The Effect of Complexity of Fuel Oil Composition Compounds on Desulphurization Degrees in Oxidative Desulphurization Processes

Oxidative Desulfurization is an alternative process to reduce sulfur content in fuel. ODS is an oxidation reaction of sulfur compounds in fuel, which contains various hydrocarbon compounds, using an oxidizing agent with the help of a catalyst. The polarity of fuel, sulfur compounds and catalysts is a critical success factor for ODS. This study aims to determine the effect of the complexity of the model fuel used in the ODS process on the degree of sulfur reduction. The complexity variable is considered by polarity, which is determined based on the dielectric constant of the compound using the mixed concentration average of the dielectric constant of the pure compound. The model fuel used in this study is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds having 6 C atoms in the form of n-hexane, cyclohexane, and benzene. Dibenzothiophena is used as a representative of sulfur compounds with an initial concentration of 300 ppm in each sample. The independent variables that were varied were the composition of the model fuel and the ODS reaction time. Sulfur content in model fuel before and after ODS was analyzed using UV-Vis. Meanwhile, the dielectric constants of fuel and catalyst are determined using empirical equations. The results showed that the polarity of the model fuel changed depending on the composition of the constituent compounds. The ODS process resulted a decrease in DBT levels as a function of increasing the time reaction of ODS. Changes in the polarity of the model fuel solvent give different desulphurization results. The highest degree of desulphurization was obtained at 21% with the use of model fuel with a catalyst which had a dielectrict constant of 1.995

Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Rice Husk Extract and KI for Mild Steel in H2SO4 Solution

The corrosion inhibition of rice husk extract for bio-corrosion in mild steel in 1 M of H2SO4 solution and the effect of adding potassium iodide were investigated using the weight-loss method with a variable solution temperature and various bio-inhibitor concentrations. The addition of potassium iodide can significantly increase the efficiency of rice husk extract. The highest efficiency is 95.89% at 1,250 ppm of inhibitor concentration at a temperature of 313 K. The inhibition efficiency of rice husk extract is synergistically increased with the addition of potassium iodide. The characteristics of the adsorption inhibitors were assessed using the Langmuir isotherm adsorption approach at all studied concentrations and temperatures. The synergy of rice husk extract and potassium iodide was examined using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY BETWEEN 3 THAI MEDICINAL PLANTS COMPOUNDS AND COVID-19 THERAPEUTIC PROTEIN TARGETS: SARS-COV-2 MAIN PROTEASE, ACE-2, AND PAK-1

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate those 3 compounds among 122 Thai natural products by using a molecular docking approach to inhibit Main Protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB code: 6Y2F), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-2 (PDB code: 1R4L), and PAK-1 kinase (PDB code: 5DEW). Methods: The evaluation was performed on the docking scores calculated using AutoDock Vina as a docking engine and interaction profile analysis through 2-dimensional visualization using LigPlot+. The determination of the docking score was done by selecting the conformation of the ligand that has the lowest binding free energy (best pose). Result: The results of this study indicate that overall, Panduratin A has the best affinity in inhibiting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, ACE-2, and PAK-1 compared to other compounds. Conclusion: The three thai medicinal plants compound has the potential to be developed as specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19

Produksi Biogasoline Dari Minyak Sawit Melalui Reaksi Perengkahan Katalitik Dengan Katalis γ-Alumina

Biogasoline Production from Palm Oil Via Catalytic Hydrocracking over Gamma-Alumina Catalyst. Bio gasolineconversion from palm oil is an alternative energy resources method which can be substituted fossil fuel base energyutilization. Previous research resulted that palm oil can be converted into hydrocarbon by catalytic cracking reactionwith γ-alumina catalyst. In this research, catalytic cracking reaction of palm oil by γ-alumina catalyst is done in a stirrerbatch reactor with the oil/catalyst weight ratio variation of 100:1, 75:1, and 50:1; at suhue variation of 260 to 340oCand reaction time variation of 1 to 2 hour. Post cracking reaction, bio gasoline yield could be obtained after 2 steps batch distillation. Physical property test result such as density and viscosity of this cracking reaction product and commercialgasoline tended a closed similarity. According to result of the cracking product's density, viscosity and FTIR, it canconclude that optimum yield of the palm oil catalytic cracking reaction could be occurred when oil/catalyst weight ratio100:1 at 340 oC in 1.5 hour and base on this bio gasoline's FTIR, GC and GC-MS identification results, its hydrocarbons content was resembled to the commercial gasoline. This palm oil catalytic cracking reaction shown 11.8% (v/v) in yield and 28.0% (v/v) in conversion concern to feed palm oil base and produced a 61.0 octane number's biogasoline

Pengaruh Perlakuan Fisi dan Kimiawi Zeolit Alam Lampung Terhadap Kapasitas Jerap Ion Amonium

Natural zeolit from lampung(Zal) which contains 75% of clinoptilolite structure is supposedly useful for wastewater treatment by adsorption process.The Adsorption capacity of natural zeolite is usually less than that of synthetic zeolite due ti it contasins other minerals such as calcite, gypsum, felspar etc.physical or chemical treatmen of natural zeolite is needed to improve its adsorption capacity. the effects of physical and chemical treatment of zal on the adsotrption caqpacity of ammonium ion have been investigated experimentally in this study.Physical treatmens were done by cacination while the chemical treatments done by washing zal using naoh or h2so4 solutions.the parameters studied in this experiment were calcination temperatures and concrentrations of the solution.The zeolite used in this experiment was in the size of 8 to 10 mesh, the initial concentration of ammonium ion in the solution was 1 g/l, and the ratio of zeolite to solution was i g to 10 ml. The experimental result show that the highest adsorption capacity of the calcinated zeolite is 1.9922 mg nh+ per g of zeolite for the calcination temperature of 300 c.The adsorption capacity for zeolite treated by naoh solution is higher than that of h2so4 solution.The highest adsorption capacity for the three different treatment is 2,117 mg nh4+ per g of zeolite that is for the treatment using naoh solution

The Influence of Pt Atomic Ratio in the Activity PtNi/C Nanocatalysts for the PEMFC

Pt-Ni/C alloy nanocatalysts synthesized by polyol method with different atomic ratio are investigated to enhance activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cell applications. Prepared catalysts are characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD analysis shows that all prepared catalysts with different atomic ratio exhibit face centered cubic and have smaller lattice parameters than pure Pt catalyst. The mean particle size of the catalysts are between 4.3 to 6.3 nm. Cyclic voltammograms with scan rate 5 mV s-1 at 25oC obtain range the electrochemical active surface (EAS) between 40 to 164 cm2/mgPt, mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) of nanocatalysts PtNi/C in the potential range 900 mV versus RHE between 3.61 to 8.42 mA/mgPt, and 0.05 to 0.09

PRODUKSI BIOGASOLINE DARI MINYAK SAWIT MELALUI REAKSI PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK DENGAN KATALIS γ-ALUMINA

Biogasoline Production from Palm Oil Via Catalytic Hydrocracking over Gamma-Alumina Catalyst. Bio gasolineconversion from palm oil is an alternative energy resources method which can be substituted fossil fuel base energyutilization. Previous research resulted that palm oil can be converted into hydrocarbon by catalytic cracking reactionwith γ-alumina catalyst. In this research, catalytic cracking reaction of palm oil by γ-alumina catalyst is done in a stirrerbatch reactor with the oil/catalyst weight ratio variation of 100:1, 75:1, and 50:1; at suhue variation of 260 to 340oCand reaction time variation of 1 to 2 hour. Post cracking reaction, bio gasoline yield could be obtained after 2 steps batch distillation. Physical property test result such as density and viscosity of this cracking reaction product and commercialgasoline tended a closed similarity. According to result of the cracking product's density, viscosity and FTIR, it canconclude that optimum yield of the palm oil catalytic cracking reaction could be occurred when oil/catalyst weight ratio100:1 at 340 oC in 1.5 hour and base on this bio gasoline's FTIR, GC and GC-MS identification results, its hydrocarbons content was resembled to the commercial gasoline. This palm oil catalytic cracking reaction shown 11.8% (v/v) in yield and 28.0% (v/v) in conversion concern to feed palm oil base and produced a 61.0 octane number's biogasoline.Keywords: Bio gasoline, γ-alumina, viscosity, density, palm oi

The Influence of PT Atomic Ratio in the Activity PtNi/C Nanocatalysts for the PEMFC

Pt-Ni/C alloy nanocatalysts synthesized by polyol method with different atomic ratio are investigated to enhance activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cell applications. Prepared catalysts are characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD analysis shows that all prepared catalysts with different atomic ratio exhibit face centered cubic and have smaller lattice parameters than pure Pt catalyst. The mean particle size of the catalysts are between 4.3 to 6.3 nm. Cyclic voltammograms with scan rate 5 mV s-1 at 25oC obtain range the electrochemical active surface (EAS) between 40 to 164 cm2/mgPt, mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) of nanocatalysts PtNi/C in the potential range 900 mV versus RHE between 3.61 to 8.42 mA/mgPt, and 0.05 to 0.09

Synthesis of Renewable Diesel from Palm Oil and Jatropha Curcas Oil through Hydrodeoxygenation using NiMo/Zal

Hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil over NiMo/ZAL (nickel molybdenum/zeolit alam Lampung) catalyst was investigated under temperatures of 375°C and 400°C and H2 pressure of 15 bar in a semibatch stirred autoclave reactor. NiMo/ZAL catalyst was prepared using a rapid cooling method. NiMo/ZAL characterization revealed a crystal size of 70.07 nm, surface area of 12.25 m2/g, and pore size and pore volume of 9.83 Å and 0.0062 cm3/g, respectively. The hydrodeoxygenation removal pathway of palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil over NiMo/ZAL catalyst was primarily achieved through decarboxylation. Under hydrogen pressure of 15 bar and temperature of 375°C, palm oil and Jatropha curcas oil can be converted into paraffin chains (from n-C15 up to n-C18) by a decarboxylation reaction that produces water, methane, and COx gases as byproducts and contains some undesirable reactions. These byproducts can produce alkene bonds that form chains different from those in conventional diesel fuel. The conversion was 80.87%, selectivity was 52.78%, and yield was 45.66%. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction catalyzed by NiMo/ZAL catalyst was found to be suitable for removing oxygen and producing paraffin chains; this increased the heating value and stability of renewable diesel fuel