the formation of pseudo-tripartite synapses between cancer cells and glutamatergic neurons, presenting a rationale for brain metastasis.This work was principally supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the European Research Council, and by a gift from the Biltema Foundation that was administered by the ISREC Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland

Differential metabolic activity and discovery of therapeutic targets using summarized metabolic pathway models

Abstract In spite of the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data, there is still a gap between the detection of perturbations in gene expression and the understanding of their contribution to the molecular mechanisms that ultimately account for the phenotype studied. Alterations in the metabolism are behind the initiation and progression of many diseases, including cancer. The wealth of available knowledge on metabolic processes can therefore be used to derive mechanistic models that link gene expression perturbations to changes in metabolic activity that provide relevant clues on molecular mechanisms of disease and drug modes of action (MoA). In particular, pathway modules, which recapitulate the main aspects of metabolism, are especially suitable for this type of modeling. We present Metabolizer, a web-based application that offers an intuitive, easy-to-use interactive interface to analyze differences in pathway metabolic module activities that can also be used for class prediction and in silico prediction of knock-out (KO) effects. Moreover, Metabolizer can automatically predict the optimal KO intervention for restoring a diseased phenotype. We provide different types of validations of some of the predictions made by Metabolizer. Metabolizer is a web tool that allows understanding molecular mechanisms of disease or the MoA of drugs within the context of the metabolism by using gene expression measurements. In addition, this tool automatically suggests potential therapeutic targets for individualized therapeutic interventions

Emerging role of brain metastases in the prognosis of breast cancer patients

Amanda Hambrecht1,2, Rahul Jandial2, Josh Neman21Department of Biology, University of Southern California; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, CA, USAAbstract: Cancer starts with one rogue cell. Through mutations and genomic alterations, the cell acquires specific and stem cell-like characteristics necessary for invasion of a distant organ and ultimately metastasis. Metastatic brain cancer is a particularly formidable disease because of its poor prognosis and the highly resistant nature of the tumor to chemotherapy. Although several types of primary tumors have a tendency to metastasize to the brain, the incidence of brain metastases has increased dramatically in some subsets of breast cancer patients. Several conventional treatments are available, but success is limited and often short-lived. Given that no standard treatment options exist, there is a significant need to investigate the biology of these clinically recalcitrant tumors. Keywords: metastasis, breast cancer, blood-brain barrier, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal-epithelial transitio