Determination of Adulteration and Quantity of Petrol in Automobiles

Determination of adulteration and quantity of petrol in automobiles is implemented to ensure quality, quantity and to determine the efficiency of the engine through mileage. It consists of pH meter, LDR arrangement, proximity sensor, PIC microcontroller and LCD. The pH meter is used for the quality testing of petrol and its values should range between 5.5-5.88 to indicate petrol without adulteration. LDR arrangement produce a change in the voltage according to the level of petrol in the tank is used for quantity measurement. Proximity sensor is used to determine the petrol consumption between the levels of LDR arrangement by calculating the number of rotations of the wheel through induction type. The inputs from the pH Meter, LDR setup and proximity sensor are connected to the PIC microcontroller. Based on the voltage level produced from the sensors, PIC controller would calculate and display the corresponding values of quality, quantity and mileage of the vehicle

POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FRESH AND PHOTOACTIVATED GOMUTRA FOR STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPATHOGENIC ACTIVITIES AGAINST VARIOUS PATHOGENS

Nowadays, the increase in use of antimicrobial drugs has been attributed to indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and ongoing epidemics of HIV infection. These drugs are economically too expensive and inadequate for the treatment of diseases in developing countries, and it also has some serious side effects. Some pathogens have also become resistant to many commercially used antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need to develop new infection-fighting strategies from natural source to control pathogenic infections without cause any side effects. The cow urine has a best source of natural compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this present study, the cow urine was collected at different time intervals and the antibacterial activity of Photo activated, distillate and fresh raw cow urine were tested by agar well and pour plate method using the pathogenic microbes like pseudomonas auerogenisa, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The antioxidant activity of the Cow Urine and its fractions has been evaluated by Free Radical Scavenging Activity using DPPH assay method and Reducing Power Assay. In this result we found that the fresh and photo activated cow urine evidences for better antioxidant and antimicrobial activity by inhibiting Klebsiella pneumonia (31 and 27mm) compared to distillate. We conclude that the fresh and photo activated gomutra could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that would have greater importance as supportive therapy in slowing oxidative stress related degenerative diseases and also act as effective tool for inhibiting pathogenic infections

Software Fault Prediction with Metric Threshold Using Clustering Algorithm

Software fault prediction using clustering algorithm metrics  used to build the software fault prediction model  software. However there are certain cases when previous fault data are not in present level. In software fault prediction using hierarchical Agglomerative Algorithm to predict the fault software and report the prediction in that software using previous version of algorithm kmeans and quad tree based algorithms, the clustering algorithm classified as unsupervised and supervised technique to predict the fault

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Green synthesis and cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles from extracts of the marine macroalgae <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Gracilaria corticata</i></span>

276-281<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-GB">The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of a seaweed, Gracilaria corticata. Extremely stable AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDS analyses. The nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 424 nm in the UV spectrum. The presence of proteins was identified by FTIR. TEM micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed and spherical shaped nanoparticles with the size range of 10-50 nm and the presence of elemental silver were confirmed by EDS analysis. These nanoparticles showed cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cells.</span

A Survey on Optimal Scheduler: Improving Efficiency in Parallel Execution Tasks in Hadoop

Hadoop’s implementation of the Map Reduce programming model pipelines the data processing and provides fault tolerance. Input data is partitioned and distributed as map tasks to individual cluster nodes for parallel execution. Map task splits the input data that is on the Hadoop Distributed File System and map function is applied to the input data. iShuffle finds the number of map output partitions and it places map output partition to nodes. Shufflers and the shuffle manager are the components used in iShuffle. The shuffler implements an operation which pushes the output data of mapping process to different nodes. Here, multiple servers are used to produce results in a short time. Data sets related to air pollution are collected. They are processed by the servers. This increases the efficiency and reduces the job completion time

Morpho-molecular Characterization of Carrot Soft Rot Incitant, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovoroum

Carrot is an important root vegetable which plays an important role in human health. Globally, Post harvest diseases are the major constraint in carrot production, especially soft rot which resulting in severe yield loss. Early diagnosis of these post-harvest diseases paves a way for reducing the economic losses. Carrot samples showing typical rotting symptoms were collected from markets of four different districts of Tamil Nadu and the pathogen involved were isolated. Severe carrot soft rot incidence (66.74%) was observed in samples collected from Ooty area of The Nilgiris district and the least disease incidence of (16.21%) was recorded in Perundurai of Erode district. Pathogenicity of soft rot pathogen were conducted and the virulent isolates were identified based on Percent Disease Index (PDI) showing &gt;50% rotting falls under disease grade 9 using disease grade scale (0 to 9). The bacterial isolates (KPB-7 and OCB-5) causing soft rot were characterized using various biochemical assays where in they showed positive response for methyl red, H2S gas production, KOH and catalase tests besides showing negative response for gram’s reaction. Furthermore, molecular characterization of 16s rRNA region revealed the soft rot isolate (KPB-7) as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum (with an accession number OR251119)

High-Throughput in Wireless Mesh Networks Using Different Routing Metrics

ABSTRACT-Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) can be designed using a routing technique. There is lot of protocols developed for many packets delivery, but they fail in the path selection in the presence of selfish nodes. To overcome this problem, Cross layer metrics is developed which is used to select the path that delivers the highest packet. The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is used by individual nodes to compute next hop destinations for all nodes in the network.Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW), and two further variants, handle with the problem of selfish behavior (i.e., packet dropping) of mesh routers in a WMN. EFW selects reliable and high-performance path for packet transmission. The results show that the path reliability and increase the performance of the network

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Not AvailableMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22nt long non-coding RNAs, which regulate the gene regulation at the post transcriptional level in both plants and animals. These miRNA are conserved in nature and hence potential base for new miRNA prediction through homology search. No miRNAs in this species are identified so far in economically important water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In this study, EST-based homology search, an established computational approach is used to find the potential miRNAs in buffalo. Six potential miRNA in buffalo were identified utilizing publicly available buffalo ESTs against the already known mature miRNAs of closely related species i.e. Bos taurus. Based on their sequence complementarity, target genes were identified which encode transcription factors (8%), enzymes (30%) and transporters (14%) as well as other proteins involved in physiological and metabolic processes (48%). These target genes also encode the proteins for signal transduction and normal development. This study will accelerate the way for further research on miRNAs and their functions in Bubalus bubalis.Not Availabl