Inventaire de l’entomofaune et Lutte Chimique Contre les Ravageurs de Lippia Multiflora (Verbenaceae) au Sud de la Côte D’Ivoire

Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae), communément appelé thé de savane, est une plante que l’on rencontre spontanément en zone de savane. Elle possède des vertus médicinales et est utilisée comme pesticide. Des études menées, en vue de sa domestication en zone forestière, ont montré qu’il est impérieux de faire l’inventaire des insectes rencontrés dans cette nouvelle zone de culture. Il s’agit également de distinguer ceux qui sont nuisibles en vue de développer des stratégies de lutte. L’identification a été effectuée, à la fois sur les ravageurs hypogés observés lors des fouilles aux pieds des plants, et les ravageurs épigés causant d’importants dégâts sur les tiges et les feuilles. Ensuite, chaque parcelle élémentaire a été traitée, à dose constante, avec un insecticide (cyperméthrine) tous les 7, 14 et 18 j. Une sous parcelle n’ayant reçu aucun traitement chimique a servi de témoin. Pour évaluer l’impact du produit sur les ravageurs, des observations ont été effectuées sur chaque plant. Les feuilles endommagées et les plants morts ont été notés. Les résultats ont montré une différence hautement significative entre les sous parcelles traitées et le témoin. Mais, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre la fréquence des traitements. De même, le traitement chimique n’a eu aucun effet sur les ravageurs hypogés. Les Coléoptères ont semblé être les plus redoutables de tous les insectes épigés. Enfin, la réussite de la domestication de la plante en zone humide, nécessite un traitement chimique du sol avant repiquage.Mots clés : Lippia multiflora, dégâts, entomofaune, zone humide, cyperméthrine, Côte d’IvoireLippia multiflora (Verbenaceae), commonly referred to as savannah tea, is a plant which grows spontaneously in the savannah zone. It has good medicinal properties and is used as a pesticide. Studies were undertaken for its domestication in forest zones south of the country. For a successful domestication of the plant, it is important to make an inventory of the insects dwelling in these zones. The study also aims to distinguish between insect species capable of attacking the plants and hence devise plant protection strategies. Surveys were undertaken in order to identify both hypogean and epigean ravagers that feed on plant parts. Each subplot was treated using the same rate of cypermethrine as an insecticide, at 7, 14 and 18-day intervals. One subplot, which did not receive any chemical treatment, was used as the control. The assessment of treatment effects of insect damage caused to leaves and plants were observed. Results show a highly significant difference between the subplots and the control. However, no significant difference was observed between treatments intervals. Furthermore, the chemical treatment had no effect on the hypogean ravagers. Hence, it can be concluded that, the coleopterans seem to be the most redoubtable of the epigean insects. The success of Lippia multiflora domestication requires that the soil undergo a chemical treatment before any plantation.Key words : Lippia multiflora, insect damage, entomofauna, wetland, cypermethrine, Côte d’Ivoire

Action de l’acide phosphoreux in vitro sur Phytophthora katsurae (Pythiaceae), parasite du cocotier en Côte d’Ivoire

Lfaction in vitro de lfacide phosphoreux sur quatre souches de Phytophthora katsurae provenant de trois regions Sud de production du cocotier en Cote dfIvoire a ete evaluee. Lfetude fongitoxique de lfacide phosphoreux et la capacite de redeveloppement des souches ont ete respectivement realisees sur milieu Ribeiro modifie, amende avec les concentrations 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 et 50 ƒÊg/ml dfacide phosphoreux et avec 15 et 50 ƒÊg/ml du meme acide. Les croissances myceliennes sur milieux amendes a lfacide phosphoreux ont ete comparees aux croissances des champignons sur milieux Ribeiro ne contenant pas de lfacide phosphoreux. Lfactivite fongitoxique de lfacide phosphoreux sfest traduite par des taux dfinhibition compris entre 36,45% et74,64%. Les souches du Sud Comoe issues dfune plantation villageoise de Samo et dfune plantation industrielle CAIMPEX, sont plus sensibles a lfacide, contrairement aux souches de Marc Delorme et Fresco.Les essais realises ont montre egalement que in vitro, les souches sont capables de se redevelopper a lfabsence du fongicide. Cette etude a mis en evidence une activite fongistatique de lfacide phosphoreux. Ces differents comportements pourraient permettre lfoptimisation de la lutte chimique dans toutes les zones de production de la Cote dfIvoire

Tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischiorectale : Diagnostic et traitement à propos de 07 observations à Abidjan

But : cette étude rétrospective se propose d’exposer le diagnostic et les résultats thérapeutiques concernant les tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio rectale. Patients et méthode : De 2019 à 2023 nous avons traité 04 femmes et 03 hommes pour tumeur primitive de la fosse ischio-rectale. L’âge moyen était de 48,8 ans. Parmi les femmes, 03 étaient ménopausées. Nous avons étudié, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, et les résultats du traitement chirurgical. Résultats : Le motif de consultation était dominé par la proctalgie (n=3) qui était associée à une dyspareunie dans 02 cas. L’examen physique retrouvait une masse para-anale dans 04 cas. La coloscopie était peu contributive tandis que, l’IRM demeurait le maître examen. L’histologie était en faveur des tumeurs malignes (n=4). La résection chirurgicale était la règle et la voie périnéale antérieur était la voie d’abord principale. L’évolution Après recul de 04 ans, est marquée par 04 survivants sans récidive tumorale. Conclusion : La tumeur de la FIR est une tumeur rare. La tumeur maligne a dominé parmi nos cas. L’expression clinique dépend du stade de la maladie. La résection chirurgicale périnéale antérieure est possible. La taille de notre échantillon ne nous permettait pas d’élucider les facteurs favorisants. L’IRM devrait être systématique devant toute proctalgie d’adulte.   Purpose: this retrospective study aims to present the diagnosis and therapeutic results concerning primary tumors of the ischio-rectal fossa. Patients and method: From 2019 to 2023 we treated 4 women and 3 men for primary tumor of the ischiorectal fossa. The average age was 48.8 years. Among the women, 03 were postmenopausal. We studied the clinical manifestations, the diagnostic means, and the results of surgical treatment. Results : The reason for consultation was dominated by proctalgia (n=3) which was associated with dyspareunia in 02 cases. The physical examination found a para-anal mass in 04 cases. Colonoscopy made little contribution while MRI remained the main examination. Histology was in favor of malignant tumors (n=4). Surgical resection was the rule and the anterior perineal route was the main approach. The evolution after 04 years, is marked by 04 survivors without tumor recurrence. Conclusion: The FIR tumor is a rare tumor. Malignant tumor dominated among our cases. The clinical expression depends on the stage of the disease. Anterior perineal surgical resection is possible. The size of our sample did not allow us to elucidate the contributing factors. MRI should be systematic in any adult proctalgia

Tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischiorectale : Diagnostic et traitement à propos de 07 observations à Abidjan

But : cette étude rétrospective se propose d’exposer le diagnostic et les résultats thérapeutiques concernant les tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio rectale. Patients et méthode : De 2019 à 2023 nous avons traité 04 femmes et 03 hommes pour tumeur primitive de la fosse ischio-rectale. L’âge moyen était de 48,8 ans. Parmi les femmes, 03 étaient ménopausées. Nous avons étudié, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, et les résultats du traitement chirurgical. Résultats : Le motif de consultation était dominé par la proctalgie (n=3) qui était associée à une dyspareunie dans 02 cas. L’examen physique retrouvait une masse para-anale dans 04 cas. La coloscopie était peu contributive tandis que, l’IRM demeurait le maître examen. L’histologie était en faveur des tumeurs malignes (n=4). La résection chirurgicale était la règle et la voie périnéale antérieur était la voie d’abord principale. L’évolution Après recul de 04 ans, est marquée par 04 survivants sans récidive tumorale. Conclusion : La tumeur de la FIR est une tumeur rare. La tumeur maligne a dominé parmi nos cas. L’expression clinique dépend du stade de la maladie. La résection chirurgicale périnéale antérieure est possible. La taille de notre échantillon ne nous permettait pas d’élucider les facteurs favorisants. L’IRM devrait être systématique devant toute proctalgie d’adulte.   Purpose: this retrospective study aims to present the diagnosis and therapeutic results concerning primary tumors of the ischio-rectal fossa. Patients and method: From 2019 to 2023 we treated 4 women and 3 men for primary tumor of the ischiorectal fossa. The average age was 48.8 years. Among the women, 03 were postmenopausal. We studied the clinical manifestations, the diagnostic means, and the results of surgical treatment. Results : The reason for consultation was dominated by proctalgia (n=3) which was associated with dyspareunia in 02 cases. The physical examination found a para-anal mass in 04 cases. Colonoscopy made little contribution while MRI remained the main examination. Histology was in favor of malignant tumors (n=4). Surgical resection was the rule and the anterior perineal route was the main approach. The evolution after 04 years, is marked by 04 survivors without tumor recurrence. Conclusion: The FIR tumor is a rare tumor. Malignant tumor dominated among our cases. The clinical expression depends on the stage of the disease. Anterior perineal surgical resection is possible. The size of our sample did not allow us to elucidate the contributing factors. MRI should be systematic in any adult proctalgia

A systematic review of Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures by performing a systematic review of the methods of surgical treatment which have been reported. Materials and Methods A systematic search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. For inclusion, studies required a minimum of ten patients with a Vancouver type B2 and/or ten patients with a Vancouver type B3 fracture, a minimum mean follow-up of two years and outcomes which were matched to the type of fracture. Studies were also required to report the rate of re-operation as an outcome measure. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. Results A total of 22 studies were included based on the eligibility criteria, including 343 B2 fractures and 167 B3 fractures. The mean follow-up ranged from 32 months to 74 months. Of 343 Vancouver B2 fractures, the treatment in 298 (86.8%) involved revision arthroplasty and 45 (12.6%) were treated with internal fixation alone. A total of 37 patients (12.4%) treated with revision arthroplasty and six (13.3%) treated by internal fixation only underwent further re-operation. Of 167 Vancouver B3 fractures, the treatment in 160 (95.8%) involved revision arthroplasty and eight (4.8%) were treated with internal fixation without revision. A total of 23 patients (14.4%) treated with revision arthroplasty and two (28.6%) treated only with internal fixation required re-operation. Conclusion A significant proportion, particularly of B2 fractures, were treated without revision of the stem. These were associated with a higher rate of re-operation. The treatment of B3 fractures without revision of the stem resulted in a high rate of re-operation. This demonstrates the importance of careful evaluation and accurate characterisation of the fracture at the time of presentation to ensure the correct management. There is a need for improvement in the reporting of data in case series recording the outcome of the surgical treatment of periprosthetic fractures. We have suggested a minimum dataset to improve the quality of data in studies dealing with these fractures

Microarray analysis revealed different gene expression patterns in HepG2 cells treated with low and high concentrations of the extracts of Anacardium occidentale shoots

In this study, the effects of low and high concentrations of the Anacardium occidentale shoot extracts on gene expression in liver HepG2 cells were investigated. From MTT assays, the concentration of the shoot extracts that maintained 50% cell viability (IC50) was 1.7 mg/ml. Cell viability was kept above 90% at both 0.4 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml of the extracts. The three concentrations were subsequently used for the gene expression analysis using Affymetrix Human Genome 1.0 S.T arrays. The microarray data were validated using real-time qRT–PCR. A total of 246, 696 and 4503 genes were significantly regulated (P < 0.01) by at least 1.5-fold in response to 0.4, 0.6 and 1.7 mg/ml of the extracts, respectively. Mutually regulated genes in response to the three concentrations included CDKN3, LOC100289612, DHFR, VRK1, CDC6, AURKB and GABRE. Genes like CYP24A1, BRCA1, AURKA, CDC2, CDK2, CDK4 and INSR were significantly regulated at 0.6 mg/ml and 1.7 mg but not at 0.4 mg/ml. However, the expression of genes including LGR5, IGFBP3, RB1, IDE, LDLR, MTTP, APOB, MTIX, SOD2 and SOD3 were exclusively regulated at the IC50 concentration. In conclusion, low concentrations of the extracts were able to significantly regulate a sizable number of genes. The type of genes that were expressed was highly dependent on the concentration of the extracts used

Interactions of amino acids with aluminum octacarboxyphthalocyanine hydroxide. Experimental and DFT studies

The influence of albumin and amino acids (l-serine, glycine, l-histidine, l-tryptophan, l-cysteine) on the properties of aluminum octacarboxyphthalocyanine hydroxide (Al(OH)PcOC) was investigated in a phosphate buffer (pH 8.0). Particular attention was paid to the spectroscopic properties and photostability of Al(OH)PcOC. The effect of albumin or amino acids on the photodegradation of Al(OH)PcOC was examined in water using red light: 685 nm and daylight irradiation. Analysis of kinetic curves indicated that interaction with those molecules increases the photostability of Al(OH)PcOC. The molecular structure of Al(OH)PcOC complexes (in vacuum and in water) with axially or equatorially coordinated amino acids was studied by the B3LYP/6-31G* method, and the effects on molecular structure and electronic absorption spectrum were investigated on the basis of the density functional theory. The calculation results revealed that axial coordination significantly reduces the non-planarity of the phthalocyanine ring, and, thus, alters the electronic structure. On the other hand, hydrogen bonding of phthalocyanine side COOH groups with amino acids, in equatorial complexes, does not change the structure within the center of the phthalocyanine, and causes only a slight increase in UV–vis bands intensity, which is in perfect agreement with experimental data. [Figure not available: see fulltext.